浙京津鲁琼专版2025版高考英语大二轮复习专题二阅读理解第四节主旨大意题二文章或段落大意题学案新人教版

PAGEPAGE1二、文章或段落大意题(2024·6月浙江，C)Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s，accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素)．Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests，thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected，fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry，thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent；inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline，saidPatrickMcIntyre，anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(资源)．ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010，McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded，takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall，airtemperature，dampnessofsoil，andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪)．Sincethe1930s，McIntyresaid，thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures，whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair，andearliersnowmelt，whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.语篇解读文章主要讲解并描述了美国加利福尼亚州的森林中大树急剧削减的现象，并分析了其缘由。27．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theseriousnessofbig­treelossinCalifornia.B．TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C．ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D．TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.答案A解析段落大意题。依据其次段中“Thenumberoftrees...declinedby50percent...morethan55percent...75percent”提到的数字可知，该段主要描述了加州森林中大树急剧削减的严峻性，故选A项。28．Whichofthefollowingiswell­intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A．Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B．Banningwoodcutting.C．Limitinghousingdevelopment.D．Firecontrolmeasures.答案D解析推理推断题。依据第三段中的“Aggressivewildfirecontrol..petewithbigtreesforresources(资源)．”可知，大张旗鼓的森林防火措施虽然肯定程度上爱护了森林，但同时也导致小树泛滥，与大树争抢资源，从而导致大树数量削减，故选D项。29．WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A．Inadequatesnowmelt.B．Alongerdryseason.C．Awarmerclimate.D．Dampnessoftheair.答案C解析细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中的“Sincethe1930s，McIntyresaid...havebeenrisingtemperatures...reducesthewatersupply”可知，McIntyre认为水资源短缺的主要缘由是渐渐上升的气温，故选C项。30．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．California’sForests：WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B．CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC．WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D．PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia答案A解析标题归纳题。依据全文可知，文章主要讲解并描述了美国加州森林中大树数量急剧下降的现象，并分析了其缘由。因此A项能很好地概括全文。一、题型解读说明文、记叙文、争论文三种文体涉及的多种话题如社会文化类、人物故事类、科普说明类，都会考查文章大意类题。设问形式常有：(1)Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthis/thepassage/text?(2)Whatdoesthetext/passagemainlyfocuson?(3)Thepassage/textismainlyabout.(4)Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageis.(5)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson.二、解题技巧——“主题句定位”寻主旨文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，详细段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解详细段落中心的基础上的。找出每段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显的主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就须要进一步加工概括。