2025年高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解议论文（原题版）

专题09阅读理解议论文

目录

题型综述2

解题攻略3

题型01主旨大意题3

题型02细节理解题5

题型03推理判断题6

题型04词义猜测题9

高考练场

♦题型简介

高考英语阅读理解议论文，通常围绕某一观点、现象或问题展开论述，作者通过摆事实、讲道理，运用

逻辑推理来阐明自身看法，说服读者接受其观点。文章往往结构清晰，包含论点、论据与论证过程，选

材涉及社会热点、教育理念、科技发展争议、文化现象剖析等诸多领域，旨在考查学生对复杂文本的理

解、分析及批判性思维能力。

♦命题类型

>主旨大意题：要求提炼文章核心论点，常以"What'sthemainideaofthepassage?"这类问句出现，选

项可能是对全文中心思想的精准概括，也可能是过于宽泛、片面的干扰表述。

>细节理解题：针对文中论据、支撑性事例或特定关键信息设题，题目会明确指向文章某一处，如

("Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsabout...istrue?”,考查学生捕捉精准细节的

能力。

>推理判断题：需依据文章现有论述、语气倾向推测隐含意义、作者态度，题干表述多为“Whatcanbe

inferredfromthepassage?",答案并非原文直白呈现，要经适度推导。

>词义猜测题：聚焦文中超纲词、熟词僻义或特定语境下有特殊含义的词汇，例如“Theunderlinedword

4XXX,intheparagraphmostprobablymeans...”,要求结合上下文破解词义谜团。

♦解题思路

•读题预判：快速浏览题目与选项，圈出关键信息，像主旨题中的“mainidea”、细节题里的专有名词

等，预判阅读重点，带着问题意识去读文章。

•通读抓论点：首次通读，定位文章开头段，多数议论文在此点明主题、抛出论点；同时留意各段首

句，它们常起承上启下、引出分论点的作用，梳理出全文论述脉络。

•定位找论据：碰上细节、词义类题目，依据题目关键词，精准回文定位，在定位段落中细读上下文，

借助因果、对比、举例等逻辑关系锁定答案，比如出现"forexample"后的内容大概率是在解释前面

论点，对理解词义、补充细节很关键。

•推理重逻辑：面对推理题，紧扣文章已知观点、事实，杜绝过度臆想，分析作者用词褒贬、论证走向

来判断态度倾向；梳理段落、句子间的逻辑链条，像因果推导、让步转折后的语义走向，让推理有理

有据。

•核查避陷阱：选完答案后，代入原文再次核查，看选项是否契合全文主旨、对应细节是否无误，警惕

偷换概念、无中生有、以偏概全这类常见陷阱选项。

02解题攻略

题型01主旨大意题

提分秘籍

^311门1

♦关注文章的苴屎用范：议论文的王旨通常出现在文堂的开头或结尾。苔段往往提出论点或问题

，联殳则总结观点或前班论。

♦MI住主题韧状键词：主题句是累括文宣主旨的关键.在阅读过程中.要注意段落中的主题句

以及文章中反复出现的关健词。

♦综合各段大意，归纳空结：如果文意没有明确的主题句，可以先籍括督一段的大意，然后综合

各段内容，归纳出文章的中心思想，

典例剖析

（23-24高三上・江苏扬州•期末）

“Womanreadingbook,underanightsky,dreamyatmosphere,9,1typeintoDeepDreamGenerator'sText2

Dreamfeature.Inlessthanaminute,animageisreturnedtomeshowingwhatI'vedescribed.

WelcometotheworldofAIimagegeneration,whereyoucancreatewhatonthesurfacelooksliketop-rank

artworkusingjustafewtextprompts（提示）.Butcloserexaminationshowsoddities.Thefaceofthewomaninmy

imagehasveryoddfeatures,andappearstobeholdingmultiplebooks.And,whilethere5saninitialthrillatseeing

animageappear,there?snocreativesatisfaction.

AIimagegenerationcouldinfluenceeverythingfromfilmtographicnovelsandmore.Children's

illustratorswerequicktoraiseconcernsaboutthetechnology.TheysayAi-generatedartistheexactoppositeof

whatartisbelievedtobe.Fundamentally,artisallabouttranslatingsomethingthatyoufeelinternallyinto

somethingthat

existsexternally.Whateverformittakes,trueartisaboutthecreativeprocessmuchmorethanit'saboutthefinal

piece.Andsimplypressingabuttontogenerateanimageisnotacreativeprocess.

