新发展英语（第二版）综合教程3 课件 Unit 8 Manners and Etiquette

Unit8MannersandEtiquette新发展英语3Understandtheimportanceofmannersandetiquetteinourlifeandcross-culturalsettings..0102030405Learnusefulwordsandexpressionsrelatedtomanners,etiquette,andethicalconduct.Learntousethestructures:justbecause…doesn'tmean…,not…butrather…,justas…as…,etc.Learntowriteparagraphsdenotingadversativerelations.Readfurtheraboutthesignificantrolemannersandetiquetteplayinourdailylife.StudyFocusIntensiveReading01A.Discussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartners.Pre-readingPreparationWhataresomeoftheessentialqualitiesthatmakeoneapleasantpersontoothers?Doyouagreethatbeingpoliteandshowingrespectcangiveusanedge?Ifyoudo,findinstancesfromyourownexperiencestosupportyourview.01010102B.Readthefollowingsentencescarefullyandworkoutthemeaningofeachunderlinedwordsandexpressions.Pre-readingPreparation1Thereisnotmuchprivacyinthesehotelroomsbecauseofthelargewindowsandthinwalls.2Timesaredifferent.I'mafraidthatherideasoneducationareratheroutdatednow.3Beingpartofagroupmeansyouconformtotheirbeliefsandstandards.4Amanshouldavoidtellingcrudejokesthatareoffensivetowomen.5Hegainedadmittancetohisgirlfriend'soffice,butcouldnotobtainadmissiontoherhouse.01礼

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如今常会听到有人问："礼貌仍然重要吗？礼仪过时了吧？太虚伪造作了吧？"甚至有人会问："礼貌和礼仪，这种我们过去所认可的东西，如今究竟还存在吗？"Etiquette礼

仪Itisnotuncommon

todaytohearsomeoneask,"Aremannersstillimportant?Isn'tetiquetteoutdated,orhypocritical?"Oreven,"Domannersandetiquette,asweusedtorecognizethem,existatall?"1Text

当然存在！而且对于我们就像对于前人一样重要。不过，如今的礼貌与先前不同了，有了新的内容。这理应如此，因为我们有了新的生活方式。过去，人们尊重隐私，讲究自律，遵守礼节。而今天，我们所接受的是坦诚、自由和不拘礼节。Ofcoursetheydo!Andtheyarejustasimportanttousastheyweretopreviousgenerations.Buttheyaredifferentmanners,newmanners,andthisisasitshouldbe,becauseourlifestyleisnew.Yesterday,privacy,self-discipline,and

formalityweretherule.Today,

openness,freedom,andinformalityarethequalitiesthatwelivewith.(tobeconinted)2Etiquette礼

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过去我们的父辈花大力气去学的种种礼仪已变得陈旧，而我们许多不拘礼节的做法如今却显得很合时宜。这一切在我们看来很正常，我们几乎意识不到其中有何差别。礼貌是自然而然地发展起来的，在这一过程中受到当时的生活方式的影响。最礼貌的行为举止得以保留下来，直到生活方式又发生变化而将其废弃。Theformalitiesthatourparentsworkedhardtolearnareoutdatedandtheinformalitiesthatwepracticeseemrightfornow-sonaturaltousthatwearescarcelyconsciousofthedifference.Mannersevolveof

theirownaccord,influencedbycurrentlifestyle,andthebestsurviveuntilthatstylechangesagain,andtheybecome

obsolete.2Etiquette礼

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礼仪重要吗？"若要回答这个问题，我们必须懂得"礼仪"一词的真正含义。我们无法把这个词简单地定义或给出某个同义词，在我看来，"体谅"是最贴切的诠释。一切礼貌的行为举止皆以体贴他人为基础。如果人人都能遵循"你想别人怎样对待你，就要怎样对待别人"这一黄金法则，这世上也就不会有不礼貌的行为。Tobeabletoanswerthequestion"Isetiquetteimportant?"onemusthaveanunderstandingofthetruemeaningoftheword.Thereisnosimpledefinitionorsynonym,buttome"consideration"comestheclosest.Allgoodmannersarebasedonthoughtfulnessforothers,andifeveryonelivedbytheGoldenRule-"Dountoothersasyouwouldhaveothersdo

unto

you'-therewouldbenobadmannersintheworld.3Etiquette礼

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多年来，很多人都试图给"礼仪"定义，我特别喜爱的解释是在一本古老的语法书中发现的，书中这样写道，"以最友善的方式去说最友善的话，做最友善的事，这就是礼貌。"Therehavebeenmanyattemptstodefine"etiquette"overtheyears,butmyownparticularfavoritewasfoundinanoldgrammarbook.Itis,PolitenessistodoandsayThekindestthinginthekindestway.Itis,PolitenessistodoandsayThekindestthinginthekindestway.3Etiquette礼

