阅读题-篇章词汇

阅读理解--篇章词汇题Passage1Whetherornottotelltheseriouslyillabouttheirtrueconditionhaslongbeena___1___formedicalprofessionals.Manydoctorsbelievethat___2____thefactsfromthosepatientswillbenefitthempsychologicallyandmayhelpthemrecover.Butnewstudiesshowthat____3____tothiswidespreadbelief,theoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientswanttobetoldthetruth,eveninthecaseof___4___illnesses.Iftheyarenot,theyfeel___5___andmisled.Asitis,lyingmakesitdifficultforpatientstomakechoices___6___theirownhealth.Andkeepingadyingpatientinthedarkpreventshimfrommakingdecisionsabouttheendofhislife.Lyingcanalsocausedoctorstolosetheirintegrityandcredibilityanddoharmto___7___whoarehonestwiththeirpatients.Inthelongrun,lyinghurtstheentiremedical___8___.Asa___9___ofthecurrentconcerns,manyhospitalshaveadoptedpatients’billsofrights,butpatientsstillneedtobewarybecausethedaysofphysicians___10___patientsarecertainlynotoveryetandmayneverbe.A.colleaguesB.aspectC.conflictD.concerningE.concealingF.contentG.betrayedH.helpedI.deceivingJ.graveK.professionalL.contraryM.headacheN.professionO.revealPassage2Mostpeople___1___workwithpunishmentorthinkofitasanecessaryburden.Butthetruthisworkprovidespeoplewithpersonalsatisfactionand,individualpride,asenseofaccomplishment.Asidefromoffering___2___support,workcankeepushealthynotonlyphysicallybutalsomentally.Forexample,patientssufferingfromdepressioncouldoftenbe___3___whenprovidedwithgainfulemployment.The___4___isalsotrue.Retirementand___5___canbeharmfultoone’shealth.Peoplewithnochancetoworkandderive___6___fromajobmaysufferfromthesymptomsofacuteillnesseventhoughtheyarenotphysicallysick.Whileatwork,peopletendtoenjoythecompanyofother___7___becausetherelationshipsamongthemarenotsocomplicatedasthoseinother___8___oflife.Besides,peoplewanttoworkwithawinner---abestworkgrouporinawell-known___9___---ratherthanaloser,forasuccessfulunitcanbringus___10___aswellasself-confidence.A.financialB.mechanicalC.unemploymentD.organizationE.associateF.statusG.helpH.aspectsI.renewedJ.respectK.staffL.reverseM.givenN.statueO.contentmentPassage3AuthorMortimerAdlerarguesthatweshouldmarkbooks---butonlywhentheyareourown___1___.Asweallknow,wehaveto“readbetweenthe__2___”,butweshouldalsowritebetweenthem.Hepointsoutthatwearenotreallyinfullowningofabookuntilwehavedoneso.However,weshouldnotdothistoallbooks.Not,forexample,torareeditionsorexpensivevolumeswith___3___bindingorprinting,nortoworksofpopularfiction,whichwemightpasstimeforaneveningof___4___reading.Butwedoittogreatbooks,whicharerichinideasandraiseandtrytoanswerfundamentalquestions.Hesayswedonot___5___ideasfromanimportantthinkerthewaywedothesongsofa___6___singer.Asfarasgreatbooksareconcerned,therefore,readingshouldbeactive.Andthephysicalactofwritinginbooksbringsthewordsandsentencesbeforeourmindsand___7___thembetterinourmemory.Wedothisbymaking___8___notes.Aswereadwerecordourthoughtsandthequestionswehave,pintsofagreement,disagreement,doubtand___9___.Ifweshouldstopreadingandcontinueaweeklater,thereareallthepointswemadebeforeandwecanbeginwherewe___10___off.Aboveall,heexpectsthatactivereadingisaconversationbetweenauthorandreaders.(A)absorb(B)quick(C)left(D)need(E)preserve(F)lines(G)magic(H)popular(I)ones(J)inquiry(K)easy(L)necessary(M)light(N)magnificent(O)automaticPassage4Howdowegetmorepeopletoincreasetheirconsumptionofiron-richfoods?Manynutritionists__1__theincreaseofanumberoffoods.Thismayhelp,butIcontendthatweshouldalso_2__oureffortsinnutritioneducationamongouryoungpeople.Isimplydonotbuytheargumentthatitis__3___totrytochangeeatinghabits.Onceanintelligentperson----andthisincludesadolescents----understandstheneedforahealthydiet,Ithinkheorshewillact__4___.Asforspecificactions,Isuggestthatbloodshouldbecheckedasa__5__partofayoungster’syearlyphysicalexamination.Itshouldcontainatleast11gramsironper100millilitersofbloodforagirlandatleast12gramsforaboy.Ifitisanylower,thephysicianprobablywill__6___aneasilyabsorbedironsupplement.Adolescents---andeveryoneelse---shouldcutouthighlyprocessedfoodsanddrinks,whichmaybelowinironandothernutrients.Readthelabelsforiron___7___.Especiallymakesurethatallbakeryproductsaremadewith___8__flourorwholegrains.Tryaddingliver(chicken,beeforanyothervariety)totheweekly___9___.Finally,evenwhenyouaretryingtoloseweight,alwayseata__10___,well-balanceddietmadeupofavarietyoffleshorverylightlyprocessedfoods.Thisway,youstandagoodchanceofgettingnotonlyenoughiron,butalsoadequateamountsofalltheotheressentialnutrients.(A)menu(B)access(C)ineffective(D)enhanced(E)routine(F)particularly(G)content(H)content(I)prescribe(J)advocate(K)accordingly(L)sensible(M)intensify(N)enriched(O)automaticPassage5Manyoftoday’scollegestudentsaresufferingfromaformofshock.Lisaisagoodexampleofastudentinshock.Sheisanattractive,intelligenttwenty-year-oldcollege__1___atastateuniversity.Now,onlythreeyearslater,Lisaismiserable.Shehas__2___hermajorfourtimesandisforcedtoholddowntwopart-timejobsinordertopayhertuition.Shesuffersfromsleepingandeatingdisordersandhasno___3___friend.Sometimessheburstsoutcryingforno___4___reason.WhatishappeningtoLisahappenstomillionsofcollegestudentseachyear.Asaresult,roughlyone-quarterofthestudentpopulationatanytimewillsufferfrom___5___ofdepression.Halfofthemwillexperiencedepressionintenseenoughtocallfor__6___help.Butmanyofthem___7___theideabecausetheydon’twantpeopletothinkthere’ssomethingwrongwiththem.Therearetworeasonstoday’scollegestudentsaresufferingmorethanthoseinearliergenerations.Firstisaweakeningfamilysupport___8___.Today,withhighdivorcerate,thetraditionalfamilyisnotalwaysavailableforsupport.Anotherproblemis___9___pressure.Inthelastdecadetuitioncostroseaboutsixty-sixpercentatpubliccollegesandninetypercentatprivateschools.___10___,moststudentsmustworkatleastpart-time.Itcanbedepressingtostudentstobefacedwiththeaddedtuitioncosts.(A)senior(B)switched(C)consistently(D)structure(E)junior(F)apparent(G)symptom(H)delightful(I)intimate(J)decline(K)professional(L)consequently(M)financial(N)automatic(O)recalledPassage6Largecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.Thesameproblem,onasmaller___1___,facespracticallyeverycompanytryingtodevelopnewproducts.Therecanbelittleprospectofraisingthesumneededfromfriends,andwhilebanksmayagreetoprovideshort-termloan,theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyona___2___basisforlong-termprojects.Socompaniesturntothepublic,invitingpeopletotakeashareinthebusinessin___3___forashareinfutureprofits.Theydothisby___4___stocksandsharesinthebusinessthroughtheStockExchange.Bydoingsotheycanevenputintocirculationthe___5___savingsofindividualsandinstitutionsabroad.Whenthesaverneedshismoneyback,hedoesnothavetogotothecompanywithwhomhe___6___placedit.Instead,hesellshissharesthroughastockbrokertoothers.Manyoftheservicesneededbothbyindustryandbyusareprovidedbythegovernmentorby___7___authorities.Withouthospitals,roads,electricityetc.,thiscountrycouldnot___8___.Alltheserequire___9___spendingonnewequipmentiftheyaretoserveusproperly,requiringmoremoneythanisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentandnationalizedindustriesthereforeneedtoborrowmoneyto___10___majorcapitalspending,andthey,too,cometotheStockExchange.Inbrief,theStockExchangeexiststoprovideachannelthroughwhichthesavingscanreachthosewhoneedfinancialhelp.