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模块3形容词和副词形容词定义形容词是用来说明人或事物特征、性质或状态的词形容词的用法及词义辨析1(1)作定语,放在名词之前,复合不定代词(something,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody等)或复合不定副词(somewhere,anywhere等)之后。结构示例adj.+名词aninterestingbook,an

8-year-old

girl,复合不定代词/不定副词+adj.There’ssomethinginterestinginthenewspaper.He’dliketolivesomewherequiet.(2)作表语,常跟在系动词之后。常见系动词词有:一是(be),二似乎(seem,appear),三保持(keep/stay/remain),四变(get,turn,become,go),五感官(look,sound,taste,smell,feel)(3)作宾补,跟在宾语之后,常用于“动词(keep,make,leave,find,feel,think等)+宾语+形容词”结构中。常用于下面句型:①keepsth+adj.②makesb+adj.

③find/feel/thinkit+adj.+todosth(4)形容词作主语或宾语“定冠词the+形容词”表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。常见的形容词有good,bad,rich,poor,young,old,deaf,blind,dead等。

Theoldaretakengoodcareofinthiscommunity.在这个社区,老年人被照顾得很好。Hesetupaschoolforthedeafandthedumb.

他创办了一所聋哑学校。(2)-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别形容词用法举例tiring

boringexciting

interesting指事物对人的影响,常用来修饰物,主语一般是物Hefeltexcitedafterwatchingtheexcitingfilm.看完这部令人兴奋的电影后,他感到兴奋。tired

boredexcited

interested指人对事物的感受,主语一般是人常见的结对词如下:amazing/amazed

boring/bored

confusing/confused

exciting/excitedsurprising/surpriseddisappointing/disappointed

interesting/interested

moving/moved

puzzling/puzzledtiring/tiredsatisfying/satisfied(3)与形容词相关的一些特殊句型①Itis+形容词+todosth.“做某事是……的”★Itis+形容词(形容词是描写事物特性的词,如easy,difficult,important,pleasant,possible等)+(forsb.)+todosth.“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”。★Itis+形容词(形容词是描述人物性格特征的词,如nice,kind,brave,polite/clever/lazy/careful/foolish等)+ofsb.+todosth.“某人做某事是……的”。②…find/think/makeit+形容词+todosth.“……发现/认为/使做某事是……的”。如:Ifounditmeaningfultohelpothersinneed.我发现帮助其他有需要的人很有意义。③“too+adj.+todosth.”/“adj.+enough+todosth.”/

太……而不能做某事/足够……做某事/如此……以至于……Sheistooweaktowalkfarther.她太虚弱,不能再走更远了。Themoneyisnotenoughformetobuythiscar.

这些钱不够我买这辆车。※句型转换:He

is

too

young

to

go

to

school.他太小了,还不能去上学。=Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.=Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.⑤so+形容词+that从句/such(+形容词)+名词+that从句,

“如此……以至于……”。如:Hewassolazythathewasfiredverysoon.他太懒了,以至于很快就被解雇了。Itwas_______agooddaythatwewentoutforapicnic.=Itwas________goodadaythatwewentoutforapicnic.suchso2.副词的用法(2024,2022语法选择考)(1)副词的一般用法副词指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词,一般充当状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词,此外还可修饰整个句子。(2)副词的位置位置举例①方式副词修饰不及物动词,通常放在被修饰的动词后面;修饰及物动词时,一般放在宾语后面It’srainingheavilynow.现在正在下大雨。Shelistenstotheteachercarefully.她认真听老师讲课。位置举例②程度副词或频率副词一般放在动词前面Shenearlyrealizedherdreamlastyear.她去年几乎就要实现她的梦想了。Itoftenrainsinourhometown.在我们家乡,经常下雨。③程度副词修饰形容词或副词,一般放在被修饰词前面(enough除外)Mr.Liisverystrict.李老师很严格。Hecan’trunfastenough

