Unit3BacktothePastExtendedreadingProject知识点课件-高中英语译林版（2020）选择性

UNIT

3

Back

to

the

pastSection

D

Extended

reading&ProjectLead-inTalkaboutthefollowingpictures.But

nobody

ate

their

breakfast:at

that

moment

there

wasa

huge

crashingsoundfromabove.Theship

shook

violently

and

the

men

looked

at

each

other

in

horror.Above

their

heads,hundreds

ofJapanese

planes

circled

like

eagles.They

were

diving

down

to

drop

bombs

on

Pearl

Harbor.Thescream

of

their

engines

was

deafening.As

bombsthundered

all

around,clouds

of

black

smoke

roseinto

the

sky

and

hung

over

the

sea.Russell

felt

his

blood

freeze,but

he

quickly

came

to

himself

and

rushed

up

to

the

deck.Moments

later,a

bomb

hit

the

USS

Arizona

and

Russell

was

thrown

morethan100meters

across

the

ship.He

suffered

serious

burns

on

his

hands,arms

and

legs,andwatched

many

ofhis

friends

die.Readthearticleabouttheattackon

Pearl

Harbor.It

was

Sunday,December7,1941.As

usual,the

wake-up

call

came

at

5:45

a.m.The

men

aboard

thewarship

USS

Arizonastretchedand

rubbed

their

eyes.Seaman

Russell

Warriner

wasawakened

by

QuartermasterLouisConter.Russellmadehisbed

and

helped

clean

the

huge,shared

room.Themen

went

to

the

washroom,dressed

in

their

uniforms

andsat

down

to

breakfast.It

looked

like

it

would

be

a

normal

day

on

board

the

ship.Louis,meanwhile,also

standing

on

the

deck,was

lucky

not

to

be

thrown

into

the

sea.With

onlyminor

injuries,he

was

able

to

help

others

who

were

severely

burnt

and

in

terrible

pain.Afterreceiving

the

order

to

abandon

ship,Louis

saved

more

men

from

the

water,dragging

them

into

thelifeboat.In

the

chaos

and

confusion

after

the

attack,the

US

Navy

sent

a

message

to

his

family

thatLouis

had

been

killed

in

the

attack.Luckily,he

was

able

to

get

in

touch

with

them

before

the

messagearrived.Despite

his

remarkable

actions

Louis

did

not

think

that

he

was

a

hero."The

heroes

are

theones

that

gave

their

lives

that

day,"he

said.Russell

was

saved

from

the

water,but

he

was

badly

burnt,bleeding

heavily.Fortunately,he

wastaken

to

hospital

and

survived.For

many

years,Russell

refused

to

talk

about

what

happened

thatmorning,describing

it

simply

as

"hell".His

wife

Elsa

said,"When

he

opened

up

later

on,he

alwaysmentioned

the

horror

of

it."Louis

and

Russell

would

never

forget

the

terrible

scene

ofthe

attack,but

they

were

fortunate

enough

tobe

among

the

few

survivors

from

the

Arizona.Nobody

had

expected

the

bombing.Japan

had

hatched

aplot

to

launch

a

surprise

attack

on

Pearl

Harbor,so

the

attack

began

without

warning

and

withoutdeclaring

war

on

the

United

States.The

attack

destroyed

nearly

20

American

ships

and

over

180airplanes.In

total,more

than

2,000

American

people

were

killed

and

over

100

others

were

woundedthat

day.More

than

1000

people

aboard

the

Arizona

lost

their

lives.Out

of

37

sets

ofbrothers,Russell

and

his

brother

were

the

only

full

pain

to

survive

the

attack.The

surprise

attack

came

as

a

great

shock

to

the

whole

nation.The

next

day

President

Rooseveltdelivered

his

famous

Pearl

Harbor

Speech

in

which

he

described

December

7

as

"a

date

which

will

livein

infamy"and

asked

that

the

US

Congress

declare

war

on

