2025年高考英语大题突破训练：阅读理解说明文 （解析版）

大题03阅读理解说明文

》明考情-为方向反_______.

历年考情

说明文阅读理解一般作为全国卷阅谈理解中的CD篇，主要分为两种类型：实验研究和介绍说明型。说

明文是对事物的形状，性质，特征，成果或公用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章，把我所说明事物的特征

和本质是理解说明文的关键，说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法，解释法，比较法，比喻法，数字法,

图标法，引用法和距离法等。说明文的特点是客观、简洁、准确、清晰，文章很少表达作者的情感倾向。

阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事物或事理，了解事物的性质、结构、形成原因、功能；了解事物的

意义和特征等。

命题规律

说明文所选材料题材丰富多样，涉及社会、科技、文化、生活、人物、教育、生态、安全等方面。在

高考英语阅读理解中，说明文所占比重尤为突出。它既要求考生能熟练运用词汇和语法知识、理解文章语句、

把握语篇整体结构，还要求学生有大量的阅读积淀和知识储备，熟悉不同的话题和不同的题目考查方式。

即便是细节理解题，大多数情况下考生也无法从文章中直接找到与选项表述完全一致的信息，而是需要在

理解文章细节信息后作出归纳和判断。通常一套卷中主旨大意、词义猜测、写作意图/观点态度类高难度试

题的考查数量为2道左右，说明文考查此类题目的频率较高，且命题点呈多样化。

考向预测

预测2025年高考说明文阅读理解试题难度会保持相对稳定，主要考查题型仍然为细节理解题和推理判

断题为主，主旨大意题和词义猜测题为辅。

参研大题-梃能力》

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[2024全国甲卷】Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshave

distinctvocals（声音）thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookfor

shelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentire

conversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowing

toattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedand

softmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbe

fed.

Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassess

theirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplace

torelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.

Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.

That*swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon't

usuallylike.

Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfind

randomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsof

predators（食肉动物）.Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejust

doingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!

4.Whatcanbelearnedaboutcats*meowingfromthefirstparagraph?

A.It'sasurvivalskill.B.It'staughtbymothercats.

C.It'shardtointerpret.D.It*sgettinglouderwithage.

5.Howdoesapetcatassessdifferentsituations?

A.Bylisteningforsounds.B.Bytouchingfamiliarobjects.

C.Bycheckingonsmells.D.Bycommunicatingwithothercats.

6.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?

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A.Performappropriately.B.Movefaster.C.Actstrangely.D.Dobetter.

7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TipsonFindingaSmartCatB.UnderstandingYourCat*sBehavior

C.HaveFunw汕YourCatD.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy

【答案】4.A5,C6.D7,B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示

爱意。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第~■段“Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimals

havedistinctvocals（声音）thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookfor

shelter.（动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声

音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。）"和"Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeand

usesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.（猫宝宝一出生就开始口苗嘀叫，口苗口苗叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和

被喂食。厂可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyuse

theirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.（猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅

觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。）”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评

估不同情况。故选C。

【6题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句"Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,（狗以其令人印象

深亥!I的抓取习惯而闻名）”和后句"Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.（许

多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。广可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到

东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take...upanotch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做

得更好或更出色。故选D。

【7题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.（动物可以用很多方式来表达他

们的需求。）”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以

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及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“UnderstandingYourCafsBehavior（T解你的猫的行为）”作文文章标题最

为合适。故选B。

说明文阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，这就需要考生有方法有技巧地去阅读。一般我们采用

।的方法有三个：细读、略读和跳读。

I（1）细读重点。重点，就原文而言，就是文章的基本结构、内容和态度；就答题而言，就

।是问题所对应的题源句。以这个标准来衡量，需要重点阅读的原文词句就不会很多。

'宏观方面：文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句。

।微观方面：有转折处；重要标点；句子主干。

（2）有选择地略读或跳读。在快速浏览了题干，初步把握了文章大意及结构的基础上，可大胆进行略读

|或跳读，这样不但可以加快阅读速度，还更容易总体把握全文。在阅读中可略读或跳读的内容包括：

j①繁琐的例证。为了说明问题，作者可能会借用形象的例子，有时候会比较繁琐，虽能说明问题，但需

।要读者花很多时间去阅读。如果例子所说明的问题不明了，可通过略读来理解；若例子所说明的问题比较

[明了，则例子部分可一带而过。

[②并列多项列举。有时许多功能相同的项目并列列举，那么只读其中一两项即可，无需

|全读。

!③无关大局的生僻词汇。阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就

1可略过。

I®较长的人名、地名。有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字

I母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词读出来。

在略读过程中，要特别注意对解题有重要意义的词、句、段等，并将其储存在大脑里，以免回头再查

声费时费力。

【2025届河北省石家庄市第一中学高三下学期一模】Envisionafuturisticrooftopgardensoastutethatit

iscapableofdiscerningtheoptimalmomentstohoardwaterinanticipationofaridconditions,andwhentoexpel

watertoavertinundation.Now,suchintelligentroofsaretransitioningfromtherealmoffantasytorealityinthe

Netherlands.