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礼貌（的内涵）发生了变化，而对关于礼仪的书籍感兴趣的人也有了几乎同样大的变化。在《礼仪》一书的初版于1922年问世之前，人们普遍认为，对礼貌有兴趣的只有富人，即所谓"上层社会"的成员。例如，1882年于芝加哥出版的一本关于礼仪的书就说，富人们需要礼貌是为了"给他们的家和他们的财富增光添彩"，Thetypeofperson

forwhom

booksonetiquette

holdaninteresthaschangedalmostasmuchasmannersthemselves.UntilthefirsteditionofEtiquettewasprintedin1922,theideaprevailedthatmannersheldlittleinterestforanyoneotherthantherich,ormembersofso-ealled"society"AnetiquettebookprintedinChicagoin1882,forexample,statedthattherichneededgoodmannerstogive

finishand

eclattotheirhomesandtheirwealth";4Etiquette礼

仪Text中产阶级需要礼貌是要"获得进入富人家的权利"，而穷人需要礼貌则是为了"使自己在‘贫困的痛苦'中聊以自慰"。所幸的是，我们今天对于礼貌的态度已变得明智得多。正如佩格·布拉肯所言："礼貌曾仅仅用以证明一个人的教养，而今也是其热情与善意的体现。"

themiddleclassneededmanners"togainadmittanceto

thehomesoftherich";andthepoorneededmanners"tohelpfindsolaceforthe‘stingofpoverty?.Today,fortunately,ourattitudetowardmannersisfarmoresensible.AsPegBrackenwrites,"Onceaproofofyourbreeding,mannersarenowan

indicationofyourwarmheartandgoodintentionsaswell.?"4Etiquette礼

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懂得礼仪以及礼貌的行为举止有许许多多好处。它能给人带来安全感、自信心以及自尊这种美妙感受。毫无疑问，如果我们无须为如何面对所要经历的事而发愁，也就是说，如果我们知道自己是在本能地做着正确的事，我们每做一件事都会感到更加愉快。Aknowledgeofetiquette-andgoodmanners-carriesmanyadvantages.It

impartsacomfortablefeelingofsecurity,self-confidence,andself-respect.Unquestionably,weenjoyeveryexperiencemoreifwefeelthatweneednotworryabouthowtofaceit-ifweknowthatinstinctivelywearedoingtherightthing.5Etiquette礼

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我们每个人都希望随顺习俗，希望获得别人的好感，这是一种最基本的需要。当然，依照公认的行为准则行事可使我们免受批评，成为受欢迎的社会成员。尽管如此，有些准则依然是必须恪守的，这非常重要。仅仅因为"人人都这样做"并不能表明某种行为就是正确的，甚至是可以接受的。任何一种过低的或被人们摒弃的标准都应该由另一种更适合当今生活的标准来替代。Thereisadeepbasicneedinallofustoconformandtobeliked.Ofcourse,actingaccordingtoacceptedstandardshelpsustoavoidcriticismandtobecomepopularmembersofsociety.Still,itismostimportantthatcertainstandardsbemaintained.Justbecause"everyonedoesitdoesnotmakeanactioncorrectorevenacceptable.Eachstandardthatisloweredorforgottenmustbereplacedbyanotheronethatismoresuitabletolifetoday.6Etiquette礼

