世纪末世纪初的英国文学

HistoricalBackgroundLiteraryTendencies1.Realism2.TheIrishDramaticMovement3.Modernism

PartIX.20thCenturyLiterature大家好1ThomasHardy

(1840-1928)大家好2JohnGalsworthy

(1867–1933)“TheForsyteSaga”“AModernComedy”WinneroftheNobelPrizeinLiterature1932大家好3TheninenovelswhichmakeupTheForsyteChronicles-oneofthemostpopularandenduringworksof20thcenturyliterature-chronicletheebbingsocialpowerofthecommercialupper-middleclassForsytefamilybetween1886and1920.Galsworthy'smasterlynarrativeexaminesnotonlytheirfortunesbutalsothewiderdevelopmentswithinsociety,particularlythechangingpositionofwomen.TheauthorhasdrawnafascinatingandaccuratelydetailedpictureoftheBritishpropertiedclassTheForsyteChronicles大家好4OftenincorrectlycalledTheForsyteSaga-theninenovelsequenceproperlyknownasTheForstyeChroniclescontainsthreetrilogiesThefirsttrilogyisTheForsyteSaga(TheManofProperty-InChancery-ToLet).

Thesecondtrilogy-AModernComedy(TheWhiteMonkey-TheSilverSpoon-SwanSong)Thethirdandconcludingtrilogy-EndoftheChapter(MaidinWaiting-FloweringWilderness-One

MoreRiver).Thethreetrilogies大家好5大家好6大家好7大家好8JosephConrad

1857–1924Polish-bornBritishnovelistnotedasamasterofatmosphereandnarrativetechnique.HisworksincludeLordJim(1900),HeartofDarkness(1902)Nostromo(1904).大家好9GeorgeBernardShaw:

(1856-1950)

“UnpleasantPlays”“PleasantPlays”followerofIbsenism,andfamousfor“ProblemPlays”大家好10“UnpleasantPlays”---“Widower’sHouses”(1893)---“Mrs.Warren’sProfession”(1898)大家好11“PleasantPlays”---“ArmsandtheMan”(1894)---“HeartbreakHouse”(1920)---“MajorBarbara”(1905)---“JohnBull’sOtherIsland”(1904)---“ManandSuperman”(1903)---“Pygmalion”(1913)---“BacktoMethuselah”(1921)---“St.Joan”(1929)---“TheAppleCart”(1929)大家好12

AsaTerm

ModernisminEnglishPoetry

T.S.Eliot

ModernisminEnglishFiction

1.HenryJames2.Conrad3.D.H.Lawrence4.JamesJoyce5.VirginiaWoolf

Modernism大家好13ModernismThetermModernismusuallyreferstotheearlypartofthe20thcentury—sometimesbeginningwiththe1stWorldWarin1914,andcontinuingthroughthe1930sorso—perhapsuptothe2ndWorldWar.Modernismisdefinedbyitsrejectionoftheliteraryconventionsofthenineteenthcenturyandbyitsoppositiontoconventionalmorality,taste,traditions,andeconomicvalues.大家好14TheMostInfluentialModernistsSomeofthemostinfluentialmodernistwriterstriedsomeradicalexperimentswithform:PoetslikePoundandEliotworkinginfreeverseNovelistslikeJoyce,Woolf,experimentingwithstreamofconsciousnessandelaboratelanguagegames.

大家好15ThreePhilosophicalBackgroundsAsopposedtohistoriccauses:WWITheDepressionAmerica/EuropefeelinglostKarlMarx马克思SigmundFreud弗洛伊德FriedrichWilhelm

Nietzsche尼采大家好16KarlMarx-Economicdeterminism(经济决定论认为一切社会、政治、文化和智力活动均为社会经济组织的产物)-HumanbehaviorcontrolledbyforcesOUTSIDEself

