2024-2025学年下学期高中英语选修四第四单元B卷

选修四Unit4B卷

完形填空(共1小题)

1.(2022秋•鄂州期中)Alottery(彩票)winnerinKentuckywonasix-figurejackpot(头奖).However,

shewasn'ttheonlyonewho(1)一shecelebratedherwinby(2)giftcardsatalocal

store.

CrystalDunnofLouisvillewonthegame's$146,351.74progressivejackpot.nIsawthatanddidn*tbelieve

it(3),"Dunntoldthelotteryboard.HIneverthoughtIwouldwinsomethinglikethis,butthisgoesto

showitcan(4)，Hshecontinued.

DunntraveledtotheheadquartersoftheKentuckyLotteryCorporationto(5)herjackpoton8

July.Aftertaxes,she(6)acheckfor$103,909.73.Dunnsaidshe(7)tousethemoney

tobuyacarandpayoffbills.Butshemadeit(8)thatshewouldspreadalittle(9)before

shereturnedhomewithherwinnings.

ShestoppedbyMeijer一asupercenterstorechaininKentucky一to(10)apartofher

jackpot.Dunnpurchased$2,000ingiftcardsandhandedthemoutto(11).

"Manywereexcited,butafewwere(12),thinkingIwaswantingsomething(13)，

“Dunnreportedlytoldthelotteryboard."Igota(n)(14)giftandIbelieveinpayingitforwardand

Iwanttopassitalong,"shecontinued.HActually,sharingiscaringandgivingismore(15)than

receiving.I*veworkedhardforeverythingI'vehad.Thisisaprettyamazinggift.'1

(1)A.triedB.benefitedC.workedD.learned

(2)A.takingoutB.givingawayC.payingoffD.turningdown

(3)A.finallyB.regularlyC.formallyD.actually

(4)A.happenB.appearC.displayD.improve

(5)A.checkB.collectC.raiseD.search

(6)A.foundB.wroteC.receivedD.demanded

(7)A.plannedB.requestedC.managedD.imagined

(8)A.seriousB.easyC.possibleD.clear

(9)A.energyB.happinessC.patienceD.information

(10)A.shareB.leaveC.refuseD.divide

(11)A.readersB.workersC.shoppersD.teachers

(12)A.thankfulB.confidentC.delighted0.surprised

(13)A.bychanceB.atonceC.onpurposeD.inreturn

(14)A.simpleB.unexpectedC.common0.impossible

(15)A.practicalB.difficultC.rewardingD.available

阅读理解(共2小题)

2.(2022•杭州模拟)Shouldyousharegoalsorkeepthemprivate?You'llfindconflictinganswersifyouturnto

Google.Somesaysharinggoalscannotliveuptoone*sexpectationsbecauseyou'llfeelrewardedbefore

actuallydoinganythingtoachievethem.TheArabshaveforcenturiesvoicedasimilarmessageintheproverb

"themoreyousurroundyourcandle,themoreitremainslit".Morerecently,theideabecamewidespreadin

2010withaTEDtalktitled"Keepyourgoalstoyourself'.

"Inmostcasesyougetmorebenefitfromsharingyourgoalthanifyoudon't-aslongasyoushareitwith

someonewhoseopinionyouvalue,“HowardKleintoldOhioStateNews.Kleinandhiscolleaguesconducted

severalstudiesongoal-sharing.Inone,theresultsshowedthatworkingadultsfrequentlydosharegoalsandare

morelikelytobecommittedtoachievingthosegoalswhenthey'resharedwithpeoplewhoareperceivedtobeof

higherstatus.

Asecondstudyinvolved171undergraduatestudentswhowereaskedtoplayagame.Afterthefirstround,the

studentswereaskedtoplaythegameagain,butthistimetheyhadtosetagoal.Theresearchersseparatedthe

studentsintothreegroups.Foronegroup,thestudentshadtosharetheirgoalswithalabassistantwhowasdressed

inasuitandintroducedhimselfasadoctoral-levelstudentinthebusinessschoolwhowasanexpertonthe

topic.Foranothergroup,thelabassistantwasacasuallydressedmanwhoidentifiedhimselfasastudentatalocal

communitycollege.Athirdgroupwasn'taskedtosharetheirgoalswithanyone.