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我们如今在生活中或许不再那样刻板拘谨，但这并不意味着我们的生活会少一些和谐；相反，却正意味着我们应该懂得，对于我们的时代而言，什么是对的，什么是错的。如果我们公然蔑视常规习俗，我们就会受到批评。这个道理许多年前适用，今天仍然如此。hefactthatwemaylivelessformallydoesnotmeanthatweneedtoliveless

agreeably.Butitdoesmeanthatwemusthaveaknowledgeofwhatisconsideredright,orwrong,forourtimes.Itwastruemanyyearsago,anditisstilltruetoday-thatweareopento

criticismifwefloutconventiontoo

defiantly.6Etiquette礼

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最后一点，礼貌的行为举止确能增添一个人的魅力。有谁"从内心深处"不希望自己尽可能具有魅力呢？礼貌之所以得以存在，并为人们所接受，正是因为其多年以来被证明是最令人愉快、最有用、最体谅人，并且最不会令人生厌的处事方法。礼貌并不像有些人认为的那样是"规则"，而是"通往风雅得体品味的路标"。Finally,goodmannerssimplymakeonemoreattractive,andwhodoesnot,"deepdown",wanttobeasattractiveaspossible?Mannershavesurvivedorbecomeacceptedbecausetheyhaveprovedovermanyyearstobethepleasantest,mostpractical,mostconsiderate,orleastoffensivewayofdoingsomething.Theyarenot,assomepeoplethink,"rules,butrather"guidepostsontheroadtogoodtaste".7Etiquette礼

仪LanguagePointsoftheText1."Domannersandetiquette,asweusedtorecognizethem,existatall?"(Para.1)此处as引出一个方式状语从句，意为"如同……；照……的方式"（inthewayormannerthat…）。又如：

Ourdifference,asIseeit,isoneofmethodandnotofprinciple.依我之见，我们之间的分歧不是原则上的而是方法上的分歧。LanguagePointsoftheText2.Andtheyarejustasimportanttousastheyweretopreviousgenerations.(Para.2)justas…(as…):noless…(than…);equally"（与……）同样地……；不亚于……"a.Hemakesjustasmuchmoneyasyoudo.

他挣的钱正好和你挣的一样多。

LanguagePointsoftheText2.

Andtheyarejustasimportanttousastheyweretopreviousgenerations.(Para.2)

b.Youcangettherejustascheaplybyairasbytrain.

你坐飞机到那里同坐火车一样便宜。

在比较对象已经明确的上下文里，该结构中后面的as…常可省略。如：

Janeisbeautiful,andhersisterMaryisjustasbeautiful.

简很漂亮，她的妹妹玛丽和她一样漂亮。LanguagePointsoftheText3.…,andthisisasitshouldbe,becauseourlifestyleisnew.(Para.2)此处

asitshouldbe是表语从句。这一部分也可表达为…andthisisinaccordancewithwhatitshouldbe,….LanguagePointsoftheText4.Today,openness,freedom,andinformalityarethequalitiesthatwelivewith.(Para.2)livewith:toacceptortolerate…"接受或忍受（某现象）"a.Whetherwelikeitornot,wewillhavetolivewiththenewtaxlaw.

不管我们喜欢与否，我们都得接受新的税法。b.Youhavetolearntolivewithstress.

你必须学会承受压力。LanguagePointsoftheText5.Theformalitiesthatourparentsworkedhardtolearnareoutdatedandtheinformalitiesthatwepracticeseemrightfornow—sonaturaltousthatwearescarcelyconsciousofthedifference.(Para.2)1)本句中

formality和informality均用作可数名词，分别表示"礼仪；俗套"和"不拘礼节的行为举止"。又如：

a.Thephysicalexamisjustaformality.

体格检查只是例行公事而已。b.Theweddingceremonywasenlivenedbyseveralunexpectedinformalities.

婚礼由于一些出乎意料的不拘礼仪的行为而变得生动有趣。LanguagePointsoftheText5.Theformalitiesthatourparentsworkedhardtolearnareoutdatedandtheinformalitiesthatwepracticeseemrightfornow—sonaturaltousthatwearescarcelyconsciousofthedifference.(Para.2)2)…sonaturaltousthat…为插入成分，对句子前一部分的内容加以

补充说明，也可完整地表达为…andallthisseemssonaturaltousthat…LanguagePointsoftheText6.Mannersevolveoftheirownaccord,…(Para.2)ofone'sownaccord:

withoutbeingaskedorforced(todosth.);(dosth.)voluntarilyorspontaneously"出于自愿，主动地"a.It'sbetterthatshecomesofherownaccord.