视察全文的结构支配，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细微环节。主题句的位置一般有以下几种：(1)主题句出现在文首。开宗明义，提出主题，用细微环节来说明或拓展主题句所表达的主题思想，是最常见的演绎法写作方式。新闻报道、说明文或争论文通常采纳这种写法。(2)主题句出现在文末。在表述细微环节后，归纳要点以概括主题，是最常见的归纳法写作方式。(3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结束时再次点出主题。(4)主题句出现在中间。写作方式为：细微环节描述——归纳主题——进一步说明。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：(2)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(3)作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。(4)表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等词。例如：【真题感悟】中第27题。依据其次段中“Thenumberoftrees...declinedby50percent...morethan55percent...75percent”提到的数字可知，该段主要描述了加州森林中大树急剧削减的严峻性，故选A项。A(2024·河北衡水中学押题卷二)Astheparentofa7­year­oldboy，sometimesIfeellike“no”ismymost4frequentlysaidword.ButifIlookhonestlyatthebig6pictureofmydailyvocabulary，Iprobablywouldconcludethatitactuallycontainstoomuch“yes”．Sayingyesmeansopeningmyselfuptonewexperiences，invitingnewordeeperrelationships.Buttoomuch“yes”leavesanyofusfeelinganxious，overcommitted(过分受约束的)andpowerlesstosetand1maintainboundariesinourlives.ThishadbeenonmymindwhenTheBookofNo：365WaystoSayItandMeanIt—andStopPeople­PleasingForevercameacrossmydesk.Theneweditionofthisdecade­oldbookbypsychologistSusanNewmanisamust­readbookforthoseofuswhostruggletosay“no”withauthenticity，confidenceandkindness.Newmancallspeoplewhofeelforcedtosayyesalltheirwaythroughlife“people­pleasers”．Thechiefsymptomsofthisconditionincludeassociatinghelpingotherswithyourself­respect，holdingexpectationsthatyouwillcareforothersandfeelingunwillingtostateyourownneedswhenarequestcomesyourway.Forpeople­pleasers，“yesisthepathofleastresistanceandthewaytoavoiddamagingyourrelationshipwiththeasker，”Newmanwrites.8Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesforhundredsofscenariosinwhich“no”istherightanswer，forreasonsrangingfromtimemanagementtofinancialpressurestoemotionalboundaries.Newmanconsiderswhatcameaboutamongfriends，atwork，withinfamiliesandinparenting.Readingthroughthescenarios，Irealizedtheyhavesomethingsincommon—thingsthatimmediatelystartedhelpingmeimprovemy“no”skills.Doyouthinkthisbookmightbehelpfultoyou？It’sOKiftheansweris“no”，butIdohighlyrecommenditforyourPositiveReadingListshelf.语篇解读在日常生活中，说“是”意味着让自己接受新的体验，迎接新的或更深层次的关系。但是，太多的“是”会让我们感到焦虑、过分受约束、无力在生活中设定和维持界限。本文建议我们学会用主动的方式说“不”。1．WhydoestheauthorincludehisownpersonalexperienceinParagraph1?A．Toblamehimself.B．Toshowhowtoguidekids.C．Totellhislikesanddislikes.D．Tohelprecommendabook.答案D解析推理推断题。依据第一段最终一句“Buttoomuch‘yes’leavesanyofusfeelinganxious，overcommitted(过分受约束的)andpowerlesstosetandmaintainboundariesinourlives.”和其次段内容可知，作者在第一段中包含了他自己的个人经验是为了举荐一本书。故选D。2．WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph3?A．Howtodealwitharequest.B．Whyaskersturntoothersforafavor.C．Whypeople­pleaserssay“yes”toooften.D．Howtostrengthenrelationshipswithaskers.答案C解析段落大意题。依据第三段中的“Newmancallspeoplewhofeelforcedtosayyesalltheirwaythroughlife‘people­pleasers’．”和“Forpeople­pleasers，‘yesisthepathofleastresistanceandthewaytoavoiddamagingyourrelationshipwiththeasker，’Newmanwrites.”可知，第三段主要谈论的是“为什么取悦别人的人总是说‘是’”。故选C。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scenarios”inPara.4probablymean?A．