Withasubstantialportionofthenationsituatedbelowsealevel,theNetherlandshaslongbeenacquainted

withtheperilsofflooding.Theadventofclimatechangehasusheredinaneraofmoreextrememeteorological

phenomena,includingtorrentialdownpoursandperiodsofdrought,compellingthecityofAmsterdamto

contemplatenovelstrategiesforself-preservation,anditiswithinthiscontextthatResilioemergesasapivotal

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player.

Aspertheassertionsontheirofficialwebsite,Resilioisengagedintheconstructionofblue-greenroofs

acrosstheexpanseofAmsterdam.Inconjunctionwiththelocalgovernmentalauthorities,fromtheyears2018

throughto2022,theyhaveinstalledspecializedroofingsystemsintheneighborhoodsofAmsterdamthataremost

vulnerabletotheravagesofflooddamage.

Theseroofsarecomposedofamultitudeofstrata.Paramountamongtheselayersisthewaterretentionlayer.

Duringepisodesofcopiousrainfall,thislayerservestoaccumulatetherainwaterthatwouldotherwiseinundatethe

streets,andintimesofdrought,itchannelsitsstoredwatertonourishthegardensituatedontheuppermostlayer.It

isthisparticularlayerthatdistinguishestheblue-greenroofsfromtheirconventionalgreencounterparts.Research

indicatesthatblue-greenroofspossessthecapacitytocaptureasmuchas97%ofextremerainfall,instarkcontrast

tothemere12%thatregulargreenroofscanretain.

However,whattrulysetsResilioroofsapartistheirsophisticatedsystems.Anarrayofblue-greenroofsare

interconnectedviaadigitalcommunicationnetwork,therebyenablingeachrooftobemanipulatedindependently,

respondingtothevolumeofwateramassedonthatspecificroofasthesituationdemands.Eachroofisalso

equippedwithavalvethatislinkedtoacomputerizedsystemknownastheDecisionSupportSystem(DSS).The

DSSinterfaceswithlocalweatherprognosticationstodeterminewhetherthevalveonaparticularroofshouldbe

opened,allowingwatertobedischargedinacontrolledandgradualmannerintotheseweragesystem,orwhetherit

shouldremainsealedtocollecttheimpendingrain.

TheseinnovationsarethehallmarksthatrenderResiliotrulyrevolutionary.Blue-greenroofsexemplifythat

theremediestothehazardsposedbyclimatechangenecessitateablendofcreativityandamultifacetedapproach,

operatingonvariouslevelstomitigatetheadverseeffectsofourchangingenvironment.

8.WhatmaydirectlyleadtothebuildingofResilioroofsinAmsterdam?

A.Theincreasingdisasters.B.Thecity5sfinancialsuffering.

C.Theever-risingsealevel.D.Thecity'sgeographicadvantage.

9.WhatdoweknowaboutthewaterretentionlayerofResilioroofs?

A.Theyareslowtodrought.B.Theyareabsolutelyperfect.

C.Theyserveadoublepurpose.D.Theycantrapsolarenergy.

10.WhatisthemainfunctionoftheDSSaccordingtothetext?

A.Tocollectweatherinformation.B.Tocontroltheuseofthevalve.

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C.Tohelpthesewersystemwork.D.Toconnectthedigitalnetwork.

11.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthispassage?