她自己主动来更好。

b.Theygavegeneroushelptothosepoorpeopleoftheirownaccord.

他们自愿地给予那些穷人以慷慨的帮助。LanguagePointsoftheText7.…,buttome"consideration"comestheclosest.(Para.3)1)这部分也可表达为…,buttome"consideration"istheclosestinmeaningtotheword"etiquette".2)close(to):adj.verysimilar(to);notdifferingmuch(from)"接近于；酷似的"a.Duringtherecession,thecountry'sgrowthwasclosetozero.

该国在萧条期间的经济增长率几乎是零。

b.Histranslationofthenovelis/comesclosertotheoriginalthanmostotherversions.

他翻译的这部小说比其他大多数版本更接近原著。LanguagePointsoftheText8.…,andifeveryonelivedbytheGoldenRule…therewouldbenobadmannersintheworld.(Para.3)1)liveby:tobehaveaccordingto(acertainsetofrulesorideas)"按照（某种规则/观念）生活"a.Helivesbyastrictmoralcode.

他遵照严格的道德规范生活。b.Manypeopleproclaimadherencetoareligiousethicbutdonotlivebyit.

许多人声称他们坚持某种宗教伦理，而在生活中却并不遵守。

比较：

c.Honestmenlivebythesweatoftheirbrow.

诚实的人靠自己的辛勤劳动生活。

LanguagePointsoftheText8.…,andifeveryonelivedbytheGoldenRule…therewouldbenobadmannersintheworld.(Para.3)1)d.Smithlivesbywritingforasmallmagazine.

史密斯靠给一家小杂志写稿维持生活。2)…ifeveryonelivedby…,therewouldbenobadmanners…此句为非真实条件句，表示与实际情况相反的假设。又如：Iftheplaneflewat2000kph,itwoulddisintegrate.如果飞机以每小时2000公里的速度飞行，那就要散架了。LanguagePointsoftheText9.Thetypeofpersonforwhombooksonetiquetteholdaninterest…Untilthefrstedition…,theideaprevailedthatmannersheldlittleinterestforanyoneotherthantherich,ormembersofso-called"society".(Para.4)1)holdaninterestfor(sb.)/hold(sb.'s)interest:tointerest(vt.);tobeinterestingto;toappealto"吸引（某人的）兴趣；使（某人）有兴趣"a.Thissubjectmaybefullofinteresttoyou,butitholdsnointerestforme.

这个问题也许令你很感兴趣，我却对其兴味索然。LanguagePointsoftheText9.Thetypeofpersonforwhombooksonetiquetteholdaninterest…Untilthefrstedition…,theideaprevailedthatmannersheldlittleinterestforanyoneotherthantherich,ormembersofso-called"society".(Para.4)b.Thisbookhasheldmanyyoungreaders'interestsinceitcameouttenyearsago.

这本书自十年前问世以来一直吸引着许多年轻读者的兴趣。2)

…theideaprevailedthatmannersheldlittleinterest…:theideathatmannersheldlittleinterest…prevailed.此处that从句为同位语从句，指idea的内容。LanguagePointsoftheText9.Thetypeofpersonforwhombooksonetiquetteholdaninterest…Untilthefrstedition…,theideaprevailedthatmannersheldlittleinterestforanyoneotherthantherich,ormembersofso-called"society".(Para.4)3)otherthan:withtheexceptionof;exceptfor"除去；除……之外"a.Theyleftmewithnooptionotherthantoresign.

他们让我除了辞职外别无选择。b.Weweregivenhardlyanythingotherthandrybreadandwaterforoureveningmeal.

我们晚餐仅仅分到干面包和水。4)society:(=highsociety)n.thefashionablegroupofpeoplewhoarerichandbelongtotheupperclass"上层社会；上流社会"，如：

asocietywedding上层社会的婚礼LanguagePointsoftheText10.…thattherichneededgoodmanners"togivefinishandéclattotheirhomesandtheirwealth";themiddleclassneededmanners"togainadmittancetothehomesoftherich";andthepoorneededmanners"tohelpfndsolaceforthe‘stingofpoverty'".(Para.4)1)…togivefinishandéclattotheirhomesandtheirwealth:toaddbeautyandglorytotheirhomesandtheirwealth"……给他们的家和他们的财富增光添彩"2)gainadmittanceto:togetthepermission/righttoenter(aplace)"获准进入

（某地）"

Gainingadmittancetohisprivateclubwasnoeasymatter.