Japan.In

response

to

the

attack

and

thepresident's

address,the

United

Statesjoined

the

Second

World

War.Today,theUSSArizona

lieswhere

it

sank:inthe

middle

of

the

Pacific

Ocean.Its

location

is

markedwith

a

memorial

shaped

like

abridge,which

crosses

the

ship's

sunken

remains.Each

year,more

than

twomillionpeoplevisitthememorial.Theycometoseethe

shadowof

the

ship

at

thebottom

of

Pearl

Harbor,tolearn

aboutthe

attack,to

showrespect

forthosewhohad

lost

their

lives

in

the

attack

and

topray

forworldpeace.Although

about

eight

decadeshaspassed,the

attack

on

Pearl

Harbor,one

of

thedarkestepisodesinAmerican

history,will

neverbe

forgotten.TimeEventBefore

the

attackAs

usual,the

wake-up

call

came

at

5:45

a.m.The

men

aboard

the

warship

USS

Arizonawent

to

the

washroom,dressed

in

their

uniforms

and

sat

down

to

breakfast.Duringthe

attackHundreds

of

Japanese

planes

circled

like

eagles

and

dropped

bombs

on

Pearl

Harbor,

and

one

hit

the

USSArizona

from

above.Clouds

of

black

smoke

rose

into

the

sky

andhung

over

the

sea.Russell

was

severely

injured.Louis

helped

the

injured

ones

and

saved

more

men

from

water

even

after

receiving

the

order

to

abandon

ship.Russell

was

saved

and

survived.Afterthe

attackThe

surprise

attack

caused

a

lot

of

deaths

and

losses

of

ships

and

airplanes.The

day

after

the

attack,the

US

Congress

declared

war

on

Japan,which

meant

that

theUnited

States

joined

the

Second

World

War.NowToday,the

USS

Arizona

lies

where

it

sank

and

its

location

is

marked

with

a

memorial

shaped

like

a

bridge.Each

year,more

than

two

million

people

visit

the

memorial.People

will

never

forget

the

attack

on

Pearl

Harbor,one

of

the

darkest

episodes

in

Americanhistory.ACompletethetable

belowwiththe

information

from

the

article.BWhyshouldwe

neverforgettheattackon

Pearl

Harbor?We

should

never

forget

the

attack

on

Pearl

Harbor

because

it

is

a

reminder

ofthe

horror

ofwar.Many

lives

are

lost

in

wars.Families

are

torn

apart

and

those

who

survive

wars

are

often

left

withinjuries

to

their

bodies

or

their

minds.The

traumas

of

war

make

it

difficult

for

them

to

live

anormallifeafterexperiencingthingssofrightening

like

bombs

thundering,things

being

destroyed,

andpeoplestruggling.Furthermore,theattack

on

Pearl

Harbor

should

be

a

reminder

thatmaintaining

peace

throughout

the

world

is

the

only

way

this

kind

of

tragedy

would

never

happen

again.Language

points1The

men

aboard

the

warship

USS

Arizona

stretched

and

rubbed

their

eyes.美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰上的人们伸了伸懒腰，揉了揉眼睛。aboard

prep.&adv.

在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等)We

went

aboard.

我们上了船。He

was

already

aboard

the

plane.他已经登机了。Theplanecrashed,killingall

157passengersaboard.

飞机坠毁，飞机上157名乘客全部遇难。

The

train

is

about

to

leave.Allaboard!

火车即将离站，请所有乘客上车!【拓展】board

v.

上(船、火车、飞机、公共汽车等)The

ship

was

boarded

by

customs

officials.海关官员登上了这艘船。Passengers

are

waiting

to

board.乘客们正在候机。词块背诵welcome

us

aboard

迎候我们登机aboardthespacestation

在太空站上aboard

the

plane

登

机辨析aboard,board,

abroad

与broadaboard

prep.&adv.在(车、船、飞机、火车等)上；上(车、船、飞机、火车等)go

aboard

上船(飞机、火车等)board

v.上(船、火车、飞机等);寄宿n.木板；膳食；董事会on

board

在船(飞机、火车)上abroad

adv.在国外；到国外

go

abroad

出国at

home

and

abroad国内外broadadj.