Occasions. B．Processes.C．Adventures. D．Stories.答案A解析词义揣测题。依据倒数其次段中的“Newmanconsiderswhatcameaboutamongfriends，atwork，withinfamiliesandinparenting.(Newman考虑了挚友、工作、家庭和哺育子女之间的关系。)Readingthroughthescenarios，Irealizedtheyhavesomethingsincommon—thingsthatimmediatelystartedhelpingmeimprovemy‘no’skills.”(通过阅读这些场景，我意识到他们有一些共同的事情，这些事情马上起先帮助我提高我的“不”技能。)可知画线词的意思是“场合，场景”。故选A。4．Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodo?A．Givenoresponsetoanydemand.B．Learntosay“no”inapositiveway.C．Keepopenallchannelsofcommunication.D．Say“yes”constantlywithoutfeelingguilty.答案B解析推理推断题。依据最终一段“Doyouthinkthisbookmightbehelpfultoyou?It’sOKiftheansweris‘no’，butIdohighlyrecommenditforyourPositiveReadingListshelf.”可知，作者建议我们学会用主动的方式说“不”。故选B。B(2024·山西高校附中模拟)BluePlanetⅡ’slatestepisodefocusesonhowplasticishavingadisastrouseffectontheoceanandslowlypoisoningourseacreatures.ResearchersrecentlyalsofoundthatseacreatureslivinginthedeepestplaceonEarth，theMarianaTrench，haveplasticintheirstomachs.Indeed，theoceansaredrowninginplastic.Thoughitseemsnowthattheworldcouldn’tpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics，consumerplasticsarearemarkablyrecentinvention.Thefirstplasticbagswereintroducedinthe1950s；thesamedecadethatplasticpackagingbegangaininginpopularityintheUnitedStates.Thisgrowthhashappenedsofastthatscienceisstillcatchingupwiththechange.Plasticspollutionresearch，forinstance，isstillaveryearlyscience.Weputalltheseplasticsintotheenvironmentandwestilldon’treallyknowwhatthe5outcomesaregoingtobe.Whatwedoknow，though，is2disturbing.Oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarineanimalseveryyear.Nearly700species，includingendangeredones，areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Oneinthreeleatherbackturtles，whichoftenmistakeplasticbagsforjellyfish，havebeenfoundwithplasticintheirbellies.Ninetypercentofseabirdsarenoweatingplasticsonaregularbasis.By2050，that7figureisexpectedtoriseto100percent.Andit’snotjustwildlifethatisthreatenedbytheplasticsinourseas.Humansareconsumingplasticsthroughtheseafoodweeat.Icouldunderstandwhysomepeopleseeoceanplasticasadisaster，worthmentioningtothesamedegreeasclimatechange.Butoceanplasticisnotascomplicatedasclimatechange.Therearenooceantrashdeniers(否认者)，atleastsofar.Todosomethingaboutit，wedon’thavetoremakeourplanetenergysystem.Thisisnotaproblemwherewedon’tknowwhatthesolutionis.Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodispose(处理)ofit.Weknowhowtorecycle.Wecanallstartbythinkingtwicebeforeweusesingle­useplasticproducts.9Thingsthatmayseemordinary，likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebag—whentaken3collectively，thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了《蓝色星球Ⅱ》的最新一集关注的是塑料如何对海洋产生灾难性影响，如何渐渐毒害我们的海洋生物。探讨人员最近还发觉，生活在地球上最深处——马里亚纳海沟的海洋生物的胃里有塑料。的确，海洋被塑料沉没了。5．Whyisplasticspollutionresearchstillaveryearlyscience?A．Theplasticspollutionresearchistoodifficult.B．Plasticshaveproducedlesspollutionthancoal.C．Theworldcouldn’tpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics.D．Plasticshavegainedinpopularitytoofastforsciencetocatchup.答案D解析细微环节理解题。依据其次段内容可知，虽然现在看来，没有塑料世界是不行能运转的，但消费塑料却是最近才独创的。第一个塑料袋是在20世纪50年头问世的，就在塑料包装在美国起先流行的那十年里，塑料包装的数量增长得如此之快，以至于科学仍在跟上这一改变。