获准进入他的私人俱乐部绝不是件容易的事。LanguagePointsoftheText10.…thattherichneededgoodmanners"togivefinishandéclattotheirhomesandtheirwealth";themiddleclassneededmanners"togainadmittancetothehomesoftherich";andthepoorneededmanners"tohelpfndsolaceforthe‘stingofpoverty'".(Para.4)3)help(do)sth.:tomakeiteasierforsth.tohappen"有助于（做）某事；促成某事"a.Thefallintheoilpricewillhelpoureconomicdevelopment.

石油价格的下跌将有助于我国的经济发展。b.Thesestiffermeasureswillhelpfightterrorism.

这些更强硬的措施将有助于打击恐怖活动。LanguagePointsoftheText10.…thattherichneededgoodmanners"togivefinishandéclattotheirhomesandtheirwealth";themiddleclassneededmanners"togainadmittancetothehomesoftherich";andthepoorneededmanners"tohelpfndsolaceforthe‘stingofpoverty'".(Para.4)4)solace:n.thefeelingofemotionalcomfortorrelief"安慰；慰藉"a.Thepatientwasabletofind/seeksolaceinmusic.

那个病人能够从音乐中获得安慰。

b.Heronlysolaceinhersickbedwasthecompanyofbooks.

读书是她在病床上的唯一安慰。LanguagePointsoftheText10.…thattherichneededgoodmanners"togivefinishandéclattotheirhomesandtheirwealth";themiddleclassneededmanners"togainadmittancetothehomesoftherich";andthepoorneededmanners"tohelpfndsolaceforthe‘stingofpoverty'".(Para.4)5)sting(of):"（身体或精神上的）剧痛；痛苦；（昆虫等造成的）螫痛，刺痛"a.Theballteamfeltthestingofdefeat.

球员们为失败感到痛苦。b.Yourvisitwilltakeawaythestingofhersorrow.

你的来访会消除她的悲伤。

c.Thestingofajellyfishisverypainful.

让水母刺着是很痛的。LanguagePointsoftheText11.AsPegBrackenwrites,“Onceaproofofyourbreeding,mannersarenowanindicationofyourwarmheartandgoodintentionsaswell."(Para.4)1)as此处为关系代词，意为"正如……所……的"（afactwhich…），引出一个非限制性的关系从句，用以指主句表述的内容或部分内容。as在这样的关系从句中常作宾语、主语或其他句子成分。如：a.Theyarenot,assomepeoplethink,“rules",butrather“guidepostsontheroadtogoodtaste".（as在从句中作宾语）

礼貌并不像有些人认为的那样是“规则"，而是“通往风雅得体品味的路标"。b.AsIsaidinmylastletter,I'mtakingtheexaminJuly.（as在从句中作宾语）

（正如）我上次信里所说，我7月份要考试。

LanguagePointsoftheText11.AsPegBrackenwrites,"Onceaproofofyourbreeding,mannersarenowanindicationofyourwarmheartandgoodintentionsaswell."(Para.4)c.Despitealltheinconveniences,Janenevercomplained,asischaracteristicofher.（as在从句中作主语）

尽管有诸多不便，简从来不发牢骚，这是她的特性。2)Onceaproof…,mannersarenow…:此处

aproofofyourbreeding为manners的同位语。本句也可表达为：Manners,whichwereonceaproofofyourbreeding,arenow…3)breeding:n.trainingingoodmanners,asshownbyaperson'ssocialbehavior"教养；礼貌；有教养的举止"a.Helacksbreeding.

他缺乏教养。LanguagePointsoftheText11.AsPegBrackenwrites,"Onceaproofofyourbreeding,mannersarenowanindicationofyourwarmheartandgoodintentionsaswell."(Para.4)b.Theyounglieutenanthadanairofwealthandgoodbreeding.

看得出，这位年轻中尉出身富贵人家，有良好的教养。

比较：

Pigscommencebreedingwhentheyarefrom9to12monthsold.