Theresultsshowedthatpeoplewhosharedtheirgoalswiththehigh-statuspersonnotonly-showedhigher

commitmenttoachievingthegoal,butalsoperformedbetterinthegame.Meanwhile,thetwoothergroups

showedsimilarcommitmentandperformance.Kleinsaid,"Youwanttobededicatedandunwillingtogiveup

onyourgoal,whichismorelikelywhenyousharethatgoalwithsomeoneyoulookuptoand-whoseopinion

youvalueandwhichmightincentivizeyoutoachieveyourgoals."

(1)WhatmessagedoestheArabproverbexpress?

A.Settinggoalsmakesyoumoredetermined.

B.Sharingyourgoalswithothersgetsbenefits.

C.Keepingyourgoalssecretisthebestpolicy.

D.Publishingyourgoalsmakesyourewarded.

(2)WhatcanbeinferredfromKlein'stwostudies?

A.Howstudentsconsiderthetwolabassistantsmattersmost.

B.Adultsaremorelikelytoachievetheirgoalsthanstudents.

C.Adultsaremorecommittedwhenspeakingouttheirgoals.

D.Theexperimentonthethirdgroupturnedoutfruitless.

(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentivize"meaninthelastparagraph?

A.Assist.

B.Encourage.

C.Intend.

D.Advise.

(4)AccordingtoKlein,howcanyoubefullydevotedtoyourgoal?

A.Bydiscussingitwithyourfriends.

B.Bysharingitwithrespectedpeople.

C.Bymaintainingyourperformance.

D.Byquestioningpeopleofhighstatus.

3.Ecuadorisbeautifulinitslandscapes,peopleandculture.Thediversityoflifeinthehillsattheequatoris

somethingyoumustexperiencetoappreciate.Theperfectweatherwasanicebonus,andmostdayssettleata

comfortablebutnottoohottemperature.Thecitiesareworthseeing,butsometimesnotquitesafefortourists

lackingproperprecautions(预防措施).1wasluckilyneverrobbed,butitwasprevalentamongpeopleIran

into.Soprotectyourvaluables!

Fromthecity,LaHesperiaisaboutathree-hourbusrideacrosstheamazingAndeancountrysideandaone

-hourhikeupfromtheroad.ltisfarfromcivilization,butthereceptionisstillnottoobad.Thereserveis

altogetheraprotectedarea,amostlyself-sustainingfarm,alocalschool,andagreatlearningexperiencefor

internationalconservationistslikeyouorme.Thevolunteerhousewasverycomfortableandopen,withviewsof

purenaturethatIstillmiss.Afterahardworkingdayandacoldshower,Iwouldalwaysbeoverwhelmedbythe

soundsoftheforestatnight.

Duringtheday,mytasksoverthecourseofamonthrangedfromtreeplantingtotrailmaintenance(维护)

andbasicfarmworkincludingplanting/harvestingcrops,weeding,andworkingwithanimals.Regardlessofthe

job,amachete(大刀)wastheonlytoolIneeded!Atonepoint,Ihadtotakethedailymilkdownthemountain

withthemoststubborndonkeyever.

Ofcourse,there*splentyoftimeforfunandmeetingpeople.Thereserveitselfisfullofthingstodo.StilL

weekendsarebetterspentexploringmoreofthecountry,which,tome,isquitedifferentfrommyhomeland.You

cangetrecommendationsfromothervolunteersandlocals.AllaregreatexperiencesIstilltellstoriesabout.

(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prevalent*'inParagraph1mean?

A.Verytraditional.

B.Verycommon.

C.Verypractical.

D.Verystrange.

(2)WhatcanwelearnaboutLaHesperia?

A.It'smodernized.

B.It*snearthecity.

C.It'sanaturalreserve.

D.It'sverycoldatnight.

(3)Whatistheauthor'sdaytimeworklike?

A.Singleandboring.

B.Simpleandrelaxing.

C.Variedandchallenging.

D.Dangerousandcomplicated.

(4)Whatdidtheauthormostprobablyprefertodoonweekends?

A.Gosightseeing.

B.Stayinthehouse.

C.Tellstoriestolocals.

D.Gobacktohomeland.