例如，塑料污染探讨仍旧是一门特别早期的科学。由此可知，塑料普及得太快了，科学跟不上。故选D。6．HowdidtheauthorsupporthisopinioninParagraph3?A．Bystatistics.B．Byquotationsfromleadingexperts.C．Byusingexamplesfromhisownexperience.D．Bycomparisonandcontrast.答案A解析推理推断题。依据第三段介绍：我们把全部这些塑料投入到环境中，但我们仍旧不知道会产生什么结果。然而，我们所知道的是令人担心的。据估计，海洋塑料每年会杀死数百万的海洋动物。据了解，包括濒危生物在内的近700种物种已被证明受到影响。有三分之一的棱皮龟胃里都有塑料制品，它们常常把塑料袋误认为水母。目前，90%的海鸟常常吃塑料制品。到2050年，这一数字有望上升到100%。由此可知，作者是通过统计的方法来支持自己的观点的。故选A。7．Whatcanweinferaboutclimatechange?A．Climatechangeiscausedbyhumanactivities.B．Somepeopleholdsomedoubtsaboutclimatechange.C．Climatechangeislessimportantthanoceanpollution.D．Oceanplasticismorecomplicatedthanclimatechange.答案B解析推理推断题。依据第四段中的“Icouldunderstandwhysomepeopleseeoceanplasticasadisaster,worthmentioningtothesamedegreeasclimatechange.Butoceanplasticisnotascomplicatedasclimatechange.Therearenooceantrashdeniers(否认者),atleastsofar.(我可以理解为什么有些人把海洋塑料视为灾难，这和气候改变一样值得提及。海洋塑料不像气候改变那么困难。没有海洋垃圾否认者，至少到目前为止是这样)”可推知，有些人对气候改变持怀疑看法。故选B。8．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．Oceanplasticisaglobalissue.B．Theoceansbecomechokedwithplastic.C．BluePlanetⅡhasleftviewersheartbroken.D．Plasticsgaininpopularityallovertheworld.答案B解析主旨大意题。文章介绍了塑料如何对海洋产生灾难性影响，如何渐渐毒害我们的海洋生物。探讨人员最近还发觉，生活在地球上最深处——马里亚纳海沟的海洋生物的胃里有塑料。的确，海洋被塑料沉没了，由此可知，文章大意讲塑料充斥着海洋。故选B。Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并依据句意揣测画线部分的意思1．Partofmyjobistomaintainagoodrelationshipwithoursuppliers.维持2．I’velookedupalotofinformationaboutsmokingandI’vefoundoutsomedisturbingfacts，includingsomedeathcases.令人困扰的(二)同义词语替换4．Theresearchshowedthatstudentswhofrequentlytextduringclassarelesslikelytoachievetheiracademicgoals.often5．ItookpartinanEnglishcompetitionafewweeksagobutunexpectedly，theoutcomewasdepressing.result/consequence(三)一词多义6．picturen．图片；照片v．想象，设想；描绘(1)Ican’tpicturehimskiing.Heissoclumsyinhissuits.v.想象(2)Speechisthepictureofthemind.n.图片7．figuren．数字；体形，身材；人物；雕像，塑像；图形；人影v．计算；认为，估计(1)Accordingtothelatestfigures，itissafetoconcludethattheeconomyisgraduallyrecoveringfromthedecline.n.数字(2)IhavefiguredouthowmuchduringtheweekIspent.v.计算(3)Ifigurethatwearingasuitmakesyoulooklikeabankclerk.v.认为(4)Lisawasveryfrightenedasshesawafigureinthedarkness.n.人影(5)Itiswidelyacceptedthataslimfigureiswhatmostwomenarelongingfor.n.体形，身材Ⅱ.长难句理解8．Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesforhundredsofscenariosinwhich“no”istherightanswer，forreasonsrangingfromtimemanagementtofinancialpressurestoemotionalboundaries.[句式分析]本句为主从复合句。主句是Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesforhundredsofscenarios；inwhich引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词scenarios，inwhich相当于“where”。rangingfrom...为v.­ing短语作定语，修饰名词reasons。[精致译文]这本书供应了数百个场景的简短对话，在这些场景中，“不”是正确的答案，说“不”的缘由包括时间管理、经济压力和情感边界。9．Thingsthatmayseemordinary，likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebag—whentakencollectively，thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference.[句式分析]本句为并列句，由破折号连接。破折号之前的主干为Thingsthatmayseemordinary，like表示“例如”。破折号后面的主句为thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference,其中makeadifference表示“有重大意义，有重大影响”；whentakencollectively事实上是状语从句的省略，构成“连词＋过去分词”的结构。[精致译文]看似一般的事情，比如运用可重复运用的瓶子或可重复运用的袋子——当大家都选择这样做时，那么就会对我们的环境有重大意义。