(A)local(B)responsible(C)originally(D)finance(E)issuing(F)highly(G)permanent(H)securities(I)recalling(J)function(K)exchange(L)overseas(M)precaution(N)continuous(O)scalePassage7Forcenturiesmandreamedofachievingverticalflight.LeonardodaVinciconceivedthefirst___1___apparatus,whichcouldcarryamanstraightup,butthiswasonlyadesignandwasnevertested.Theancientdreamwas___2___realizedin1940whenaRussianaeronauticalengineer,pilotedastrange-lookingcraftofsteeltubingwitharotatingfanontop.Itroseawkwardlyandverticallyintotheairfromastandingstart,hoveredafewfeetabovetheground,wentsidewaysandbackwards,andthensettledbacktoearth.That___3___wascalledahelicopter.Imaginationswerefired.People___4___thatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.Such___5___expectationswerenotfulfilled.It___6___inmilitarymissions,carryingtroops,gunsandstrategicinstrumentswhereotheraircraftcannotgo.Corporationsusethemasairborneoffices;manyurbanareasusetheminpolicework,constructionandloggingcompanies,___7___theminvariousadvantageousways.Engineersusethemforsiteselectionandsurveying,andoilcompaniesusethemasthebestwaytomakeoffshoreandremoteworkstations___8___tocrewsandsupplies.Any___9___missiontoahard-to-get-toplaceisalikelytaskforahelicopter.Amongtheirother___10___ofuses,theydeliverpeopleacrosstown,flytoandfromairports,assistinrescuework,andaidinthesearchformissingorwantedpersons.Withallthesefunctions,thehelicopterhasnowbecomeanextremelyversatilemachine.(A)fantastic(B)abundance(C)excels(D)retained(E)vehicle(F)mechanical(G)automatically(H)employ(I)glorious(J)anticipated(K)finally(L)tissue(M)accessible(N)reveal(O)urgentPassage8MuchofCanada’sforestryproductiongoestowardsmakingpulpandpaper.AccordingtotheCanadianPulpandPaperAssociation,Canada___1___34%oftheworld’swoodpulpand49%ofitsnewsprintpaper.Ifthesepaperproductscouldbeproducedinsomeotherway,Canadianforestscouldbe___2___.Recently,apossible___3___wayofproducingpaperhasbeensuggestedbyagriculturalistsandenvironmentalists,aplantcalledhemp.Hemphasbeen___4___bymanyculturesforthousandsofyears.It___5___fibrewhichcanbemadeintopaper,fuel,oils,textiles,food,andrope.Formanycenturies,itwas___6___totheeconomiesofmanycountriesbecauseitwasusedtomaketheropesandcablesusedonsailingships;colonialexpansionandtheestablishmentofaworld-widetradingnetworkwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithout___7___.Nowadays,ships’cablesareusuallymadefromwireorsyntheticfibres,butscientistsarenowsuggestingthatthecultivationofhempshouldbe___8___fortheproductionofpaperandpulp.Accordingtoits___9___,fourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproducedfromlandusinghempratherthantrees,andmanyenvironmentalistsbelievethatthelarge-scalecultivationofhempcould___10___reducethepressureonCanada’sforests.(A)proponents(B)regained(C)cultivated(D)revived(E)extremely(F)another(G)produces(H)alternative(I)hemp(J)essential(K)opponents(L)supplies(M)preserved(N)essentially(O)givesPassage9Acoeducational(男女合校的)schoolofferschildrennothinglessthanatrueversionofsocietyinminiature(缩影).Boysandgirlsaregiventhe__47__togettoknoweachother,tolearntolivetogetherfromtheirearliestyears.Theyareputinapositionwheretheycancomparethemselveswitheachotherintermsof__48__ability,athleticachievementandmanyoftheextracurricularactivitieswhicharepailofschoollife.Whatapractical__49__itis(togivejustasmallexample)tobeabletoputonaschoolplayinwhichthemalepartswillbetakenbyboysandthefemalepartsbygirls!Whatnonsensecoeducationmakesoftheargumentthatboysareclevererthangirlsorviceversa.When__50__,boysandgirlsaremadetofeelthattheyarearaceapart.Inacoeducationalschool,everythingfallsintoits__51__place.Thegreatestcontributionofcoeducationis__52__thehealthyattitudetoliltitencourages.Boysdon'tgrowupbelievingthatwomenare__53__creatures.Girlsdon'tgrowupimaginingthatmenareromanticheroes.Yearsoflivingtogetheratschoolremoveillusionsofthiskind.Theawkwardstageofadolescencebringsintosharpfocussomeofthephysicaland__54__problemsinvolvedingrowingup.Thesecanbetterbe__55__inacoeducationalenvironment.Whenthetimecomesforthepupilstoleaveschool,theyarefullypreparedto__56__societyaswell-adjustedadults.Theyhavealreadyhadyearsofexperienceincopingwithmanyoftheproblemsthatfacemenandwomen.A)advantage I)enterB)proper J)mysteriousC)rewarded K)eventuallyD)emotional L)segregatedE)opportunity