A.SmartroofsystemsbecomingarealityinAuckland

B.Resilioblue-greenroofsystemspreventingdisasters

C.Theworkingprincipleoftheblue-greenroofsystems

D.ThedifferencesbetweenResilioroofsandregulargreenroofs

【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰阿姆斯特丹的Resilio公司如何通过建设蓝绿屋顶系统来应

对气候变化带来的洪水和干旱问题。

8.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theadventofclimatechangehasusheredinaneraofmoreextreme

meteorologicalphenomena,includingtorrentialdownpoursandperiodsofdrought,compellingthecityof

Amsterdamtocontemplatenovelstrategiesforself-preservation,anditiswithinthiscontextthatResilioemerges

asapivotalplayer.（气候变化的到来开启了一个更极端气象现象的时代，包括暴雨和干旱期，迫使阿姆斯特丹

市考虑新的自我保护策略，Resilio在这一背景下成为关键角色）”可知，建造Resilio屋顶的直接原因是日益

增加的灾害。故选A项。

9.细节理解题。根据第四段中"Duringepisodesofcopiousrainfall,thislayerservestoaccumulatetherainwater

thatwouldotherwiseinundatethestreets,andintimesofdrought,itchannelsitsstoredwatertonourishthegarden

situatedontheuppermostlayer.（在大量降雨期间，这一层会积聚本会淹没街道的雨水，在干旱时期，它将储

存的水引导到最上层的花园中）“可知，蓄水层具有双重功能。故选C项。

10.细节理解题。根据第五段中"TheDSSinterfaceswithlocalweatherprognosticationstodeterminewhetherthe

valveonaparticularroofshouldbeopened,allowingwatertobedischargedinacontrolledandgradualmanner

intotheseweragesystem,orwhetheritshouldremainsealedtocollecttheimpendingrain.（DSS与当地天气预测

接口，以确定特定屋顶上的阀门是否应该打开，允许水以受控和渐进的方式排放到下水道系统，或者是否

应该保持密封以收集即将到来的雨水）”可知，DSS的主要功能是控制阀门的使用。故选B项。

11.主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Envisionafuturisticrooftopgardensoastutethatitiscapableof

discerningtheoptimalmomentstohoardwaterinanticipationofaridconditions,andwhentoexpelwatertoavert

inundation.Now,suchintelligentroofsaretransitioningfromtherealmoffantasytorealityintheNetherlands.（设

想一个未来的屋顶花园，它是如此精明，能够辨别出在干旱条件下储存水的最佳时机，以及何时排水以避

免洪水泛滥。现在，在荷兰，这种智能屋顶正从幻想变为现实）”可知，整篇文章都在介绍Resilio的蓝绿屋

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顶系统如何防止灾害。文章详细讨论了这些屋顶的结构、功能和创新之处。由此可知，B选项Resilioblue-green

roofsystemspreventingdisasters（防止灾害的弹性蓝绿屋顶系统）适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。

Passage(1)

[2025届河南省郑州市中原区郑州中学高三上学期12月模拟预测】Sadfishing,whichresearchers

definedintheJournalofAmericanCollegeHealthin2021,referstothetrendofexaggeratingpersonalstruggles

onlinetogeneratesympathy.Itcouldbeintheformofasadphoto,anominousquote,orapostwithafoggy

meaning.

Weallmaybeguiltyofpostingsomethingweakandemotionalonsocialmediafromtimetotime,whichisn'

tabadthing.Butpostingrepeatedlycouldbeasignofalargermentalhealthissueinteensoracryforhelp.

JournalistRebeccaReidcoinedthetermin2019afteraquestionableInstagrampostbyKendallJenner.In

thepost,Jennerdescribeda"painfulstruggle^^withacneandreceivedalargeamountofsympatheticresponses

fromherfollowers.However,itwaslaterrevealedthatherpostwasjustacomplicatedmarketingplotforher

skincarepartnershipwithProactiv,andReidlabeledherbehaviorassadfishing.

Expertssaysadfishingislikelyduetothefactthatachildorteenisstrugglingwithsomethingandwantsto

letothersknow.Inthesecases,theyoftendon'tfeeltheyhaveapersontheyfeelcomfortablewithtosharetheir

struggleswithsotheyturntothesocialmediaworld.A2023studyfoundthatteenswhoparticipatedinsadfishing

exhibitedsignsofanxietyanddepression,whilelowsocialsupportwasalargecontributingfactor.Researchers

alsofoundthatboysreported“highersadfishingtendencies^^thangirlsatage12,butthetrenddecreasedastheygot

older.Forgirls,thetrendincreasedwithage.

Researchersfoundthat,inmostcases,responsestosadfishingpostswerepositiveandhelpful.Butinsome

cases,therewerenegativeresponseswhichcouldleadtoincreasedstressoranxiety.t4Whenasocialmediapostis

unsuccessfulinseekingsympatheticresponses,itcanalsocausethepersonpostingittobemocked,"Dr.