强化练(十九)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024·河南安阳二模)Wolvesstrikefearintotheheartsofmanyspecies，humansincluded.Ourfearofthemhasbroughtthemtotheedgeofdyingout，aswehavecruellykilledthemascompetitorsandtrouble­makers.Butresearchersarediscoveringthattheveryfeartheyputintoprey(被捕食者)speciesisexactlywhathelpsmakeecosystems(生态)healthy.YellowstoneNationalParkisatypicalexampleofjusthowwolvescanhelprepairanecosystem.AnOctober2024studyanalyzed40yearsofresearchonlargeanimalsinsidethepark.“Yellowstonehasbenefitedfromthereintroductionofwolvesinwaysthatwedidnotanticipate，especiallythecomplexityofbiologicalinteractions(互动)inthepark，”explainedMarkBoyce，aprofessorintheDepartmentofBiologicalSciences.“Wewerereallysurprisedatthatandwe’dneverhaveseentheseresponsesiftheparkhadn’tadoptedecological­processmanagement—allowingnaturalecologicalprocessestotakeplacewithleasthumanintervention.”Afterthewolveswerere­introducedatYellowstone，willowandcottonwoodtreesincreasedinnumber.Thepopulationofbearsandbisonalsoroseandwhatwasoncearulingdeer­wolfinteractionisnowmorediverse.Tolearnmoreaboutjusthowwolvesarebeneficial，ashortdocumentaryfromQuestexplainshowthepresenceofwolvesinfluencesthebehaviorofdeer，whicheventuallymakesentireecosystemsmorebiologicallydiverseandhealthy.Inthisdocumentary，biologistAaronWirsingexploredwhywolvesandothertoppredators(捕食者)wereneededfordiverseecosystemstodevelop.Usingasimplevideocamera，Wirsingisgainingauniqueviewpointonpredator­preyrelationshipsandchangingthewaywethinkaboutwolves.Theresearchisonemorepieceofevidenceforwhyprotectingthesetoppredatorsisimportantnotjustforwolvesasaspecies，butforhundredsofspeciesateverylevelofanecosystem.Thefeartheybringalongmaybetheveryanglethathelpssavethemfromdyingout.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。探讨表明，人类以及其他动物对狼的恐惊对维持健康、平衡的生态系统是有益的，其中黄石公园对狼的引进就是一个典型的例子。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“anticipate”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Expect. B.Understand.C.Notice. D.Accept.答案A解析词义揣测题。依据第三段中的“Wewerereallysurprisedatthat”可知，黄石公园从狼群的重新引入中获益，其方式出乎我们的意料。故选A。2.Forwhatpurposewasashortdocumentarymade?A.Tointroducehowwolvesbehaveinthewild.B.Toshowhowwolvesbenefitfromecosystems.C.TorecordhowAaronWirsingobservedwolves.D.Tostudywhatgoodwolvescandotoecosystems.答案D解析细微环节理解题。依据第五段首句“Tolearnmoreaboutjusthowwolvesarebeneficial，ashortdocumentaryfromQuestexplainshowthepresenceofwolvesinfluencesthebehaviorofdeer，whicheventuallymakesentireecosystemsmorebiologicallydiverseandhealthy.”可知，拍摄纪录片的目的是了解狼是如何对生态有益的。故选D。3.Whatisthesignificanceoftheresearch?A.Itproveswolvesfeedonhundredsofspecies.B.Ithelpsprovetheimportanceofprotectingwolves.C.Itshowsthecomplexrelationshipsbetweenspecies.D.Itprovidesevidencethatwolvesareendangeredanimals.答案B解析细微环节理解题。依据文章末段第一句“Theresearchisonemorepieceofevidenceforwhyprotectingthesetoppredatorsisimportantnotjustforwolvesasaspecies，butforhundredsofspeciesateverylevelofanecosystem.”可知，这项探讨再次证明白为什么爱护这些食肉动物不仅对狼这个物种很重要，而且对生态系统的各个层面的物种都很重要。故这项探讨的意义在于它有助于证明爱护狼的重要性。故选B。