三.信息匹配（共1小题）

4.Howdoyoupicktherightvolunteerexperienceforyou?Askyourselfthefollowingquestionstodetermine

whichexperiencebestfitsyourgoals.

Whatcauseisimportanttoyou?

Identifyyourgreatestpassions(酷爱).Whatisaproblemyouwanttosolve?Whoarepeopleyouwantto

connectwith?(1).Ifyoudon'thaveanswerstothosequestions,don'tworry.That'swhereyoujusthave

totryandlearnmoreaboutthecause,andseeifitattractsyou.

(2)?

Thenonprofitsectorgrowsquickly.Understandingtheorganizationalstructureisimportantforapositive

volunteerexperience.Wouldyouliketoworkinalargerorganizationthatmighthavemoreresourcesbutismore

rigid(严格的)?Orasmallerorganizationthathaslessfinancialsupportbutmanyopportunitiestoserve?

Youalsoneedtoconsidertheleadershipstructure.Aretheyfriendly,open,willingtogiveyouopportunities?

Doyouseeyourselfenjoyingyourdayworkingwiththem?Ifyouansweryes,thenmostlikelyyouwillhavea

positiverelationship.Theywillwanttoseeyougrowanddevelop,andyouwillwanttohelpthem.(3).

Howmuchtimecanyouput?

(4).Often,volunteerscommentthattheybenefitfromgivingalotoftheirtimeandbecominga

partofthe"nonprofitfamily".

However,youmayonlyhavetimetohelponweekendseverynowandthen.That*sgreat,too.(5).

You'vegotahearttogive.Now,takethetimetothinkabouthowyouwanttovolunteer.Bybeingthoughtful,

you'lluseyourtimewellandgetthemostoutofyourexperience.

A.Whatistheorganizationlike

B.It'sa"win-win"foreveryone

C.It*sjustadifferentkindofexperience

D.Sometimesyouknow,andsometimesyoudon't

E.Whatcompaniesarethereinyourneighborhood

ETrytomeetwiththeleadertomakesureit'sagoodfit

G.Berealisticabouttheamountoftimeyoucanspendvolunteering

四.选词填空(共1小题)

5.

theotherday,achorusof,adaptto,tobehonest,makeadifference,nottomention,comeacross,

participatein

(1)，ittookmemorethanamonthtoadjusttothedifferentculture.

(2)IranacrossoneofmyoldfriendswhenIwaswalkinginthestreet.

(3)WhodoyouknowIhappenedtoduringmystayinSpain?

(4)Shedidn'tthediscussion.

(5)Bystayingconnected,wecanallnomatterwhereweareintheworld.

(6)TakingsomeonlinecoursesofspokenChinesecanbehelpfulforyoutothe

Chineselanguageenvironment.

(7)Hehasabighouseandanexpensivecar,avilla(另U墅)inFrance.

(8)Tohissurprise,hisproposalwasgreetedwithlaughter.

五.语法填空(共1小题)

6.(2021•越秀区校级开学)Bikesharingisgrowinginpopularityasameansofpublictransportation.ltseems

likeaperfectsolution(1)China'sheavytraffic.(2)somelocalauthorities(权威人

士)saythebikeshavebecomeanuisanceandoneShanghaidistricthasconfiscated(没收)almost5,000

bikes.Theunregulatedparkinghascausedcontinuousproblemsand(3)

(complain).Trafficpolicehadconfiscatedthebikesbecausetheyhadbeen(4)(legal)

parked.

Shanghaiistheworld'slargestbikesharecitywith280,000sharedbikescitywide.Thatnumberisexpected

(5)(jump)to500,000bythisJune,accordingtoGuoJianrong,secretaryGeneralofShanghai

BicycleAssociation.

Untiltheturnofthecentury,bikeswerethemainformoftransportinChinesecities.Butinrecentyears,as

Chinesehavegrown(6)(rich)thanbefore，bicycles(7)(replace)

byprivatecars,motorbikesandotherpublictransport.

Bikesharingishardlynew,butwhatmakesuniqueinChinais(8)it'susuallystationfree-

whichmeansthatuserscanleavethebikesanywheretheywant.It'salsocheap.Shanghaiisnottheonlycity(9)

bikesharinghashadteething(萌芽的)problems.Morethan500bikes(10)(rent)outbybike

sharingfirmswerepiledupinthesoutherncityofShenzheninJanuary.