tocatchupwiththetrain.他的奔跑速度不足以快到能够追上火车。④及物动词+副词及物动词+副词+名词=及物动词+名词+副词pickuptheapple=picktheappleup及物动词+代词+副词(代词要放中间)pickitup,writeitdown,throwthemawayenough修饰形容词、副词时要后置Lucyisbraveenoughtomakefriendswithothers.(3)副词的分类类别举例①时间副词ago,before,already,now,just,soon,then,yet,ever,once,still,late,lately,recently②地点副词here,there,in,out,back,home,nearby③程度副词very,much,only,quite,too,so,nearly,enough,fairly,pretty,really,completely④疑问副词when,where,how,why⑤方式副词quickly,slowly,carefully,loudly,strongly,happily,suddenly,successfully,safely⑥频率副词always,usually,often,sometimes,never,seldom,hardly3.形容词变成副词的规律变化规律举例①直接加-ly构成quick→__________,careful→__________,sudden→_________②以辅音字母加le结尾的词,去e加-yterrible→_________simple→__________;③以辅音字母加y结尾的词,改y为i,再加-lyheavy→__________④其他变化true→________,full→_________⑤形容词与副词同形fast,early,hard,high,straight等注意:daily,lovely,friendly,lonely,ugly,likely等是形容词,不是副词。quicklycarefullysuddenlyterriblyheavilytrulyfullysimply(

)1.—Hi,youlook_______.Whyareyousohappytoday?—Canyoubelieveit?IhavejustmetMissZhou,myfirstteacher!A.excited

B.exciting

C.excite(

)2.—Billyusedtobeshyandquiet,butheisveryoutgoingnow.—Yes.Weareall_______athischanges.A.surprise

B.surprised

C.surprisingBA(

)3.—Doesyourbrotherplaycomputergames?—No,he_______playsthem.Healwaysreadsbooks.A.sometimes

B.often

C.never(

)4.Icould_______understandwhathewassayingbecauseit’s_______tofollowaquickspeaker.A.hard;hardlyB.hard;hard

C.hardly;hard(

)5.Yesterday,LinTao’sspeechonhowtobeagoodvolunteerwas_______wonderfulthatwecouldn’tstopcheeringforhim.A.soB.veryC.tooACC

形容词、副词辨析(编者按:重要考点,词义辨析主要在完形填空中考查,考查的形容词类型涉及状态类、情感情绪类、人物性格类等;考查的副词主要是以-ly结尾的副词。由于本书篇幅有限,不能收集更多形容词、副词辨析的练习,同学们一定要在平时的练习中建立自己的错题本,将易混的形容词、副词分类整理好。)1.常考形容词归纳种类举例状态类true,terrible(8年2考),weak(8年2考),simple,important(2024考),fresh,public,quick,full(8年2考),normal,quiet,popular(2022

&

2023考,8年3考),similar,strange(8年2考),useful,long(8年2考),short(8年2考),thick,thin,ugly,empty,dirty,large,dark,comfortable,rich(8年2考),easy,wide,favourite,right(2021考),past,future(2021考),recent,present,lucky(2023考)一、形容词的用法:1.作定语:

+

+_______2.作表语:

+____________3.作宾补:________________________☆注意:形容词-ed和-ing的区别:

表人的感受;

表事物性质和特征二、方式副词的用法:1.

+副词2.副词+形容词Hewas_________ill.(bad/badly)adj.n.不定代/副词adj.系动词adj.make/keep+

n.+adj.find/make/thinkitadj.todo

-ed

-ing行为动词badlylistencarefully种类举例情感情绪类afraid(8年2考),cheerful(2023考),angry(8年2考),satisfied,nervous(8年2考),bored,interested,crazy,worried,proud(8年2考),relaxed,lonely,surprised,tired,moved(2022考)人物性格类strict,brave,friendly,patient,honest,active,kind2.常考以-ly结尾的副词归纳Ccrazily疯狂地carelessly粗心地completely完全地clearly清晰地Eexcitedly兴奋地Ffoolishly愚蠢地finally最终(2023考)Hhonestly诚实地Llazily懒散地luckily幸运地lightly轻微地,轻轻地Nnervously焦虑地Ppeacefully安详地probably大概proudly自豪地Qquickly迅速地Rreally真正地Ssadly悲伤地(8年5考)

safely安全地silently悄悄地,无声地suddenly突然surprisedly惊讶地simply简单地seriously认真地(2021考)Uusually通常地(4)too,also,either辨析同这三个词作副词用时,都含有“也”的意思。异too只能用于肯定句中,一般放在句尾。also只能用于肯定句中,放在句中。either只能用于否定句中,一般放在句尾。练习①SuMengisinRow1.I’minRow1,

.

②Chinesetake-awayfoodis

popular.