广阔的，宽阔的；广泛的

a

broad

river

一条宽阔的河完成句子(1)Nobody

is

allowedaboardtheplane/toboardtheplane(登机)without

a

security

check.(2)Ijumped_aboard

the

boat

(上小船)and

we

set

off

for

the

island.辨析填空：aboard/abroad/board/broad(3)Abroad

valley

opened

up

leading

to

a

high

flat

plateau.(4)ThebooksaboutHarryPotterareverypopularnow,bothat

home

andabroad.(5)Theysaidgoodbye

to

him

as

he

gotaboardthe

train

at

the

station.(6)When

all

the

people

were

on

board,theboatboreaway.2

The

ship

shook

violently.….船体猛烈摇晃

……violently

adv.

猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地Sheshookherheadviolently.她拼命摇头。【拓

展

】(1)violent

adj.暴力的，粗暴的；强烈的，猛烈的Childrenshouldnotbeallowedtowatch

violent

movies.不应允许儿童看暴力电影。(2)violence

n.暴力，暴行Thejudge

said

that

it

was

not

legal

to

attack

other

people

with

violence.法官说用暴力攻击别人是不合法的。词块背诵by/withviolence用暴力

dosb.violence

对某人施暴单句语法填空(1)Theyare

violently

(violent)opposed

to

the

idea.(3)She

had

a_

violent

(violence)quarrel

with

the

rude

man.

(2)A

lot

of

viewers

complained

that

there

was

too

much

violence

(violent)in

the

film.3They

were

diving

down

to

drop

bombs

on

Pearl

Harbor.它们正俯冲下来，将炸弹投向珍珠港。dive

vi.&n.(1)vi.

俯冲；跳水；潜水搭配diveforb

、,扑进，躲进，钴研，理头于We

dived

into

the

river

to

cool

off.

我们一头跳进河里，凉快一下。The

goalkeeper

dived

for

the

ball.

守门员一个鱼跃向球扑去。ThemainpurposeofhisholidaytoGreecewas

to

go

diving.他到希腊度假的主要目的就是去潜水。(2)n.

冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水搭配：make

a

dive

for向.....扑去，潜水寻找Theplane

made

a

dive

to

alower

altitude.飞机俯冲到较低高度。单句语法填空(1)When

chased

by

the

police,the

thief

tried

to

escape

by

diving

(dive)into

a

river.(2)The

submarine

dived

(dive)just

in

time

to

avoid

the

enemy

attack.(3)As

she

dived

into

the

pool,the

water

felt

deliciously

cool

on

her

skin.4As

bombs

thunderedallaround.…四周炸弹发出轰隆隆的声音

……thunder

vi.

轰隆隆地响；打雷

n.

雷，雷声The

train

thundered

through

the

small

station.火车轰隆隆地驶过那个小站。Theskygrewdarkanditstarted

to

thunder.天色变暗，开始打雷了。With

thunder

and

lightning,

itwasrainingcatsanddogs.雷电交加，雨倾盆而下。

词块背诵thunderandlightning

雷电交加aclapofthunder一声霹雳单句语法填空(1)The

train

thundered

(thunder)past,shaking

the

whole

house.(2)There

was

a

_clap

of

thunder

and

it

started

to

pour

with

rain.5

Russell

felt

his

blood

freeze.….

拉塞尔感到自己的血液都凝固了

…

.

…freeze

vi.&vt.(froze,frozen)

突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵The

smile

froze

on

her

lips.

她脸上的笑容僵住了。It's

so

cold

that

even

the

river

has

frozen.天气冷得河都封冻了。Two

men

froze

to

death/were

frozen

to

death

on

the

mountain.有两个男人在山上冻死了。【拓展】(1)freezing

adj.