六.单词拼写(共5小题)

7.Havingenoughdatahand,wecansetaboutfiguringoutyourincometax.

8.Idon'tdoubtmyfatherwillcometowatchmyperformance，butIdoubthe

cancomeontime.

9.Apartfrompeppersandeggplants,manyothervegetablesgwell.

10.Taketwotwithwaterbeforemeals.

11.Thegovernment,heclaimed,wasditsfeet.

七.书面表达（共2小题）

12.（2021秋•爱民区校级月考）假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国新近出现

的共享单车很感兴趣，并请你做个简要介绍。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：

L这种单车的使用方法（如：APP查看车辆、扫码开锁等）；

2.这种单车的优势；

3.你对这种单车的看法。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

提示词：共享单车sharingbike,扫描二维码scantheQRcode

注意：

L词数100左右；

2.信的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。

DearJim,

Howareyoudoing?

_IhopetoridewithyouinChina.

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

13.（2022春•萧县校级月考）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整故事。续写的词

数应为150左右。

Igotoworkbybusalmosteveryday,althoughIhavemyowncar,becauseitischeaperandIlikethefeeling

ofbeingwithothers.Pmthekindofpersonwholikestowatchpeople.!liveinasmalltown,soIseemanyofthe

samepeoplegettingonthebuswithmeeveryday,ontheirwaytoandfromwork.Formanymonths,Inoticedan

elderlymangetonatoneofthestopsandalwaysheadtothebackofthebus.

Heworethesameclotheseveryday.Theclotheswerewell-worn,butclean.Icouldtellheledasimplelife.I

hadneverspokentothisgentleman,butheusuallygavemeasmilewhenhepassedby.Oneday,itwassnowing

soIdrovetowork,forIdidn'twanttobelate.Inoticedthegentlemanstandingonastreetcorner.Heheldasignin

hishandaskingformoney.

IwenthomethatdayandwrotehimanotesayingIwasgratefulforwhatIhadinmylifeandthatIwanted

tosharesomeofitwithhim.InthenoteIwrote：Hi,IamLarissa.MaybeIseemlikeastrangertoyou,butIamon

thesamebusasyoualmosteveryday.Isawyoutheotherdayonthestreet,andIhopethismoneycanhelpyou.I

wishyouapleasantweek.

Iputasmallamountofmoneyinanenvelope.

Thenoteread："HiLarissa.

选修四Unit4B卷

参考答案与试题解析

完形填空(共1小题)

1.(2022秋•鄂州期中)Alottery(彩票)winnerinKentuckywonasix-figurejackpot(头奖).However,

shewasn'ttheonlyonewho(1)B一shecelebratedherwinby(2)Bgiftcardsatalocalstore.

CrystalDunnofLouisvillewonthegame's$146,351.74progressivejackpot."Isawthatanddidn*tbelieve

it(3)D,"Dunntoldthelotteryboard."IneverthoughtIwouldwinsomethinglikethis，butthisgoesto

showitcan(4)A,Hshecontinued.

DunntraveledtotheheadquartersoftheKentuckyLotteryCorporationto(5)Bherjackpoton8

July.Aftertaxes,she(6)Cacheckfor$103,909.73.Dunnsaidshe(7)Atousethemoneyto

buyacarandpayoffbills.Butshemadeit(8)Dthatshewouldspreadalittle(9)Bbeforeshe

returnedhomewithherwinnings.

ShestoppedbyMeijer一asupercenterstorechaininKentucky一to(10)Aapartofher

jackpot.Dunnpurchased$2,000ingiftcardsandhandedthemoutto(11)C.

"Manywereexcited,butafewwere(12)D,thinkingIwaswantingsomething(13)D,"Dunn

reportedlytoldthelotteryboard."Igota(n)(14)BgiftandIbelieveinpayingitforwardandIwantto

passitalong,“shecontinued."Actually,sharingiscaringandgivingismore(15)Cthanreceiving.I*ve

workedhardforeverythingI'vehad.Thisisaprettyamazinggift."

