装配式钢结构的特点Characteristicsofpre

装配式钢结构的特点Characteristicsofprefabricatedsteelstructures装配式钢结构特点钢结构是天然的装配式建筑，具有绿色建筑的特征，废钢可以重新冶炼成钢材，因此，钢结构建筑被誉为“绿色建筑”。Steelstructureisanaturalprefabricatedbuilding,whichhasthecharacteristicsofgreenbuilding.Scrapsteelcanberesmeltedintosteel.Therefore,steelstructurebuildingsareknownas"greenbuildings".装配式钢结构有什么特点呢？装配式钢结构特点CharacteristicsofprefabricatedsteelstructuresWhatarethecharacteristicsofprefabricatedsteelstructures?钢结构工程的优点钢结构工程的缺点Advantagesofsteelstructuralengineering

Disadvantagesofsteelstructuralengineering钢结构工程的优点Advantagesofsteelstructuralengineering钢结构钢板热轧型钢冷加工成型的薄壁型钢连接、制造、组装而成钢结构的优点

AdvantagesofSteelStructuressteelstructuresteelplatehot-rolledsectionColdformedThin-walledsteelConnected,manufactured,assembled轻质高强钢材的强度与重力密度之比，比混凝土要高得多。例如Q355的钢，屈服强度355MPa，重力密度是7800Kg/m³，而常用的C30混凝土2500kg/m³，强度只有30MPa，相比之下钢材的强度与重力密度之比是混凝土的3倍多。钢结构的优点

AdvantagesofSteelStructuresTheratioofstrengthtogravitydensityofsteelismuchhigherthanthatofconcrete.(3timesormore)

Lightweightandhigh-strengthForexample,Q355steelhasayieldstrengthof355MPaandagravitydensityof7800Kg/m³，AndcommonlyusedC30concrete2500kg/m³，Thestrengthisonly30MPa,comparedtotheratioofsteelstrengthtogravitydensity,whichismorethanthreetimesthatofconcrete.在同样的受力条件下，钢结构用材料更少，自重轻。钢屋架质量不超过钢筋混凝土屋架的1/4~1/3钢材的强度与重力密度之比，比混凝土要高得多。（3倍以上）轻质高强钢结构的优点

AdvantagesofSteelStructures

Lightweightandhigh-strength

Theratioofstrengthtogravitydensityofsteelismuchhigherthanthatofconcrete.(3timesormore)Underthesamestressconditions,steelstructuresusefewermaterialsandhavealighterselfweight.Thequalityofsteelrooftrussshallnotexceed1/4~1/3ofthatofreinforcedconcreterooftruss钢结构塑性、韧性好变形处理钢材良好的塑性，使结构在一般情况下不会因超载而突然断裂，在破坏前变形增大，有明显征兆，易于补救。钢结构的优点

AdvantagesofSteelStructuresGoodplasticityandtoughnessofsteelstructuresThegoodplasticityofsteelensuresthatthestructurewillnotsuddenlybreakduetooverloadundernormalcircumstances,andthedeformationincreasesbeforefailure,withobvioussignsandeasytoremedy.钢结构韧性好，对动力荷载的适应力强。钢筋混凝土结构在地震中整体倒塌高层建筑钢柱在地震中拼接焊缝断裂钢结构的优点钢结构塑性、韧性好

AdvantagesofSteelStructuresGoodplasticityandtoughnessofsteelstructuresThesteelstructurehasgoodtoughnessandstrongadaptabilitytodynamicloads.OverallcollapseofreinforcedconcretestructuresduringearthquakesSplicingweldseamfractureofsteelcolumnsinhigh-risebuildingsduringearthquakes钢结构节点材质均匀，和力学的假定比较符合钢结构组织均匀，接近各向同性匀质体。钢结构的实际工作性能比较符合目前采用的理论计算结果，因此，可靠性高。实际工作性能≈

理论计算模型钢结构的优点

AdvantagesofSteelStructuresThematerialisuniformandconsistentwiththeassumptionsofmechanicsThesteelstructureisuniformlyorganizedandnearlyisotropichomogeneous.Theactualworkingperformanceofthesteelstructureisinlinewiththetheoreticalcalculationresultscurrentlyused,therefore,ithashighreliabilityActualworkingperformancetheoreticalmodelingsteeljoint抗震性能优越钢结构自重轻和结构体系相对较柔，所以受到地震的作用较小。又具有较高的抗拉和抗压强度以及较好的塑性和韧性，故抗震性能优越。钢结构的优点

AdvantagesofSteelStructuresSuperiorseismicperformanceThesteelstructurehasalightweightandarelativelyflexiblestructuralsystem,soitislessaffectedbyearthquakes.Italsohashightensileandcompressivestrength,aswellasgoodplasticityandtoughness,soitsseismicperformanceissuperior工业化程度高——良好的加工性能和焊接性能，易于工厂化生产，施工周期短、效率高、质量好。工厂制作钢构件运输现场吊装钢结构的优点

AdvantagesofSteelStructuresHighdegreeofindustrialization-goodprocessingandweldingperformance,easyfactoryproduction,shortconstructioncycle,highefficiency,andgoodqualityFactoryproductionTransportationofsteelcomponentsOnsitelifting钢材本身组织致密，焊接的钢结构可以做到完全密闭，具有良好的气密性和水密性。西气东输密封性好能够满足一些要求气密性和水密性好的高压容器、大型油库、气柜油罐和管道等的要求。钢结构的优点