③Wedon’tlikethesamecolours,

.

either

also

too

(6)hard,hardly辨析

hard作形容词,“艰苦的”;作副词,“努力地,猛烈地”,如:hardwork(艰苦的工作),workhard(努力工作)。hardly不是hard的副词形式,而是另外一个词,意为“几乎不”。练习①Heworks

.

②He

listenedtome.

hardly

hard

(9)instead,insteadof辨析

instead“代替”,只能单独使用,常位于句首或句尾。insteadof“代替”,是短语介词,后面要接名词、动名词、代词或介词短语。练习①Sheisverytired.Letmego

.

②Shallwehavefish

eggstoday?

insteadof

instead

(16)interesting,

interested,interest辨析interesting形容词,“有趣的”,常用来形容物。interested形容词,“感到有趣的”,常用来形容人的感觉。常用词组:beinterestedin对……感兴趣。interest名词,“兴趣,爱好”;动词,“使某人感兴趣”。练习①Thefilmseems

.It

me.Iwanttoseeittomorrow.

②Mybrotherhasmany

.Heis

inbasketballmost.

interested

interests

interests

interesting

(17)pleased,pleasant,pleasure辨析pleased形容词,“感到高兴的”。常用词组:bepleasedwith对……感到高兴/满意。pleasant形容词,“令人愉快的”。如:apleasantholiday一个愉快的假期。pleasure名词,“愉快”。常用词组:withpleasure十分乐意。练习①We’reall

withthenews.

②Itisa

dinner.

③—Thankyouforyourdinner!

—It’smy

.

pleasure

pleasant

pleased

(18)surprise,surprised,surprising辨析surprise作名词时,表“惊奇”。常用词组:insurprise惊奇地;toone’ssurprise使某人惊奇的是。作动词时,表示“使……惊奇”。surprised形容词,“感到惊奇的”。常用词组:besurprisedatsth./besurprisedtodosth.惊讶于做某事。surprising形容词,“令人惊奇的”。如:Thesurprisingnewssurprisedme.这个令人惊讶的消息使我惊奇。练习①Helookedatmein

.

=Heis

tolookatme.

②Tomy

,hefailedinthiscontest.

③What

news!Heisstillalive.Thenews

us.

surprised/surprises

surprising

surprise

surprised

surprise

一、完形填空基础练(单项填空)(

)1.Insummer,thetreesweplantedintheschoolare_______withgreenleaves.A.thickB.softC.clearD.light(

)2.—Yourgrandpaclimbedthehillso_______thatIcouldn’tkeepupwithhim.—Hetakesexerciseeveryday.A.quicklyB.difficultlyC.patientlyD.differentlyAA(

)3.Davidisreally_______afterthe1000-meterrace,sohehastotakearest.A.worriedB.boredC.tiredD.sad(

)4._______butsurelywe’remakingprogress.Everysmallstepforwardbringsusclosertoourdream.A.HappilyB.CarefullyC.SlowlyD.Lively(

)5.Theroadisvery_______aftertheheavyrain.Driversarewarnedtodrivecarefullytoavoidaccidents.A.emptyB.dangerousC.beautifulD.dirtyBCC比较级和最高级Youknowthebedfeels________;Sleepinghere___________;YouknowIdreamincolourAnddothethingsIwant;Youthinkyougotthe___________ofme;Thinkyouhadthelastlaugh;Betyouthinkthateverything_________isgone;Thinkyouleftmebrokendown.ThinkthatI’dcomerunningback;Babyyoudon’tknowme;causeyou’redeadwrong;Whatdoesn’tkillyoumakesyou___________;Standalittletaller;Doesn’tmeanI’m_________whenI’malone.Whatdoesn'tkillyoumakesafighter

Footstepseven___________alonebestgoodstrongerlonelylighterwarmer写出下列词语的比较级和最高级形式。1.long

_

2.slow

_

3.nice

4.late

_

5.big

_

6.hot

7.fat

_9.easy

10.happy

_

11.careful

fatter

fattest

hotter

hottest

bigger

biggest

later

latest

nicer

nicest

slower

slowest

longer

longest

morecareful

themostcareful

happier

happiest

easier

easiest

单音节形容词和副词①一般单词在词尾加-er,-est构成②以字母e结尾(e不发音),直接加上-r,-st③重读闭音节结尾,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-er,-est④辅音字母+y结尾双音节词要变y为i,再加-er,-est多音节和双音节形容词和副词①一般要在形容词和副词前加more或most构成比较级、最高级形式(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good(好的)/well(健康的)_________________bad(坏的)/ill(有病的)/badly(坏地;严重地)____________________many/much(多的)____________________little(少的;小的)____________________far(远的)____________________old(年纪大的)____________________betterbestworseworstmoremostlessleastfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestolder/elderoldest/eldest比较等级变化口诀