(1)A.triedB.benefitedC.workedD.leamed

(2)A.takingoutB.givingawayC.payingoffD.tumingdown

(3)A.finallyB.regularlyC.formallyD.actually

(4)A.happenB.appearC.displayD.improve

(5)A.checkB.collectC.raiseD.search

(6)A.foundB.wroteC.receivedD.demanded

(7)A.plannedB.requestedC.managedD.imagined

(8)A.seriousB.easyC.possibleD.clear

(9)A.energyB.happinessC.patienceD.information

(10)A.shareB.leaveC.refuseD.divide

(11)A.readersB.workersC.shoppersD.teachers

(12)A.thankfulB.confidentC.delightedD.surprised

(13)A.bychanceB.atonceC.onpurposeD.inreturn

(14)A.simpleB.unexpectedC.common0.impossible

(15)A.practicalB.difficultC.rewarding0.available

【答案】(1)-(5)BBDAB(6)-(10)CADBA(11)-(15)CDDBC

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国肯塔基州的一位女士中了大奖后，没有独自享受，而是选择

与其他人分享的故事。

【解答】(1)考查动词及语境理解。A.tried尝试;B.benefited受益;C.worked工作;D.leamed学习。

句意：然而，她并不是唯一一个受益的人一一她在当地一家商店赠送礼品卡来庆祝自己的胜利。根据上

句"Alottery(彩票)winnerinKentuckywonasix-figurejackpot(头奖)"(一个肯塔基州的彩票中奖

者赢得了六位数的头奖)可知，她从彩票中受益，故选B项。

(2)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.takingout拿出；B.givingaway赠送；C.payingoff付清；D.turningdown

拒绝。句意：然而，她并不是唯一一个受益的人一一她在当地一家商店赠送礼品卡来庆祝自己的胜利。

根据后文"Dunnpurchased$2,000ingiftcardsandhandedthemoutto(10)”(邓恩购买了价值2000

美元的礼品卡，并将其分发给_)可知，她是赠送礼品卡给其他人，故选B项。

(3)考查副词及语境理解。A.finally最终；B.regularly定期地；C.formally正式地；D.actually实际上。

句意：”我看到了，但实际上并不相信，”邓恩告诉彩票委员会。根据后句"1neverthoughtIwouldwin

somethinglikethis"(我从没想过我会赢得这样的比赛)可知，事实上，我是不太相信的，故选D项。

(4)考查动词及语境理解。A.happen发生；B.appear出现；C.display展示；D.improve提升。句意：”