猪长到9至12个月时开始生育。4)(…and)…aswell:inaddition;also;too"又……；也……"a.I'mgoingtoLondonandmysister'scomingaswell.

我要去伦敦，我妹妹也去。LanguagePointsoftheText11.AsPegBrackenwrites,"Onceaproofofyourbreeding,mannersarenowanindicationofyourwarmheartandgoodintentionsaswell."(Para.4)b.Thebooktellsabouttheauthor'slifeand(about)hiswritingsaswell.这本书介绍了这位作者的生平以及他的作品。

注意以上表达法与

aswellas;besides;inadditionto;notonly…butalso等其他若干常用结构在用法上的区别：

a.Thebooktellsabouttheauthor'slifeaswellas(about)hiswritings.b.Thebooktellsabouttheauthor'slifeinadditionto/besideshiswritings.c.Thebooktellsaboutnotonlytheauthor'swritingsbutalsohislife.LanguagePointsoftheText12.Itimpartsacomfortablefeelingofsecurity,self-confdence,andself-respect.(Para.5)impart:vt.togiveorpass(qualities,feelings,etc.)to"赋予，给予（特性、感情等）"

a.Herpresenceimpartedanairofelegancetotheceremony.

她的出席给仪式增添了高雅的气氛。

b.Themusicimpartsafeelingofexcitementtothefilm.

这种音乐赋予该电影一种令人兴奋的感觉。LanguagePointsoftheText13.Thereisadeepbasicneedin

allofustoconformandtobeliked.(Para.6)in(sb.):prep.(aspartofaperson'scharacteristicorquality)containedwithin"在（某人）身上的（特点或气质）"a.Therewasalwaysin

Henryahintofshallowness.

亨利总是显得有点浅薄。b.InherIseeafutureleader.

我看得出她是一位未来的领袖人物。

c.Wehavefoundveryunusualabilityinsuchayoungchild.

我们从这么小的孩子身上看到了非凡的才能。LanguagePointsoftheText14.

Still,itismostimportantthatcertainstandardsbemaintained.(Para.6)1)still意为"可是；然而；尽管如此"，与以ofcourse引出的前一句话构成语义转折。2)bemaintained之前省去了助动词should。在某些表达情感、意见等的that从句里，should常可省去。又如：a.Theydemandedthatthere(should)beanofficialinquiry.

他们要求进行一次正式调查。b.Itisreallynecessarythathe(should)attendthemeeting.

他非常有必要参加这个会议。LanguagePointsoftheText15.Justbecause"everyonedoesit"doesnotmake…(Para.6)Justbecause…(doesn't…):(informal)usedtosaythatalthough…,itdoesnotmeanthat…"［非正式］仅仅因为……（并不……）"a.Justbecauseyou'rebetterthanmedoesn'tmeanI'mlazy.

仅仅因为你干得比我好并不意味着我懒。b.JustbecausetheymakemoremoneythanIdodoesn'tmeanthey'resosuperior.

他们钱挣得是比我多，但这并不表明他们高人一等。

LanguagePointsoftheText15.Justbecause"everyonedoesit"doesnotmake…(Para.6)Justbecause…(doesn't…):(informal)usedtosaythatalthough…,itdoesnotmeanthat…"［非正式］仅仅因为……（并不……）"注意该结构的其他表达方式：

a.Davidseemstothinkthatjustbecausehe'sourbosshecantalktousanywayhewants.

大卫似乎认为仅仅因为他是我们的老板，他就可以随心所欲地对我们说话。b.JustbecauseIdon'tcomplain,peoplethinkI'msatisfied.

因为我没发牢骚，人们就以为我心满意足了。LanguagePointsoftheText16.Thefactthatwemaylivelessformallydoesnotmeanthatweneedtolivelessagreeably.(Para.6)

这句话也可用"justbecause…"这一结构表达：Justbecausewemaylivelessformallydoesnotmeanthatweneedtolivelessagreeably.LanguagePointsoftheText17.…,weareopentocriticismifwefoutconventiontoodefantly.(Para.6)(be)opento:(be)likelytobe(criticized,etc.);notsafefrom"容易受到……的"

a.Hisconductisopentocriticism.

他的行为易受到批评。b.Thatstatementisopentomisinterpretation/beingmisinterpreted.