Nissim-Matheiswarns."Especiallyifthepostisauthentic.^^Andwhileanyresponseissupportiveforachild/teen

whofeelsunseenandunheard,itmayopenthemuptoprivacyviolationsandviolentbehavior.

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28.Whafstheintentionofasocialmediauser'ssadfishing?

A.Toshareanopinion.B.Todemonstrateonlineskills.

C.Tomakeacomplaint.D.Tosatisfyanemotionalneed.

29.WhatcanweinferaboutJenner5sInstagramfollowers?

A.Theyhadlittleknowledgeofacne.

B.TheyhadtrustinProactiveproducts.

C.TheywereprobablymisledbyJenner9sstory.

D.Theywereencouragedbyonlineinformation.

30.Whatdoweknowaboutteenagers9sadfishingtrends?

A.Theypeakatage12forboys.B.Theydeclineafterage12forgirls.

C.Theygenerallydecreaseasoneages.D.Theydisappearbeforeone'sadulthood.

31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mocked“inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Calledon.B.Laughedat.C.Promoted.D.Supported.

【答案】28.D29.C30.A31.B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。针对青少年在社交平台上较为普遍的sadfishing这一现象进行了分析探讨。

28.细节理解题。根据第一段"Sadfishing,whichresearchersdefinedintheJournalofAmericanCollegeHealth

in2021,referstothetrendofexaggeratingpersonalstrugglesonlinetogeneratesympathy.Itcouldbeintheform

ofasadphoto,anominousquote,orapostwithafoggymeaning.（研究人员在2021年的《美国大学健康杂志》

上定义了“Sadfishing"，指的是在网上夸大个人挣扎以获得同情的趋势。它可以是一张悲伤的照片，一句不

祥的名言，或者一篇意义模糊的帖子。）”可知，对于在社交平台上发布sadfishing帖子的人来说，他们的主

要目的就是激起其他网民对自己的同情，满足自己情绪上的需求。故选D项。

29.推理判断题。根据第三段“Inthepost,Jennerdescribeda""painfulstruggle^^withacneandreceivedalarge

amountofsympatheticresponsesfromherfollowers.However,itwaslaterrevealedthatherpostwasjusta

complicatedmarketingplotforherskincarepartnershipwithProactiv,andReidlabeledherbehaviorassadfishing.（

在帖子中，Jenner描述了与座疮的“痛苦斗争”，并得到了她的粉丝的大量同情回应。然而，后来被揭露，她

的帖子只是一个复杂的营销阴谋，是她与Proactiv的护肤合作，里德称她的行为是sadfishing。）”可知，Jenner

发布的有关自己治疗座疮的虚假内容收到了很多粉丝们的同情回复。由此可推断，她的这些粉丝们很可能

被Jenner的故事误导。故选C项。

30.细节理解题。根据第四段“Researchersalsofoundthatboysreported'highersadfishingtendencies9thangirls

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atage12,butthetrenddecreasedastheygotolder.（研究人员还发现，在12岁时，男孩比女孩有“更高的

sadfishing倾向”，但随着年龄的增长，这种趋势会减弱。）”可知，根据调查，男孩在12岁时具有最高的sadfishing

倾向，然后此倾向会随着年龄增长逐渐减少。故选A项。

31.词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Researchersfoundthat,inmostcases,responsestosadfishingpostswere

positiveandhelpful.Butinsomecases,therewerenegativeresponseswhichcouldleadtoincreasedstressor

anxiety."'Whenasocialmediapostisunsuccessfulinseekingsympatheticresponses,itcanalsocausetheperson

postingittobemocked,Dr.Nissim-Matheiswarns.（研究人员发现，在大多数情况下，对sadfishing帖子的回

应是积极和有益的。但在某些情况下，负面反应可能会导致压力或焦虑增加。尼西姆-马蒂斯博士警告说：“当

一篇社交媒体帖子未能获得同情回应时，它也可能导致发帖者被mocked。可知，在大多数情况下，对

sadfishing帖子的回应是积极和有益的，但当一个帖子在社交平台上不能带来同情的回复时，会引起消极的

反应，故推知，它的发布者可能会被嘲笑。由此可推断，画线词与Laughedat意思一致。故选B项。

Passage（2）

【2025届黑龙江省“六校联盟”高三上学期联合适应性考试】EngineersatPrincetonUniversityhave

measuredthecoolingbenefitsofasimplesolutionforbeatingurbanheat:reflectingsunlightbackfromwhereit

camebyequippingbuildingwallsandroadwaysinurbancenterswithretroreflective（反光的）materials.