极冷的；冰冻的It's

freezinginhere!I'm

freezing!这儿冷得不得了!我要冻僵了!(2)frozen

adj.结冰的，冻僵的，冷冻的；吓呆的He

put

one

hand

up

to

his

frozen

face.他抬起一

只手放在他冻僵的脸上。

She

stared

at

him,frozen

with

shock.

她惊呆了，直瞪着他。词块背诵freeze

to

death/be

frozen

to

death

冻

死a

frozen

pond

冰冻的池塘freezing

cold

极为寒冷befrozenwith

因…....而呆住单句语法填空(1)

She

froze

(freeze)whenthebeamoftheflashlightstruckher.(2)

It

was

freezing

(freeze)as

we

walked

home

last

night.(3)The

earthwouldbeafrozen

(freeze)ball

if

it

were

not

for

the

radiant

heat

of

the

sun.(4)Ashespoke,hestoppedsuddenly,frozen

with

terror.(5)Water

freezes

(freeze)at

0℃.6

Louis,meanwhile,also

standing

on

the

deck,was

lucky

not

to

be

throwninto

the

sea.

与此同时，路易也站在甲板上，就幸运得多，他并没有被甩到大海里。meanwhile

adv.同时；其间；对比之下(=meantime)搭配：in

the

meanwhile/meantime

在此期间；与此同时Mother

went

shopping;

meanwhile,

I

cleanedthehouse.妈妈去买东西，与此同时，我打扫房子。Please

find

a

taxi,and

in

the

meanwhile

I'll

pack

some

food.请找辆出租车，同时我打包一些食物。完成句子I

hope

to

go

to

medical

school.

In

the

meanwhile/meantime

(在此期间),I

am

going

to

studychemistry.7...Louis

saved

more

men

from

the

water,dragging

them

into

the

lifeboat.……路易又从水里救上来更多的人，将他们拖到救生艇上。drag

vt.拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动；过得很慢Tdrag

by

过得很慢；拖沓地进行搭配8e

大

，特

中按

出The

last

few

weeks

of

the

summer

really

dragged

by.夏天最后的几个星期过得真是慢啊。There'snotellinghowlong

the

talks

could

drag

on.谁也说不准谈判还会拖多久。I

managed

to

drag

myself

out

of

bed.

我总算硬撑着从床上爬了起来。

单句语法填空(1)Pick

the

chair

up

instead

of

dragging

(drag)it

behind

you!(2)The

first

half

of

the

movie

was

interesting

but

the

second

half.

dragged

(drag)on.(3)He

tried

to

drag

himself

out

of

the

situation

of

despair.8

Inthechaosandconfusionafterthe

attack...在袭击之后的混乱中

……chaos

n.混乱，杂乱搭配：in

chaos

混乱；纷乱Thehousewasin

chaos

aftertheparty.聚会后，房子里一片狼藉。词块背诵cause

traffic

chaos

造成交通混乱单句语法填空If

a

school

doesn't

have

any

rules

to

manage

its

students,the

whole

school

will

be

in

chaos.9...but

he

was

badly

burnt,bleeding

heavily.…

…

但是他严重烧伤，大量出血。bleed

vi.(bled,bled)

失血，流血搭配：

bleed

to

death

流血而死Ifleftalone,the

dogwould

slowly

bleed

to

death.如果不去管它，狗会慢慢流血而死。

Hisheadhadstruckthe

sinkand

was

bleeding.他的头撞到了洗涤池上，正在流血。This

results

in

internal

bleeding.这导致了内出血。单句语法填空(1)Take

a

quick

look

to

see

if

the

victim

is

bleeding

(bleed),and

if

there

is

a

pulse.(2)Blood

(bleed)was

pouring

out

of

a

cut

on

her

head10Japan

had

hatched

a

plot

to

launch

a

surprise

attack

on

Pearl

Harbor...日本密谋了对珍珠港的偷袭

……hatch

vt.密谋，策划；使孵出vi.

孵化；孵出Have

you

been

hatching

up

a

deal

with

her?你是不是在和她密谋什么交易?Tenchicks

hatched(out)this

morning.