比较级要变化,一般词尾加⁃er。词尾若有哑音e,直接加r就可以。

一辅重读闭音节,辅音字母要双写。辅音字母加y,要把y改i。

最高级加⁃est,前面加the莫忘记。形容词副词若是多音节,只把more,most前面写。

形容词、副词原级的用法(2024,2022语法选择考)句型含义举例A+谓语动词+as+原级+as+B(2024语法选择考)表示A、B两者程度相同JimisrunningasfastasBruce.Theyareneckandneck.吉姆和布鲁斯跑得一样快。他们旗鼓相当。A+谓语动词的否定式+as/so+原级+as+B表示“A不如B……”Luckily,theweatherisnotso/asbadasyesterday.幸好天气没有昨天那样糟。句型含义举例倍数+as+原级+as表示倍数Thistreeisthreetimesastallasthatone.这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。(形容词原级)有表示程度的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时(2022语法选择考)很,十分,非常,足够地Theboyistooyoung.那个男孩太小了。(

)1.—Lucy,I’mpoorinEnglish.Couldyougivemesomeadvice?—Youcanspeakitas_______aspossible.A.muchB.moreC.most(

)2.—Isyourhairas_______asMary’s?—No,itisn’t.Hersis_______thanmine.A.long;longB.longer;longC.long;longerCA

形容词、副词的比较级的用法(2023,2020语法选择考)比较级表示两者之间的比较,常见句型如下:

句型举例(1)“A+谓语动词+比较级+than+B”表示“A比B……”。HerunsmuchfasterthanTom.他比汤姆要跑得快得多。(2)在比较级前用much,even,still,alot,alittle,abit等词修饰,表示加强语气。Hedidhishomeworkmuch

morecarefullythanher.他做家庭作业要比她仔细得多。句型举例(3)“A+谓语动词+比较级+than+anyother+单数名词(+介词短语)”,或者“A+谓语动词+比较级+than+theother+名词复数(+介词短语)”表示“A比其他任何人或物都……”,有“A是最……”的意思。(2023语法选择考)Xi’anislargerthananyothercityinShaanxi.=Xi’anislargerthantheothercitiesinShaanxi.西安比陕西的其他任何城市都大。(4)“A+谓语动词+the+比较级+ofthetwo+…”,表示“A是两者中较……的”。Heisthemorecareful

ofthetwoengineers.他是两名工程师中较细心的一个。句型举例(5)“比较级+and+比较级”,或“moreandmore+多音节形容词或副词”表示moreandmore+多音节形容词或副词“越来越……”。Winteriscomingandthedaysaregettingcolderandcolder.(6)“the+比较级,the+比较级”,表示“越……,就越……”。Theharderyouwork,thebettergradesyouwillget.(7)“A+谓语动词+less+原级+than+B”,表示“A不如B……”。Ithinkpopmusicislessbeautifulthanclassicmusic.我认为流行音乐没有古典音乐那么动听。【拓展知识】比较级前面一般没有定冠词the,但遇到以下句型时要用the。如:Heistheheavierofthetwoboys.他是两个男孩子中更重的那个。Lilyistheclevererofthetwins.莉莉是双胞胎中更聪明的那个。(

)1.—UncleWang,couldyoutellmethesecretofyourgoodhealth?—Inmyview,_______vegetablesand_______meat.A.less;lessB.more;moreC.more;less(

)2.Todayismuch_______thanyesterday.Nice!A.coolB.coolerC.thecoolestBC(

)3.Royisagreatdancer.Hedances_______thanothers.A.beautifullyB.morebeautifullyC.lessbeautifully(

)4.Goodluckbelongstohard-workingpeople._______youwork,theluckieryouwillbe.A.TheharderB.HarderC.ThehardestAB(

)5.—Whodoyouthinkwillwintherace,BoborTom?—ItmustbeBob.Ithinkheruns_______.A.fas

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