Beyondcreativity,therearedeeperissues.Tocreateimagesfromprompts,AIgeneratorsrelyondatabases

ofalreadyexistingartandtext.Thiscouldleadtothecreationofimagesthatareintentionallymeanttoimitatethe

styleofotherartists,withouttheiragreement.ThereisanargumentthatAIgeneratorsworknodifferentlyto

humanswhenitcomestobeinginfluencedbyothers9work.However,ahumanartistisalsoaddingemotionand

nuance侈田微差另U）intothemix.AIdoesn'tdothesame——itcanonlycopy.

TheincreasinguseofAIwillalsoleadtoadevaluing（贬低）oftheworkofartists.There9salreadya

negativeprejudicetowardsthecreativeindustry.Peoplewillbegintothinkthattheir"work"isasexcellentasthat

createdbysomeonewhohasspentacareermakingart.Ifsnonsense,ofcourse.Youcanuseyourmobilephoneto

takeanicepictureofyourdaughter,butyouarenomatchforprofessionals.

7.WhatisParagraph4ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.ThestylesofhumanartworksandAIones.

B.Humanartists'influenceonAIgenerators.

C.DifferentmeansusedinhumanandAIartcreation.

D.Thedrawbacksofdrawingfromexistingartandtext.

8.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthelastparagraph?

A.Artisthemirroroflife.B.Romeisnotbuiltinaday.

C.Nomancandotwothingsatonce.D.Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover.

题型02细节理解题

提分秘籍

□口回

♦U1论点八寻论据：阅读议论文时，要抓住作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的

结论。这些论点和论据是理斛文章细节的关键，能够帮助考生快速定位到相关信息

♦注重文宣结构，理清文直照：把握文立的论证结构，如“提出问题一分析问题一

解决问题”或“论点一论据一

典例剖析

（23-24高三上•湖南娄底•期末）

Recently,Iwaswalkingwithsomeparentswhenwecameacrossafive-poundnotelyingontheground.We

stoodarounditforamoment,abitawkwardly,untilsomeonesuggestedputtingitonanearbybench.Thenoneof

theparentsremarkedthatwe'dprobablyhavebehaveddifferently-thatis,wewouldhavejusttakenthemoney

一hadwebeenalone.

Thisrelatestoaclassicquestioninstudiesofhumangenerosity:dowebehavemoreselfishlywhenwe

aren'tbeingobserved?Thedebategoesonacrossthepsychologicalandbiologicalsciences,aswellasinpopular

culture,aboutwhetherkindnesscanexistinacompetitiveworld.

YomKippurisaJewish（犹太人的）religiousholidaywhenJewishpeoplefastandaskforforgivenessfor

thewrongsthey'vecommitted.OneofthepointsofYomKippuristobehavebetterregardlessofwhoiswatching.

There9sanevolutionarybeautytotheteachingsofYomKippur,whicharetheproductsofthousandsofyearsof

culturalchangesandevolution.

TheMaasaipeopleofKenyapracticeosotua:relationshipsbetweenpeoplethatoperatebasedonneed.

Whensomeoneformsanosotuarelationshipwithanother,theyenterintoanunwrittencontracttohelptheir

partnerintimesofneed.Andhunter-gatherergroups,whichcanrepresentthecircumstancesourspeciesevolved

in,havemanysimilarexamples.

Culturalevolutionhelpstoexplaintheexistenceandcomplexityofthesesystems.Culturalchangesarefar

fasterthanbiologicalevolution,allowingintelligentspecieslikehumanstodevelopbehavioraladaptationsfor

managingcomplexsocialenvironments.Osotua,oranyotherpracticethathelpstomaintaingoodtreatmentof

othersinsociety,istheresultoftensofthousandsofyearsofculturaltrialanderror.Thecustomspasseddown

overtimearethosethathelpustodevelopasculturalgroups.

Thestudyofthosechangeshashelpedustounderstandhowwesuccessfullyspreadaroundtheworldas

cooperativegroups.Biologicalevolutionhashelpedhumansbemorecooperative,butculturalchangeshave

acceleratedthisprocess.

Culturalevolutionhelpsustoovercomeourselfishnatures.Trytounderstandrulesbeforeyouignorethem

一andnexttimeyoufindafiverontheground,youmightthinkabouttheawkwardsituationyourdiscovery

represents.

13.Whatmadetheparentsfeelabitawkward?