M)undoubtedlyF)activity N)principleG)overcome O)advocateH)academicPassage10Wecanseehowtheproductlifecycleworksbylookingattheintroductionofinstantcoffee.Whenitwasintroduced,mostpeopledidnotlikeitaswellas"regular"coffeeandittookseveralyearstogaingeneral__47__(introductionstage).Atonepoint,though,__48__coffeegrewrapidlyinpopularityandmanybrandswereintroduced(stageofrapidgrowth).Afterawhilepeoplebecame__49__toonebrandandsalesleveledoff(stageofmaturity).Saleswentintoa__50__declinewhenfreeze-driedcoffeeswereintroduced(stageofdecline).Theimportanceoftheproductlifecycletomarketersisthis:Differentstagesintheproductlifecyclecallfordifferentstrategies.Thegoalisto__51__productlifesothatsalesandprofitsdonotdecline.Onestrategyiscalledmarketmodification.Itmeansthat__52__managerslookfornewusersandmarketsections.Didyouknow,e.g.thatthebackpacksthatsomanystudentscarrytodaywere__53__designedforthemilitary?Marketmodificationalsomeanssearchingfor__54__usageamongpresentcustomersorgoingforadifferentmarket,suchasseniorcitizens.Amarketermayre-positiontheproductto__55__tonewmarketsections.Anotherproduct__56__strategyiscalledproductmodification.Itinvolveschangingproductquality,features,orstyletoattractnewusersormoreusagefrompresentusers.A)attached I)executiveB)marketing J)extensionC)production K)slightD)acceptance L)tremendousE)originally M)financeF)capability N)appealG)instant O)extendH)increasedPassage11Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas"theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea".Beforethe19thcentury,scientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritings,buthewas__47__togotoseatofurtherhiswork.Formostpeopletheseawas__48__,andwiththeexceptionofearly__49__travelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,let__50__toaskwhatlaybeneaththesurface.Thefirsttimethatthequestion"Whatisatthe__51__oftheoceans?"hadtobeansweredwithanycommercial__52__waswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawas__53__.Theengineershadtoknowthedepthprofile(起伏形状)oftherouteto__54__thelengthofcablethathadtobemanufactured.ItwastoMauryoftheU.S.NavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,for__55__onthismatter.Inthe1840s,Mauryhadbeen__56__forencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundings(测探)weretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.Later,someofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbookThePhysicalGeographyoftheSea.A)physical I)informationB)bottom J)intercontinentalC)dived K)apartD)responsible L)remoteE)consequence M)geologyF)reluctant N)proposedG)measurable O)aloneH)estimatePassage12Wefindthatbrightchildrenarerarelyheldbackbymixed-abilityteaching.Onthecontrary,boththeirknowledgeandexperienceare__47__.Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreaming(按能力分班)pupils.Itdoesnottakeinto__48__thefactthatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonbothbrightandnot-so-brightchildren.Afterall,itcanbequite__49__tobeatthebottomofthetopgrade!Besides,itisrather__50__togradepeoplejustaccordingtotheirintellectualability.Thisisonlyoneaspectoftheirtotal__51__.Weareconcernedtodeveloptheabilitiesofallourpupilstothefull,notjusttheir__52__ability.Wealsovaluepersonalqualitiesand__53__skills,andwefindthatmixed-abilityteaching__54__toalltheseaspectsoflearning.Inourclassrooms,weworkinvariousways.Thepupilsoftenworkingroups:Thisgivesthemtheopportunitytolearnto__55__,toshare,andtodevelopleadershipskills.Theyalsolearnhowtocopewithpersonalproblemsaswellashowtothink,tomakedecisions,toanalyzeandevaluate,andtocommunicate__56__.Thepupilslearnfromeachotheraswellasfromtheteacher.A)academic I)unrealB)efficiently J)contributesC)account K)discouragingD)voluntary L)institutionalE)enriched M)socialF)personality N)predictedG)instruction O)effectivelyH)cooperatePassage13Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe"fit"insociety.Aswegoaboutoureverydaylives,wementallyattempttoplacepeopleintermsoftheirstatuses.Forexample,wemustjudgewhetherthepersoninthelibraryisareaderora__47__,whetherthetelephonecallerisafriendorasalesman,whethertheunfamiliarpersononour__48__isathieforameterreader,andsoon.Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeoplewe__49__,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,atveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthat__50__situationsrequire.Muchofsocialinteractionconsistsof__51__andselectingamongappropriatestatusesandallowingotherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous.Thismeansthatwe__52__ouractionstothoseofotherpeoplebasedona__53__mentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation.Althoughsomeofusfindthetaskmoredifficultthanothers,mostofusperformitrather__54__.Astatushasbeencomparedto__55__clothes.Withincertainlimits,thebuyercanchoosestyleandfabric.ButanAmericanisnot__56__tochoosethecostumeofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprince.Wemustchoosefromamongtheclothingpresentedbyoursociety.A)fit I)ready-madeB)inappropriately J)identifyingC)encounter K)raisingD)destiny L)librarianE)effortlessly M)spokesmanF)bound N)variousG)property O)constantH)freePassage14Humanityuseslessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yet__47__ofshortagesanddroughts(干旱)arecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareas,andindustrialand__48__by-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincetheworld'spopulationisexpectedto__49__inthenext50years,manyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofa__50__watercrisis.Butthatdoesn'thavetobethe__51__.Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld--ifwestart__52__watermorethanwehaveinthepast.Justaswebeganto__53__petroleummoreafterthe1970soilcrises,todaywemuststartlookingatwaterfroma__54__economicperspective.Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwatera__55__freeresourceofwhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant.Instead,forallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoor,governmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectits__56__value.Thismeanschargingafeeforthewateritselfaswellasforthesupplycosts.Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwaterinmoreeconomicallyandenvironmentallysoundways.Nomatterwhatstepsgovernmentstaketoprovidewatermoreefficiently,theymustchangetheirinstitutionalandlegalapproachestowateruseandshouldsetupcentralauthoritiestocoordinatewaterpolicy.A)valuing I)virtuallyB)fresh J)doubleC)vacant K)agriculturalD)widespread L)generateE)outcome M)negativeF)potentially N)appreciateG)occurrences O)attackingH)actualPassage15I'musuallyfairlyskepticalaboutanyresearchthatconcludesthatpeopleareeitherhappierorunhappierormoreorlesscertainofthemselvesthantheywere50yearsago.Whileanyofthese__47__mightbetrue,theyarepracticallyimpossibletoprove__48__.Still,Iwas__49__byareportwhichconcludedthattoday'schildrenaresignificantlymore__50__thanchildreninthe1950s.Infact,theanalysisshowed,normalchildrenaged9to17__51__ahigherlevelofanxietytodaythanchildrenwhoweretreatedfor__52__illness50yearsago.WhyareAmerica'skidssostressed?Thereportcitestwomaincauses:increasing__53__isolation--broughtonbyhighdivorceratesandlessinvolvementincommunity,amongotherthings--andagrowing__54__thattheworldisamoredangerousplace.Giventhatwecan'tturntheclockback.Adultscanstilldoplentytohelpthenextgenerationcope.Atthetopofthelistisnurturingabetterappreciationofthelimitsofindividualism.Nochildisanisland.Strengtheningsocialtieshelpsbuildcommunitiesandprotect__55__againststress.Tohelpkidsbuildstrongerconnectionswithothers,youcan__56__theplugsonTVsandcomputers.Yourfamilywillhavemoretimeforface-to-facerelationships,andtheywillthankyoulater.A)physical I)pullB)allergy J)incidenceC)anxious K)scientificallyD)medical