我从没想过我会赢得这样的比赛，但这表明这可能会发生。”她继续说道。根据第二段首句"CrystalDunn

ofLouisvillewonthegame*s$146,351.74progressivejackpot."(路易斯维尔的克里斯托•邓恩赢得了该

游戏146351.74美元的累积头奖)可知，她确实中奖了，这确实是可能发生的，故选A项。

(5)考查动词及语境理解。A.check检查；B.collect收集，领取；C.raise筹集，养育；D.search搜寻。

句意：7月8日，邓恩前往肯塔基州彩票公司总部领取头奖。根据后句"Aftertaxes,she(6)acheckfor

$103,909.73.”(税后，她一了一张103909.73美元的支票)可知，她去领奖了，故选B项。

(6)考查动词及语境理解。A.found发现；B.wrote写；C.received收到；D.demanded要求。句意：税

后，她收到了一张103909.73美元的支票。根据后句"Dunnsaidshe(7)tousethemoneytobuyacarand

payoffbills.”(邓恩说，她—用这笔钱买车并付清账单)可知，她收到了钱，故选C项。

(7)考查动词及语境理解。A.planned计划；B.requested要求；C.managed设法做；D.imagined想象。

句意：邓恩说，她打算用这笔钱买车并付清账单。用这笔钱买车并付清账单是她的打算，故选A项。

(8)考查形容词及语境理解。A.serious严肃的；B.easy容易的；C.possible可能的；D.clear清楚的。

句意：但她明确表示，在带着奖金回家之前，她会传播一点快乐。根据makeitclearthat意为”明确表示，

表明”，拿到钱后，她明确表示自己的打算，最贴合语境，故选D项。

(9)考查名词及语境理解。A.energy能量；B.happiness开心，幸福;C.patience耐心；D.information

信息。句意：但她明确表示，在带着奖金回家之前，她会传播一点快乐。根据前文shecelebratedherwin

by(2)giftcardsatalocalstore.可知，她通过赠送礼品卡来庆祝自己的中奖，这是一件令人开心的事情，

也与其他人分享，故选B项。

(10)考查动词及语境理解。A.share分享；B.leave离开；C.refuse拒绝；D.divide划分。句意:她路过

肯塔基州的超级中心连锁店Meijer,分享了她的部分头奖。根据上句Butshemadeit(8)thatshewould

spreadalittle(9)beforeshereturnedhomewithherwinnings.可知，她要赠送礼品卡来传递快乐，与他

人分享自己的奖，故选A项。

(11)考查名词及语境理解。A.readers读者；B.workers工人；C.shoppers购物者；D.teachers老师。根

据空前Dunnpurchased$2,000ingiftcardsandhandedthemout可知邓恩购买了价值2000美元的礼品

卡，并将其分发给购物者。故选C项。

(12)考查形容词及语境理解。A.thankful感恩的；B.confident自信的；C.delighted开心的；D.surprised

感到惊讶的。句意：据报道，邓恩告诉彩票委员会：”很多人都很兴奋，但也有一些人很惊讶，认为我

想要一些回报。”收到来自陌生人的礼品，购物者感到惊讶，合乎情理，故选D项。

(13)考查介词短语及语境理解。A.bychance意外；B.atonce立刻；C.onpurpose故意地；D.inreturn

作为回报。句意：据报道，邓恩告诉彩票委员会：”很多人都很兴奋，但也有一些人很惊讶，认为我想

要一些回报。”根据关键词Iwaswantingsomething可知，他们以为我送他们礼品卡是因为我想要一些东

西作为回报，故选D项。

(14)考查形容词及语境理解。A.simple简单的；B.unexpected意料之外的；C.common普遍的；

□impossible不可能的。句意：她继续说道：”我收到了一份意想不到的礼物，我相信一定要把它交出去，

我想把它传下去。"根据前文"IneverthoughtIwouldwinsomethinglikethis"(我从没想过我会赢得这样

的比赛)可知，这是意料之外的礼物，故选B项。

(15)考查形容词及语境理解。A.practical实际的；B.difficult困难的；C.rewarding值得做的；报酬高

的；D.available可利用的。句意：事实上，分享就是关怀，给予比接受更有回报。根据前文"Manywere

excited,butafewwere(12),thinkingIwaswantingsomething(13),"Dunnreportedlytoldthelottery

board.”可知，别人以为我想获得一些东西作为回报，而我认为分享和给予就是一件值得做的事情，给

予比接受更有回报，故选C项。

【点评】完形填空题的解题步骤：

1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这

是解题的基础。

2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，

先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示

或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。

3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助己经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数

疑难问题。

4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连

田

贝。

二.阅读理解(共2小题)

2.(2022•杭州模拟)Shouldyousharegoalsorkeepthemprivate?You'llfindconflictinganswersifyouturnto

Google.Somesaysharinggoalscannotliveuptoone'sexpectationsbecauseyou'llfeelrewardedbefore

actuallydoinganythingtoachievethem.TheArabshaveforcenturiesvoicedasimilarmessageintheproverb

"themoreyousurroundyourcandle,themoreitremainslit'*.Morerecently,theideabecamewidespreadin

2010withaTEDtalktitled"Keepyourgoalstoyourself".

"Inmostcasesyougetmorebenefitfromsharingyourgoalthanifyoudon't-aslongasyoushareitwith

someonewhoseopinionyouvalue,"HowardKleintoldOhioStateNews.Kleinandhiscolleaguesconducted

severalstudiesongoal-sharing.Inone,theresultsshowedthatworkingadultsfrequentlydosharegoalsandare

morelikelytobecommittedtoachievingthosegoalswhenthey'resharedwithpeoplewhoareperceivedtobeof

higherstatus.