A.Thedifficultysharingthemoney.

B.Thedifficultyfindingtheownerofthemoney.

C.Thethoughtofputtingthemoneyonthebench.

D.Thethoughtofkeepingthemoneyforthemselves.

15.Howisbiologicalevolutiondifferentfromculturalevolution?

A.Itevolvesmuchslower.B.Ittakesmuchlesstime.

C.Itisamorecomplexprocess.D.Itmakeshumansmorecooperative.

题型03推理判断题

提分秘籍

□□□囱

♦以事出为依据，曲।冽H推理：推理判断题要求考生根据文章中的事实信息，通过逻辑推

理得出结论。要注意区分事实与观点，确保推理过程符合文章的逻辑关系.

♦体会文章语言招点，把据作看写作态度：理解作者的观点和态度是进行推理判断的基础。

有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确表达出来的，需要考生认真体察和分析。

♦关注文章中的总含信息：推理判断题往往考查文章中隐含或深层的含义.考生需要关注

。音由心棕羟适姆啮佥青甲笠外悯中。1S字邑金▽.

典例剖析

（23-24高三上•河北石家庄・期末）

WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosing

struggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeen

inprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeter-minestowriteabook.

Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.Thatformerprisoner

wasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:why

dosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?

We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnottalkingabout

thosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningon

growingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecialization

andthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,

theopportunitiesareeverywhere.

Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswe

can'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenever

goingtoloveusanideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.

Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitisto

havemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomething

largerthanourownlittleegos（自我），whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.

Manyofusequate（视...等同于）“commitment“withsuch“caring“occupationsasteachingandnursing.

Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuch

excellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastoremaketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekind

ofpeopletheyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.

1.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat.

A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativity

B.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoal

C.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfate

D.disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess

2.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?

A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.

B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.

C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.

D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.

3.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?

A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.

B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.

C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.

D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.

4.Whatistheauthor9spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.

B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.

C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.

D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.

题型04词义猜测题

提分秘籍

丽前i

♦利用上下文语境：通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测生词施语的含义。上下文

提供的语境线索是推断词义的关键，

♦注意词义的多义恒和购配：一个词可能有多个义项，要结合上下文选及最合适的词义。同时注

意词与词之间的搭配习惯，如固定搭配，习惯用法等。

♦借断语法知识：根据句子结构和语法关系来判断词义.例如，通过句子成分.从句关系等来推

新词义.

典例剖析

（23-24高三上•广东东莞•期末）Themushroomingvideoscreensinbuses,taxisandapartmenthallsin

citieslikeShanghaiaretakingawayouralreadyrareresource:aplaceforamomentofpeace.Takinganapor

readingabookonbusesislesspleasantnow,astheLCDscreensbroadcastnews,entertainmentand

advertisementsatunbearablevolumes.

Youpaythebusfaresimplytogetaride-undisturbed-butnowyouareexposedtothis“addedvalue”,

whetheryoulikeitornot.Ififsacrowdedbus,thenoiseisevenmoreexasperating.MoreandmoreChinesecities

havejoinedShanghai,regardedasthefirsttoputvideoscreensonbuses,disturbingmillionsofpassengers.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exasperating“inParagraph2mean?

A.Entertaining.

B.Encouraging.

C.Disappointing.

D.Annoying.

典例剖析

（23-24高三上•广东深圳•期末）First-yearcollegestudentsoftenareexpectedorrequiredtolivein

dormitories.Intherestyears,it'susuallyuptothosestudentstodecidewhethertoliveonoroffcampus.

Atfirstglance,off-campushousingcanappearlessexpensive.Buttheadditionalexpensesoutsideofrent一

likeutilities,groceries,Internetaccess,cableandfurniture-areoftenoverlooked.Toreduceoff-campuscosts,

somestudentschoosetoooerpackhousesorapartments,sometimeswithfourorfivepeopleinatwo-bedroom

house.Unlikeoff-campushousing,thetotalcostoflivingoncampusistypicallyall-inclusive,covetingrent,

utilities,furniture,Wi-Fiandamealplan.

19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"overpack“inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Overlook.B.Overconsume.C.Overestimate.D.Overload.

Q03，高考练场

（2024年新课标高考英语I卷C篇）

Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoand

viewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstoboth

questionsareoften"no”.Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,an

entertainmentmindset（心态）andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.

Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit'son

paperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularly

shinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks-likeidentifyingthemainideainareading

passage-toonesthatrequirementalabstraction-suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.

Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper'sphysicalproperties.

Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoften

linktheirmemoryofwhatthey'vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.

Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled"shallowing

hypothesis《爱说）”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,

whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.

Audio（音频）andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothese

technologies——say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologists

havedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoor

viewidenticalpieces.

Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailablein

print.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn't

assumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough“inparagraph2mean?

A.Seemunlikelytolast.B.Seemhardtoexplain.

C.Becomereadytouse.D.Becomeeasytonotice.

29.Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?

A.Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly.B.Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.

C.Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly.D.Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.

30.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?

A.Theycanholdstudents*attention.B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.

C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills.D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext.

31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?

A.Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.

B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.

C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.

D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.

（2024年新课标高考英语甲卷D篇）

“Ididn'tliketheending,1saidtomyfavoritecollegeprofessor.Itwasmyjunioryearofundergraduate,and

IwasdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature.IhadjustfinishedreadingTheMillontheFlossby

GeorgeEliot,andIwasheartbrokenwiththeending.Prof.Gracie,withallhispatience,askedmetothinkaboutit

beyondwhetherIlikeditornot.HesuggestedIthinkaboutthedifferencebetweenendingsthatIwantedforthe

charactersandendingsthatwererightforthecharacters,endingsthatsatisfiedthestoryeveniftheydidn'thavea

traditionallypositiveoutcome.Ofcourse,IwouldhavepreferredadifferentendingforTomandMaggieTulliver,

buttheendingtheygotdidmakethemostsenseforthem.

Thiswasanahamomentforme,andIneverthoughtaboutendingsthesamewayagain.Fromthenon,ifI

wantedtoreadanendingguaranteedtobehappy,I'dpickupaloveromance.IfIwantedanendingIcouldn,t

guess,rdpickupamystery（悬疑4、说）.OnewhereIkindofknewwhatwasgoingtohappen,historicalfiction.

Choosingwhattoreadbecameeasier.

Butwritingtheend-thafshard.Ifshardforwritersbecauseendingscarrysomuchweightwithreaders.

Youhavetobalancecreatinganendingthat'sunpredictable,butdoesn'tseemtocomefromnowhere,onethatfits

whafsrightforthecharacters.

Thafswhythisissue（期）ofWriter'sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingfor

whateverkindofwritingyou'redoing.Ififsshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdownsixtechniquesyoucan

trytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelsto

seewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.

Thisissuewon,ttellyouwhatyourendingshouldbe-thafsuptoyouandthestoryyou5retelling-buit

mightprovidewhatyouneedtogetthere.

12.WhydidtheauthorgotoProf.Gracie?

A.Todiscussanovel.B.Tosubmitabookreport.

C.Toargueforawriter.D.Toaskforareadinglist.

13.WhatdidtheauthorrealizeafterseeingGracie?

A.Writingisamatterofpersonalpreferences.

B.Readersareoftencarriedawaybycharacter.

C.Eachtypeofliteraturehasitsuniqueend.

D.Astorywhichbeginswellwillendwell.

14.Whatisexpectedofagoodending?

AItsatisfiesreaders9taste.B.Itfitswiththestorydevelopment.

C.Itisusuallypositive.D.Itisopenforimagination.

15.WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?

A.Togiveexamplesofgreatnovelists.B.Tostressthethemeofthisissue.

C.Toencouragewritingforthemagazine.D.Torecommendtheirnewbooks.

（2024年北京卷英语真题）

Thenotionthatweliveinsomeoneelse9svideogameisirresistibletomany.Searchingtheterm"simulation

hypothesis”（模拟假说）returnsnumerousresultsthatdebatewhethertheuniverseisacomputersimulation一a

conceptthatsomescientistsactuallytakeseriously.Unfortunately,thisisnotascientificquestion.Wewill

probablyneverknowwhetherifstrue.Wecan,instead,usethisideatoadvancescientificknowledge.

The18th-centuryphilosopherKantarguedthattheuniverseultimatelyconsistsofthings-in-themselvesthat

areunknowable.Whileheheldthenotionthatobjectiverealityexists,hesaidourmindplaysanecessaryrolein

structuringandshapingourperceptions.Modernscienceshaverevealedthatourperceptualexperienceofthe

worldistheresultofmanystagesofprocessingbysensorysystemsandcognitive（认知的）functionsinthebrain.