那项声明易被人误解。c.Don'tlayyourselfopentoridicule.

不要使自己易于招别人嘲笑。LanguagePointsoftheText18.Finally,goodmannerssimplymakeonemoreattractive,andwhodoesnot,"deepdown",wanttobeasattractiveaspossible?(Para.7)1)此处的

attractive不是指容貌或外表的漂亮、好看（beautiful;good-looking），而是指因有礼貌、行为举止得体而具有魅力，令人愉悦（pleasant;agreeable）。2)deepdown:(informal)deepinone'sconscience,feelings,imagination,etc."［非正式］在（自己的良心、情感、想象等）深处"a.Iknew,deepdown,thatIwouldhavetoadmitmyguilt.

我心里明白，我应当承认自己的过错。

LanguagePointsoftheText18.Finally,goodmannerssimplymakeonemoreattractive,andwhodoesnot,"deepdown",wanttobeasattractiveaspossible?(Para.7)b.DeepdownI,too,hatebeingindebttoanyone.

从内心深处，我同样不愿意受任何人的恩惠。3)…whodoesnot…asattractiveaspossible?这是一个修辞性问句（rhetoricalquestion）。

修辞性问句在形式上是疑问句，而在意义上相当于一个强调的陈述句。又如：

a.Isn'titlovelyweathertoday?(=Theweathertodayisindeedverylovely.)b.Whodoesn'tknowthat?(=Everybodyknowsthat.)c.Whoknowshowlongthewarwilllast?(=Nooneknowshowlongthewarwilllast.)LanguagePointsoftheText19.Theyarenot,assomepeoplethink,"rules",butrather"guidepostsontheroadtogoodtaste".(Para.7)not…butrather…:not…butinstead…;not…buttothecontrary"并非……而是……"a.Hewasnotaherobutratheracoward.

他根本不是个英雄，而是个懦夫。b.Idonotadmirethemanbutratherhaveagreatcontemptforhim.

我并不钦佩那个人，而是很鄙视他。

c.Thesituationwasnobetterbutrathergrewworse.

情况并没有好转，相反，却变得更糟。NewWords

uncommon/ʌnˈkɒmən/adj.notcommon,unusual不普通的，不寻常的

etiquette/ˈetɪket/n.

theformalrulesofproper(social)behavior礼仪，礼节

outdated/ˌaʊtˈdeɪtɪd/adj.

1.nolongeringeneraluse不再使用的；2.outofdate陈旧的，过时的

hypocritical/ˌhɪpəˈkrɪtɪkəl/adj.伪善的，虚伪的

self-discipline/ˌselfˈdɪsəplɪn/n.(powerof)controllingone'sownhabits,actionsanddesires自律(力),自我约束NewWordsformality/fɔːˈmæl.ə.ti/n.1.

carefulobservanceofrulesandacceptedformsofproperbehavior拘谨，遵守礼节；2.

aformalactionorprocedurethatisrequiredorconventional礼节，俗套openness/ˈəʊpənnəs/n.thequality

ofbeinghonestandnotkeepingthings

secret公开，坦率，坦诚informality/ˌɪnfɔːˈmæləti/n.1.beinginformal不拘礼节；2.aninformalact不拘礼节的举动obsolete/ˌɒbsəlˈiːt/adj.1.nolongerused已废弃的；2.completelyoutofdate已完全过时的synonym/ˈsɪnənɪm/n.aword

withthesamemeaningornearlythesamemeaningasanotherwordofthesamelanguage同义词，近义词NewWordsunto/ˈʌntuː/prep.(olduse)

to,

toward

[旧式用法]

对，向politeness/pəˈlaɪtnəs/n.1.

thequalityofbeingpolite

有礼貌，客气；2.

politeact

有礼貌的表现so-called/ˌsəʊˈkɔːld/adj.(oftenderogatory)

calledornamedso,butoftenimproperlyorundeservedly[常贬]

所谓的，号称的finish/ˈfɪnɪʃ/n.thestateofbeingfinishedorperfect

完成的或完美的状态éclat/eɪˈklɑː/n.(literary)

praiseandadmiration

[文]

赞扬，喝彩NewWordsadmittance

/ədˈmɪtəns/prep.(formal)

[正式]

1.

allowingorbeingallowedtoenter

准许或获准进入；2.