AdvantagesofSteelStructuresGoodsealingperformanceThesteelitselfhasadensestructure,andtheweldedsteelstructurecanachievecompletesealing,withgoodairandwatertightness.Itcanmeettherequirementsofhigh-pressurevessels,largeoildepots,gastanks,oiltanks,andpipelinesthatrequiregoodairandwatertightness.West-EastGasTransmission钢结构节能、环保钢结构墙体采用新型轻质复合墙板钢结构房屋的墙体多采用新型轻质复合墙板或轻质砌块，楼（屋）面采用复合楼板，符合建筑节能和环保的要求。钢结构的优点

AdvantagesofSteelStructuresEnergysavingandenvironmentalprotectionofsteelstructuresThewallsofsteelstructurehousesoftenusenewlightweightcompositewallpanelsorlightweightblocks,andthefloor(roof)surfaceusescompositefloors,whichmeettherequirementsofbuildingenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionThesteelstructurewalladoptsanewtypeoflightweightcompositewallpanel钢结构节能、环保美国911世贸中心废墟钢材建成的美国纽约号军舰钢结构加工制造过程中产生的余料和碎屑,以及废弃和破坏了的钢结构或构件,均可回炉重新冶炼成钢材重复使用。钢结构的优点

AdvantagesofSteelStructuresEnergysavingandenvironmentalprotectionofsteelstructuresSurplusmaterialsanddebrisgeneratedduringthemanufacturingprocessofsteelstructures,aswellasabandonedanddamagedsteelstructuresorcomponents,canbereturnedtothefurnaceforresmeltingintosteelforreuseTheUSSNewYork,builtfromsteelfromtheruinsoftheWorldTradeCenteronSeptember11th,USA钢结构的施工方式为干式施工可避免混凝土湿式施工所造成的环境污染。钢材被称为绿色建筑材料或可持续发展的材料。钢结构的优点

AdvantagesofSteelStructuresTheconstructionmethodofsteelstructureisdryconstructionAvoidingenvironmentalpollutioncausedbywetconcreteconstructionSteelisknownasgreenbuildingmaterialsorsustainabledevelopmentmaterials钢结构工程的缺点Disadvantagesofsteelstructuralengineering耐腐蚀性差在没有腐蚀性介质的一般环境中，钢结构经除锈后再涂上合格的防腐涂料后，锈蚀问题并不严重。但在潮湿和有腐蚀性介质的环境中，钢结构容易锈蚀，需要定期维护，这就增加了维护费用。钢结构的缺点PoorcorrosionresistanceDisadvantagesofSteelStructuresInageneralenvironmentwithoutcorrosivemedia,thecorrosionproblemofsteel

structuresisnotseriousafterrustremovalandapplyingqualifiedanti-corrosioncoatings.However,inhumidandcorrosiveenvironments,steelstructuresarepronetorustingandrequireregularmaintenance,whichincreasesmaintenancecosts.南京大胜关长江大桥特选用双峰HDPE护套,及在拉索内填充具有水汽隔绝,阻蚀防腐和润滑抗磨双重作用的防腐填充物。钢结构的缺点耐腐蚀性差DisadvantagesofSteelStructuresPoorcorrosionresistanceSpeciallyselectedbimodalHDPEsheathandfilledwithanti-corrosionfillingmaterialwithdualfunctionsofwatervaporinsulation,corrosionresistance,corrosionprevention,andlubricationandwearresistanceinthecableNanjingDashengguanYangtzeRiverBridge南京大胜关长江大桥我国已研究生产出耐腐蚀钢并应用于工程结构。钢结构的缺点耐腐蚀性差PoorcorrosionresistanceChinahasresearchedandproducedcorrosion-resistantsteelandappliedittoengineeringstructuresNanjingDashengguanYangtzeRiverBridge耐火性差2001年9月11日年美国世贸中心大楼钢材虽为非燃烧体，但当温度达到300℃以上时,强度逐渐下降，达到600℃时,强度几乎为零。钢结构的缺点DisadvantagesofSteelStructuresPoorfireresistanceAlthoughsteelisanoncombustiblematerial,itsstrengthgraduallydecreaseswhenthetemperaturereaches300℃orabove,andreachesalmostzerowhenthetemperaturereaches600℃.September11,2001,WorldTradeCenterBuilding,USA低温脆裂碳钢的塑性随温度的变化曲线钢结构在低温条件下，可能发生脆性断裂。负温度区，钢材的塑性随温度降低而变差。钢结构的缺点DisadvantagesofSteelStructuresLow-temperatureembrittlementSteelstructuresmayundergobrittlefractureunderlowtemperatureconditionsInthenegativetemperatureregion,theplasticityofsteelbecomesworsewiththetemperaturedecreasing.Temperaturedependentplasticitycurveofcarbonsteel低温脆裂泰坦尼克号沉船事故钢材的冷脆性，即在-40℃~0℃的温度下，钢材的力学行为由韧性变成脆性，从而导致灾难性的脆性断裂。钢结构的缺点DisadvantagesofSteelStructuresLow-temperatureembrittlementThecoldbrittlenessofsteelreferstothemechanicalbehaviorofsteelchangingfromtoughnesstobrittlenessattemperaturesrangingfrom-40℃to0℃,leadingtocatastrophicbrittlefracture.Titanicsinkingaccident装配式钢结构特点优点轻快好省轻质高强（跨越更大跨度，承受更大荷载；工业化程度高（结构体系化、工厂化、标准化、模数化），工期短（工厂化生产：自动化、机械化；现场机械安装)；材性好；抗震性能好；密封性好；耐热性好；耐久性好；易于拆装；可回收再利用；节能、节材、节水、节地取材，对环境破坏小，材料可重复使用，属于生态建筑。缺点易腐蚀不耐火需定期维护，增加了维护费用；低温脆性断裂有特殊防火要求时需要有保护措施；严寒地区要特别注意。DisadvantagesofSteelStructuresadvantagedisadvantageeasycorrosionNonfirer