Nooneknowsexactlywhathappenswithinthisblackbox.Ifempirical（实证的）experiencefailstorevealreality,

reasoningwon'trevealrealityeithersinceitreliesonconceptsandwordsthatarecontingentonoursocial,cultural

andpsychologicalhistories.Again,ablackbox.

So,ifweacceptthattheuniverseisunknowable,wealsoacceptwewillneverknowifweliveina

computersimulation.Andthen,wecanshiftourinquiryfrom“Istheuniverseacomputersimulation?”to"Can

wemodeltheuniverseasacomputersimulation?”Modellingrealityiswhatwedo.Tofacilitateour

comprehensionoftheworld,webuildmodelsbasedonconceptualmetaphors（隐喻）thatarefamiliartous.In

Newton'sera,weimaginedtheuniverseasaclock.InEinstein's,weuncoveredthestandardmodelofparticle（粒

子）physics.

Nowthatweareintheinformationage,wehavenewconceptssuchasthecomputer,information

processing,virtualreality,andsimulation.Unsurprisingly,thesenewconceptsinspireustobuildnewmodelsof

theuniverse.Modelsarenotthereality,however.Thereisnopointinarguingiftheuniverseisaclock,asetof

particlesoranoutputofcomputation.Allthesemodelsaretoolstodealwiththeunknownandtomakediscoveries.

Andthemoretoolswehave,themoreeffectiveandinsightfulwecanbecome.

Itcanbeimaginedthatcomparabletotheprocessofbuildingpreviousscientificmodels,developingthe

""computersimulation^^metaphor-basedmodelwillalsobeahugelyrewardingexercise.

1.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodobychallengingahypothesis?

A.Makeanassumption.B.Illustrateanargument.

C.Giveasuggestion.D.Justifyacomparison.

2.Whatdoesthephrase'"contingenton“underlinedinParagraph2probablymean?

A.Acceptedby.B.Determinedby.C.Awakenedby.D.Discoveredby.

3.AsforKant'sargument,theauthoris.

A.appreciativeB.doubtfulC.unconcernedD.disapproving

4.Itisimpliedinthispassagethatweshould.

A.comparethecurrentmodelswiththepreviousones

B.continueexploringtheclassicalmodelsinhistory

C.stoparguingwhethertheuniverseisasimulation

D.turnsimulationsoftheuniverseintorealitiesup.

（2023年全国乙卷英语真题）

Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,you

cannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,for

mostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity'slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmany

literate（有文字的）societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.

Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojust

that,butinmanycaseswesimplycan't.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryis

perhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook'svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.Fromthe

Englishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain,srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,we

haveonlyawoodenshield（盾）droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewantto

reconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyand

strictlyasthewrittenreports.

Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyor

deliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoften

haveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleof

BeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmost

powerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenwe

considercontact（联系）betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsare

necessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehaveto

readnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.

5.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.

C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.

6.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?

A.Hisreportwasscientific.B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.

C.HeruledoverBotanyBay.D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"conversation“inparagraph3referto?

A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.

8.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?

A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorldB.AShortHistoryofAustralia

C.AHistoryoftheWorldin100ObjectsD.HowArtWorksTellStories

变式演练

A

【来源】湖北省沙市中学2024-2025学年高三上学期12月月考英语试题

Therehavebeenmanyproblemswithourschoolstoday,thebiggestofwhichiscloselyrelatedtoour

culture.Ingeneral,ourculture,asrepresentedinthemedia,getsexcitedbyfamousstars,andconstantlystresses

thatifswhatyouhave,notwhatyouare,thatcounts.Parentsareencouragedtobeawayfromevenverysmall

childrenformostoftheday.Toomanyvotersgoforpoliticianswhowouldrathercutschoolfundingthantoget

ridoftaxcutsforthewealthy.Allcontributegreatlytotheproblemsofeducatingourchildren.

Today5steachershavetodealwithaculturethatisvastlydifferentthaninthepast.Theyreportthatthereis,

amongmorechildrenthanever,alackofmotivation,nodrivetosucceedoreventry.Therolemodelsthatboys

viewinthemediamostlyconsistofmenincomediesandothershowswhoarerudeandoftenextremelyimmature;

self-centeredoverpaidathletes;meninmovies,televisiondramas,videogames,etc.whoarepreoccupiedwith

violenceandpower.AsLeonardSaxwroteinBoysAdrift,"Teenageboysarelookingformodel