“Withclimatechangeandtheincreasingfrequencyandpersistenceofextremeheatevents,morepeoplein

theU.S.diefromextremeheatthanfromanyotherweather-relateddisaster-heatkillsmorethantornadoes,

tsunamis,andhurricanescombined,9,saidElieBou-Zeid,professorofcivilandenvironmentalengineering.

Severaltechnologieshavebeenraisedtofightagainsttheissueofurbanoverheating,includingcool

pavementsandroofcoatings.However,whensunlighthitsthesecoolingtechnologies,itcanbekickedbackinany

numberofdirectionsinsteadofinonefocuseddirection,whichmeansthathighlyreflectivematerialscouldhavean

oppositeresultifappliedbecausesunlightcouldbereflectedontotheground,walls,andeventhepassers-by.

""Actually,retroreflectivematerialsarealreadyusedintransportation,wheretheyarecommonlyfoundin

roadsignsandpainttoimprovenighttimevisibility,butanimportantquestionishowefficientwecanmakethem

andwhetherwecanengineerthemtohavetheperformanceswewant,^^saidJyotirmoyMandal,assistantprofessor

ofcivilandenvironmentalengineering.

Unlikecommonhighlyreflectivematerials,retroreflectorscanreflectincomingsunlightwithlimited

scattering（散射）.Consequently,mostsunlighthittingaretroreflectoronabuildingwallorcitystreetwouldbe

directedbackinthesamedirectionitcamefrom-andoutoftheurbancanyon.Inthisway,theretroreflectorscan

9/39

releasethesunlightthatwouldotherwisebestuckintheurbancanyonandexacerbatetheurbanoverheating

problem.

Ultimately,theywanttocreateasetofguidelinesforpolicymakers,planners,andmaterialsengineers.Ifyou'

reanurbanplanner,forexample,andyouknowthelatitudeofyourcity,thewidth-heightratioandthedirectionof

yourstreets,youcaneasilyusetheirresultstopickthesuitablesurfacesforapplyingtheseretroreflectivematerials

andestimatethecoolingbenefitsyoumightreceiveindoingso.

8.WhatmayElieBou-Zeidwarnpeopleofinparagraph2?

A.Thefrequencyofnaturaldisasters.B.Thieurgencyofkeepingpeoplecool.

C.Theunpredictabilityofclimatechange.D.Thenecessityoftemperaturemonitoring.

9.Whatisthelimitationofcurrentcoolingtechnologies?

A.Influenceuponthecity'sappearance.B.Disturbanceoftheviewofpasses-by.

C.Productionofsomethingpoisonoustohumans.D.Inabilitytocontrolthedirectionofreflectedlight.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exacerbate“inparagraph5probablymean?

A.Relieve.B.Cause.C.Intensify.D.Address.

11.Whatisprobablythefinalgoaloftheengineers?

A.Toincreaseurbangreenspaces.B.Topersonalizereflectivematerials.

C.Tosimplifyexistingbuildingdesigns.D.Toreducecostsofconstructionmaterials.

【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了普林斯顿大学工程师测量用反光材料反射阳光以缓解城市热岛效

应的降温效果，分析了现有降温技术的局限，阐述了反光材料的优势及工程师的最终目标。

8.推理判断题。根据第二段中ElieBou-Zeid的话“Withclimatechangeandtheincreasingfrequencyand

persistenceofextremeheatevents,morepeopleintheU.S.diefromextremeheatthanfromanyotherweather

relateddisasterheatkillsmorethantornadoes,tsunamis,andhurricanescombined（随着气候变化以及极端高温

事件发生频率和持续时间的增加，美国死于极端高温的人数比死于任何其他与天气相关灾害的人数都多

—高温造成的死亡人数比龙卷风、海啸和飓风加起来还多）”可知，极端高温造成了很多人死亡，情况十分

危急，由此可推断出，ElieBou-Zeid是在警告给人们降温的紧迫性。故选B项。

9.细节理解题。根据第三段中"However,whensunlighthitsthesecoolingtechnologies,itcanbekickedbackin

anynumberofdirectionsinsteadofinonefocuseddirection,whichmeansthathighlyreflectivematerialscould

haveanoppositeresultifappliedbecausesunlightcouldbereflectedontotheground,walls,andeventhepassers