今早有十只小鸡出壳了。词块背诵hatch

a

plot

策划阴谋hatch

a

plan密谋计划hatch(up)a

deal

密谋交易

hatch

eggs孵化鸡蛋单句语法填空(1)They

met

in

a

pub

and

hatched

(hatch)a

plot

to

steal

an

important

document

from

thecompany.(2)Don't

count

your

chickens

before

they

are

hatched

(hatch).plot

n.阴谋；故事情节

vi.&vt.

密

谋The

plot

wasdiscoveredbeforeitwas

carried

out.这个阴谋还未得逞就暴露了。The

book

is

well

organizedintermsofplot.这本书的故事布局十分严谨。词块背诵uncover

a

plot

揭穿阴谋

plot

to

do

sth.

密谋做某事单句语法填空(1)

The

plots

(plot)ofhisbooks

are

basically

all

the

same.(2)They're_plotting

(plot)to

take

over

the

company.11Today,the

USSArizona

lieswhere

itsank...如今，美国"亚利桑那号"战列舰还位于当年沉船的位置

….

…where

引导地点状语从句(1)where引导地点状语从句，意思是“在

…....地方”。We

must

camp

where

we

can

get

water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。(2)where

引导地点状语从句与定语从句的区别：where

引导定语从句时，从句前有一个表示地点的名词作先行词，而状语从句前则没有。Iwalkintothe

canteenwhere

students

areeating.我走进了同学们正在吃饭的食堂。(定语从句)指出从句的类型(1)We

arrived

at

his

house,where

we

had

dinner.定语从句(2)He

advised

me

to

live

where

the

air

is

fresh.

地点状语从句(3)Keep

it

where

you

can

see

it.地点状语从句sink

vi.&vt.

(sank,sunk)

下沉，沉没；坐下；降低The

ship

sank

to

the

bottom

of

the

sea.

船沉入海底。The

wheels

started

to

sink

into

the

mud.

车轮渐渐陷进泥里。Shesankbackintoherseat,exhausted.她筋疲力尽，又坐回椅子上。The

sun

was

sinking

in

the

west.太阳西下。词块背诵the

sinking

sun

夕阳

sinkinthought

陷入沉思单句语法填空(1)She

sighed

and

sank

(sink)into

a

chair,not

knowing

what

to

do.(2)The

legs

of

the

garden

chair

sank

into

_the

soft

ground.12

Its

location

is

marked

with

a

memorial

shaped

like

a

bridge..

.一座形似桥梁的纪念馆横跨在沉船残骸上，标示出它的方位

…...memorial

n.

纪念碑(或像等);纪念物adj.纪念的，悼念的The

painting

will

be

a

lasting

memorial

to

a

remarkablewoman.这幅油画将成为对一位杰出女性的永久纪念。A

memorial

service

is

being

held

in

the

square.

一场悼念仪式正在广场举行。词块背诵a

war

memorial战争纪念碑

a

memorial

statue

纪念像单句语法填空(1)The

museum

will

serve

as

a

memorial

to

_the

millions

who

passed

through

Ellis

Island.(2)The

statue

was

built

as

a

memorial

to

those

who

died

in

the

war.13

.…to

pray

for

world

peace.……为世界和平祈祷。pray

vi.&vt.

企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告搭配

prayfor.…

祈祷

…

.

…

;企盼

…

..pray+that宾语从句祈祷....We're

praying

for

good

weather

on

Saturday.我们十分企盼星期六是个晴天。Iprayedthatnobodywouldnoticemymistake.我祈祷没人注意到我的错误。词块背诵pray

to

be

forgiven

祈求宽恕单句语法填空(1)He

spent

his

time

in

prison

praying

(pray)and

studying.(2)During

the

holidays,some

people

would

visit

temples

to

pray

for

happiness,

wealth

and

health.15Machine

designs

were

reformed

and

the

textile

output

increasedconsiderably.