Asecondstudyinvolved171undergraduatestudentswhowereaskedtoplayagame.Afterthefirstround,the

studentswereaskedtoplaythegameagain,butthistimetheyhadtosetagoal.Theresearchersseparatedthe

studentsintothreegroups.Foronegroup,thestudentshadtosharetheirgoalswithalabassistantwhowasdressed

inasuitandintroducedhimselfasadoctoral-levelstudentinthebusinessschoolwhowasanexpertonthe

topic.Foranothergroup,thelabassistantwasacasuallydressedmanwhoidentifiedhimselfasastudentatalocal

communitycollege.Athirdgroupwasn'taskedtosharetheirgoalswithanyone.

Theresultsshowedthatpeoplewhosharedtheirgoalswiththehigh-statuspersonnotonly-showedhigher

commitmenttoachievingthegoal,butalsoperformedbetterinthegame.Meanwhile,thetwoothergroups

showedsimilarcommitmentandperformance.Kleinsaid,"Youwanttobededicatedandunwillingtogiveup

onyourgoal,whichismorelikelywhenyousharethatgoalwithsomeoneyoulookuptoand-whoseopinion

youvalueandwhichmightincentivizeyoutoachieveyourgoals."

(1)WhatmessagedoestheArabproverbexpress?C

A.Settinggoalsmakesyoumoredetermined.

B.Sharingyourgoalswithothersgetsbenefits.

C.Keepingyourgoalssecretisthebestpolicy.

D.Publishingyourgoalsmakesyourewarded.

(2)WhatcanbeinferredfromKlein*stwostudies?C

A.Howstudentsconsiderthetwolabassistantsmattersmost.

B.Adultsaremorelikelytoachievetheirgoalsthanstudents.

C.Adultsaremorecommittedwhenspeakingouttheirgoals.

D.Theexperimentonthethirdgroupturnedoutfruitless.

(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"incentivize"meaninthelastparagraph?B

A.Assist

B.Encourage.

C.Intend.

D.Advise.

(4)AccordingtoKlein,howcanyoubefullydevotedtoyourgoal?B

A.Bydiscussingitwithyourfriends.

B.Bysharingitwithrespectedpeople.

C.Bymaintainingyourperformance.

D.Byquestioningpeopleofhighstatus.

【答案】CCBB

【分析】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了我们可以分享目标，但仅限于某些人。

【解答J(1)推理判断题o根据第一段TheArabshaveforcenturiesvoicedasimilarmessageintheproverb

"themoreyousurroundyourcandle,themoreitremainslit*'.Morerecently,theideabecamewidespreadin

2010withaTEDtalktitlednKeepyourgoalstoyourself"（几个世纪以来，阿拉伯人在谚语中表达了类似

的信息：”你包围的蜡烛越多，它就越亮”。最近，这个想法在2010年的TED演讲中得到了广泛传播，

主题是”把你的目标留给自己可知，阿拉伯的谚语表明对目标保密是最好的策略。故选C。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段Inone,theresultsshowedthatworkingadultsfrequentlydosharegoalsand

aremorelikelytobecommittedtoachievingthosegoalswhenthey'resharedwithpeoplewhoareperceivedto

beofhigherstatus.（其中一项研究结果表明，职场成年人经常有共同的目标，当他们与被认为地位较高

的人分享时，他们更有可能致力于实现这些目标。）和第四段的Theresultsshowedthatpeoplewhoshared

theirgoalswiththehigh-statuspersonnotonly-showedhighercommitmenttoachievingthegoal,butalso

performedbetterinthegame.（结果表明，与高地位人士分享目标的人不仅对实现目标表现出更高的承诺，

而且在游戏中表现更好。）可知，说出目标成年人更投入。故选C。

（3）词义猜测题。根据最后一Youwanttobededicatedandunwillingtogiveuponyourgoal,whichis

morelikelywhenyousharethatgoalwithsomeoneyoulookuptoand-whoseopinionyouvalueandwhich

mightincentivizeyoutoachieveyourgoals.（你想专心致志，不愿意放弃你的目标，当你与你尊敬的人分

享目标时，这种情况更可能发生——你重视他的意见，这可能会激励你实现目标。）可知，"incentivize”

意为”激励，鼓励A.Assist帮助；B.Encourage鼓励；C.Intend意图；D.Advise建议。故选B。

（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段Youwanttobededicatedandunwillingtogiveuponyourgoal,whichis

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