4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thefearofwolvesisbeneficialtoecosystems.B.Thefearofwolvesputsthemindangerofdisappearing.C.YellowstoneNationalParkowesitshealthyecosystemstowolves.D.TheintroductionofwolvesinYellowstoneNationalParkisasuccess.答案A解析主旨大意题。本文主要讲解并描述了人类以及其他动物对狼的恐惊对维持健康、平衡的生态系统是有益的。故选A。BIreadanewspaperarticleaboutanewconcept.Theideaissimple，butrevolutionary(革命性的)：combiningaresidentialhomefortheelderlywithanurseryschoolinthesamebuilding.Thechildrenandtheresidents(住户)eatlunchtogetherandshareactivitiessuchasmusic，paintingandgardening.Intheafternoons，theresidentsenjoyreadingstoriestothechildrenand，ifachildisfeelingsadortired，thereisalwaysakindlaptositonandahug.Nowadaysthereislessandlesscontactbetweentheoldandtheyoung.Therearemanyreasonsforthis，includingthebreakdownoftheextendedfamily，workingparentswithnotimetocareforageingrelations，andsmallerflatswithnoroomforgrandparents.Buttheresultisthesame：increasingnumbersofchildrenwithoutgrandparentsandoldpeoplewhohavenocontactwithchildren.It’samajorprobleminmanysocieties.That’swhyinter­generational(代际的)programsaregrowinginpopularityallovertheworld.Thereareexamplesofsuccessfulactionsallovertheworld.UsingyoungpeopletoteachITskillstoolderpeopleisoneobviousexample.Usingoldpeopleasvolunteerassistantsinschoolsisanother.OnesuccessfulschemeinLondonpairsyoungvolunteerswitholdpeoplewhoarelosingtheirsight.Theyoungpeoplehelpwithpracticalthingssuchaswritingletters，readingbankstatementsandhelpingwithshopping，andtheolderpeoplecanpassontheirknowledgeandexperiencetotheiryoungvisitors.Forexample，aretiredjudgemaybepairedwithateenagerwhowantstostudylaw.Butitisn’tonlytheindividualsconcernedwhogainfrominter­generationalactivities.Theadvantagestosocietyarehugetoo.Ifolderpeoplecanunderstandandaccepttheyouthoftoday，therewillbelessconflictinacommunity.Andwecanusethestrengthsofonegenerationtohelpanother.Thenperhapsgettingoldwon’tbesosadafterall.语篇解读这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文介绍了一种新思维，即在孩子们的生活与老年人的生活之间架起一座桥梁，这样既解决了老人孤独的问题又缓解了孩子们不能被充分照看的问题，使人们一箭双雕从而满足各自的须要。5.Whydoestheauthormentionthenewspaperarticleheread?A.Toargueforanewconcept.B.Toshowhisinterestinthetopic.C.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.D.Todrawourattentiontoasocialproblem.答案C解析推理推断题。分析整篇文章可知，文章是依据“社会现象的出现→分析这种社会现象产生的缘由→代际支配胜利的实例→这种社会现象产生的主动意义”的结构绽开的，因此可推断作者提到他在报纸上读到的那篇文章是为了介绍文章的主题，这样才能引出文章的其他内容。故C选项正确。6.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thereasonswhyinter­generationalprogramsenjoypopularityintheworld.B.Theinter­generationalprograms’benefitstoindividuals.C.Theinter­generationalprogramsallovertheworld.D.Theexamplesofinter­generationalactivities.答案D解析段落大意题。通读第三段内容可知，世界各地都有代际支配胜利的例子。利用年轻人向老年人传授IT技能就是一个明显的例子。在学校里让老人做志愿者是另一个例子。伦敦有一项胜利的支配，把年轻的志愿者和失明的老年人结对。例如，一个退休的法官可能与一个想学习法律的青少年结对。由此可知，该段主要介绍了代际活动的例子。故D选项正确。7.Whatmaybethebesttitleofthetext?A.BuildingBridgesfortheOldandtheYoungB.ANewConceptinCaringfortheOldIsBornC.OfferingaWarmHomefortheYoungD.BeingOldIsNoMoreSad答案A解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一种新思维，即在孩子们的生活与老年人的生活之间架起一座桥梁，这样既解决了老人孤独的问题又缓解了孩子们不能被充分照看的问题，使人们一箭双雕从而满足各自的须要。所以短文是围围着“建立老年人和年轻人联系的桥梁”绽开的。所以A选项“建立老年人和年轻人联系的桥梁”为本文最佳标题。