10/39

by.（然而，当阳光照射到这些降温技术时，它可以被反射到任意方向，而不是集中在一个方向上，这意味着

如果使用高反射材料，可能会产生相反的效果，因为阳光可能会被反射到地面、墙壁，甚至行人身上）”可知,

目前的降温技术不能控制反射光的方向。故选D项。

10.词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“Inthisway,theretroreflectorscanreleasethesunlightthatwouldotherwise

bestuckintheurbancanyon...（通过这种方式，反向反射器可以释放原本困在城市峡谷中的阳光...）“可知，

阳光原本会被困在城市峡谷中，进而加剧城市过热问题，故划线词exacerbate的意思是“加居与intensify

同义。故选C项。

11.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ultimately,theywanttocreateasetofguidelinesforpolicymakers,planners,and

materialsengineers.Ifyou'reanurbanplanner,forexample,andyouknowthelatitudeofyourcity,thewidth

heightratioandthedirectionofyourstreets,youcaneasilyusetheirresultstopickthesuitablesurfacesfor

applyingtheseretroreflectivematerialsandestimatethecoolingbenefitsyoumightreceiveindoingso.（最终，他彳门

想为政策制定者、规划者和材料工程师制定一套指导方针。例如，如果你是一名城市规划师，并且你知道

你所在城市的纬度、街道的宽高比和方向，你可以很容易地利用他们的研究结果来选择适合应用这些反光

材料的表面，并估算这样做可能获得的降温效果）”可知，工程师们的最终目标是根据不同城市的具体情况，

为不同的表面选择合适的反光材料，也就是使反光材料个性化。故选B项。

Passage（3）

【2025届山东省日照市高三下学期一模】Everytimewemakeanewvideoorsendanemail,orposta

photoofourlatestmeal,ifsliketurningonasmalllightbulb（灯泡）that'11neverbeturnedoff.Thispointstoan

uncomfortableandextremelymodernquestion:Tohelpsavetheplanet,shouldwebeusinglessdata?Givenhow

muchofmodernlifedependsondigitaldata,theanswercouldbeakeyaspecttolivingnoblyintheAIage.

Whydopostsproducecarbonatall?WhenyousendapostonMoments,itgoesalongachainof

energy-burningelectronics.YourWi-Firoutersendsthesignalalongwirestothelocalexchange-theboxonthe

streetcomer-andfromtheretoatelecomscompany,andfromtheretohugedatacentersoperatedbythetech

giants.Eachofthoserunsonelectricity,anditalladdsup.

Today,about400millionhomesworldwidehaveatleastone"smart“device-curtains,electriccookers,

refrigerators,andpads.By2028,thatfigureisexpectedtonearlydouble.Weare,inotherwords,beingtakenintoa

worldwhereit'shardertodoanythingwithoutturningonadigitallightbulb.Thisputseco-consciousconsumersin

abind.Afterall,whowouldliketobesomeonethatcan'tgettheirinformationproperlybecausethey'retoobusy

keepingthecarbonfootprintoftheirsearchesdown?

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Intheabsenceofsystemicchange,worryingoverourindividualdata-usagedecisionsis“liketryingtohold

backafloodwithabucketandspade（铁铲）Still,there?ssomethingwecando.Whenwefaceadigitaldecision,

thelessdata-thirstyoptionwilloftenbethesmarterone.Blockingthird-partytrackingwhenwe'reontheweb,for

example,notonlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofinternetbrowsing;it'salsogoodforyourprivacy.More

fundamentally,maybewedon'tneedtoturneverythingintodata.IfIputdownmyphonethenexttimeI'mona

train,itwon'tsavetheplanet.ButI'llbelookingoutthewindowwithmyowneyes,creatingamemorythat

releasesnocarbonatall.

8.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutdatausage?

A.Itisenergy-consuming.

B.Itiseasyandconvenient.

C.Itsnegativeeffectsareignored.

D.Itsbenefitsareunderestimated.

9.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph2?

A.Toentertain.B.Toinform.

C.Topersuade.D.Toinspire.

10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“inabind^^meaninparagraph3?

A.Atrisk.B.Ataloss.

C.Atease.D.Atadisadvantage.

11.Whatdoestheauthoremphasizeconcerningcarbonreductioninthelastparagraph?

A.Theremovalofdigitaldata.

B.Thepromotionofecotourism.

C.Thevalueofpersonalcontribution.

D.The