rightofentrance进入的权利solace/ˈsɒlɪs/n.(formal)

afeelingofemotionalcomfortatatimeofgreatsadnessordisappointment[正式]

安慰，慰藉sting

/stɪŋ/adj.anysharppainofbodyormind

(身体上或精神上的)

剧痛

breeding/ˈbriːdɪŋ/n.(goodmannersresultingfrom)

trainingorfamilybackground

教养

indication/ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/n.asignorsuggestionthattellssomething

指示，标示，象征，迹象NewWordsimpart/ɪmˈpɑːt/vt.(formal)[正式]toshare,giveorpass(qualities,feelings,etc.)赋予、给予(特性、感情等)unquestionably/ʌnˈkwestʃənəbli/adv.doubtlessly,

certainly,

absolutely无可置疑地，毫无疑问地accepted/əkˈseptɪd/adj.1.generallyapprovedorused公认的；2.established被普遍接受或采用的acceptable/əkˈseptəbəl/adj.(ofbehavior,etc.)

satisfactory,

worthaccepting,morallyorsociallygoodenough

(行为等)

可接受的agreeably/əˈɡriːəbli/adv.pleasantly愉快地NewWordsflout

/flaʊt/vt.1.

totreatwithoutrespect

藐视，无视；2.

togoagainst

违抗convention/kənˈvenʃən/adv.(an

exampleof)

generallyacceptedpractice,

esp.

withregardtosocialbehavior

惯例，常规，习俗defiantly/dɪˈfaɪəntli/adj.1.

showingdefiance

公然违抗地；2.boldly

冒昧地offensive/əˈfensɪv/adj.1.

causingoffence

冒犯的；2.

utterlyunpleasant令人讨厌的guidepost/ˈɡaɪdpəʊst/adv.路标

(=signpost)Phrases&Expressions

of

one's

own

accordvoluntarily,

spontaneously出于自愿，主动地holdaninterestfor(somebody)/hold(somebody's)interest吸引(某人的)兴趣，使(某人)有兴趣gainadmittancetotobepermittedtoenter获准进入……,

获得进入……的权利help(do)something有助于(做)某事，促成某事Phrases&Expressions

beopen

totobelikelytoreceiveor

experience

容易受到……的，容易被

……not..butrather并非……而是……ProperNamesThe

Golden

Rule金科玉律；指导原则；(基督教《圣经·新约》中的)待人规则Chicago/ʃɪˈkɑːgəʊ/芝加哥(美国城市名)PegBracken/peɡˈbrækən/佩格·布拉肯(人名)CulturalBackgroundandRelatedinformation1TheGoldenRule一"Dountoothersasyouwouldhaveothersdountoyou.""你想别人怎样对待你，你就要怎样对待别人。"此处指基督教《圣经》中提到的道德行为准则，亦作"Dotootherswhatyouwouldhavethemdotoyou";"Dotoothersasyouwouldhavethemdotoyou";"Whateveryouwishthatmenwoulddotoyou,dosotothem";"Doasyouwouldbedoneby"2themiddleclass

中产阶级，在当代西方社会，主要指收入比较丰厚的白领阶层，包括工商业者、医生、律师和教师等专业技术人员以及政府部门管理人员等。ReadingComprehensionDecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).Thengobacktothetextforacheckofyourunderstanding.Youshouldtellwhichline(s)ofwhichparagraphsupport(s)you.Finally,workinpairstocorrectthosefalsestatements.ReadingComprehensionFactSearching1Theauthorbelievesthatpeopletodaymaydowellwithoutmannersandetiquettesincetimesaredifferentnow.Line(s)____Para_______._________________________________________________________________________2Obviously,thequalitiesthatpeoplelivewithtodayaremoreappropriateandreasonablethanthosepursuedbypreviousgenerations.

Line(s)______Para____.______________________________________________________________________________Theauthorstronglybelievesthatmannersandetiquettearenolessimportanttopeopletodaythantopreviousgenerationsthoughnewanddifferentmannershavereplacedthoseoldonesasaresultofthechanginglifestyle.Itistruethattodaywelivewithdifferentqualitiesfromthoseofthepast,butthisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatoursaremoreappropriateandreasonable.Mannersevolveandch