CCortana，Alexa，Siri.Thesearenamesofroboticvoicesthatareoftenprogrammedonelectronictablets.Theyalsobecomedefault(默认)identitiesforpeoplewithspeechdisorderswhorelyontechnologytocommunicate.Nowsomespeechscientistsaredevelopingpersonalizedvoicestoreflectthebroaderdiversityofthepeoplewhousethem.Todoit，theyaretappingintoavastnetworkofvolunteerswhoaredonatingtheirvoicestosharewithpeoplewhocannotspeak.Theefforttobuildaninternational“HumanVoicebank”hasattractedmorethan17,000volunteersfrom110countries，includingPriyankaPandya，a16­year­oldgirlfromColumbia，Md.，whoplanstospendherwintervacationrecordingastringofsentencesintohercomputer.“Tobeabletogivesomebodythegiftofvoice，Ithinkthat’sreally，reallypowerful，”shesaid.“Everyonehasavoice，”saidRupalPatel，founderofVocaliD，thecompanythatstartedthevoicebank.“Evenpeoplewhoareunabletospeakhavesoundsthatareuniquetothem.”Hercompanydesignspersonalizedvoicesbyrecordingtheuniquesoundsoftheuser，andthenmixingthemwith6to10hoursofrecordingsfromavoicedonor，matchedbyage，genderandregion.Thecompanyisdevelopingvoicesnowforitsfirst100customers.Also，people’svoicesmaychange.Thecompanyislookingfordonorswhoarewillingtorecordtheirvoices，andthenrecordthemagainafewyearslater，astheygetolder.Butsomeofthefirstcustomerssaytheyarehappywiththeresults.JohnA.GregoirewasoneofthefirstcustomerstoreceiveapersonalizedvoicefromVocaliDlastDecember.ThevoicecameeightyearsafterhedevelopedALS(肌萎缩侧索硬化症)andmorethansixyearssincehisvoicebecameunintelligibletoeveryoneexcepthiswifeandyoungestson.“Havingadistinctivevoiceislikegettingsomethingbackthatwasstolen，”Johnsaid.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。VocaliD公司创建了“人类声音银行”HumanVoicebank，旨在利用志愿者的声音和高科技帮助语言障碍者拥有自己独特的声音。8.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthevoicebank?A.Itcollectsallkindsofvoices.B.Itgainsstrongpublicsupport.C.Ithelpstorecognizespecialvoices.D.Itofferspeoplepersonalizedvoicesfree.答案B解析推理推断题。依据其次段第一句中的“Theefforttobuildaninternational‘HumanVoicebank’hasattractedmorethan17,000volunteersfrom110countries...”可知，建立国际“人类声音银行”的努力已经吸引了来自110个国家的一万七千多名志愿者，故可推知声音银行项目获得了公众的大力支持。9.TheexampleofJohnA.Gregoireisgiveninthetexttostress.A.customers’desireforpersonalizedvoicesB.VocaliD’seffortstodeveloppersonalizedvoicesC.customers’satisfactionwithpersonalizedvoicesD.VocaliD’ssuccessindesigningpersonalizedvoices答案C解析推理推断题。依据第四段最终一句“Butsomeofthefirstcustomerssaytheyarehappywiththeresults.”和第五段最终一句“‘Havingadistinctivevoiceislikegettingsomethingbackthatwasstolen，’Johnsaid.”可知，本文举约翰的例子是为了证明顾客对收到的定制声音感到满足。10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unintelligible”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Unclear. B.Soft.C.Incomplete. D.Rough.答案A解析词义揣测题。依据画线词前的“hedevelopedALS(肌萎缩侧索硬化症)”和文中的关键信息“peoplewithspeechdisorders”“peoplewhocannotspeak”“peoplewhoareunabletospeak”以及最终一段的内容可知，约翰由于患上了肌萎缩侧索硬化症，渐渐地丢失了清晰表达的实力，他的声音除了他的妻子和最小的儿子以外，其他人都听不懂。故此处画线词与A项的意思最为接近。11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.VocaliDisdevotedtobuildingavoicebank.B.VolunteersdonatetheirvoicestoVocaliD.C.TheHumanVoicebankhelpspeoplewithspeechproblems.D.TheHumanVoicebankwinsfameamongspeechlesspeople.答案C解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲解并描述了VocaliD公司创建的“人类声音银行”，其主要利用志愿者的声音和高科技帮助语言障碍者拥有自己独特的声音，故选C项。Ⅱ.七选五(