-Classstruggle,workersuniteforutopianchange大家好17SigmundFreud-Psychoanalysis

-Psychologicaldeterminism

-ManbehaviorfromforcesINSIDEtheself

-Interiorforces,man'staboosandrulesgovernselfandworld

-Self-analysis大家好18FriedrichWilhelmNietzsche-GodisDead

-Economicandpsychologicaldeterminism

-Nodivinepatterns,searchformeaning

-Tryingtoput"world"backintosomekindofform,structure

-Spiritualruinsafterthewar,whatisthemeaningoflife大家好19SocialPictureofthePeriod-Riseofcities

-Dehumanization(非人性化),anonymity(匿名，不知姓名)ofpeople

-Classstructurechanging

-Advancingtechnology

-Politics:revolutions,wars-Physics:quantumphysics(量子物理学),Einstein,uncertaintyprinciple

-Religion:Godisdead,everythingismeaningless大家好20Characteristics1.Alienationfromsocietyandloneliness2.Procrastination(拖延，延宕)

/Aninabilitytoact3.Agonizedrecollectionofthepast-constantflashbacksintothepast

4.Fearofdeathandtheappearanceofdeath大家好215.Inabilitytofeelorexpresslove6.Worldasawasteland:Poorenvironmentalportrayal7.MancreatinghisownmythswithinhismindtofallbackuponCharacteristics大家好22ImagisminPoetryImagismwasanAnglo-Americanpoeticmovementflouringinthe1910s.Theprinciplesare:

touselanguageofcommonspeechtoemployalwaystheexactwordtocreatenewrhythmstopresentanimagetoproducepoetrythatishardandclear大家好23

Wordsorphrasesoranyexpressionsthatcreatepicturesinthereader’smindareimages.Imagescanappealtosenses:seeing,hearing,touch,taste,smellandmovement.Image（意象）大家好24W.B.Yeats1923NobelPrizewinningIrishdramatist,authorandpoet

大家好25T.S.Eliot“TheWasteLand”“TheFourQuarters”大家好26WhentheeveningisspreadoutagainsttheskyLikeapatientetherizeduponatable;IhavemeasuredoutmylifewithcoffeespoonsTospitoutallthebutt-endsofmydaysandways?Notes:1.Etherize:以醚麻醉2.butt-end:烟头大家好27StreetsthatfollowlikeatediousargumentOfinsidiousintentToleadyoutoanoverwhelmingquestion.Igrowold…Igrowold…IshallwearThebottomsofmytrousersrolled.Insidious:狡猾的,危险的大家好28Artforart’ssakeAsloganmeaningthatthebeautyofthefineartsisreasonenoughforpursuingthem—thatartdoesnothavetoservepurposestakenfrompolitics,religion,economics,andsoon.

SamuelTaylorColeridge,EdgarAllanPoe,andOscarWildearguedforthedoctrineofartforart'ssake.大家好29OscarWilde,anaesthete

(1854-1900)

IrishpoetanddramatistwhosereputationrestsonhiscomicmasterpiecesLadyWindermere'sFan(1892)andTheImportanceofBeingEarnest(1895).

AmongWilde'sotherbest-knownworksarehisonlynovelThePictureofDorianGray(1891)andhisfairytalesespecially"TheHappyPrince."

大家好30ListofHisWorksFictionThePictureofDorianGray

PlaysAnIdealHusband

TheImportanceofBeingEarnest

ShortStoriesTheDevotedFriend

TheHappyPrince

TheNightingaleandtheRose

TheRemarkableRocket

TheSelfishGiant大家好31EssaysTheCriticAsArtist

DeProfundis

TheDecayOfLying:AnObservation

Pen,Pencil,AndPoison-AStudyInGreen

TheSoulOfManUnderSocialism

TheTruthOfMasks-aNoteOnIllusion

PoetryApologia

MadonnaMia

OnTheMassacreOfTheChristiansInBulgaria

TheGraveOfShelley大家好32QuotationsAlittlesincerityisadangerousthing,andagreatdealofitisabsolutelyfatal.Amancanbehappywithanywomanaslongashedoesnotloveher.Illusionisthefirstofallpleasures.Morality,likeart,meansdrawingalinesomeplace.Manisleasthimselfwhenhetalksinhisownperson.Givehimamask,andhewilltellyouthetruth.Theaimoflifeisself-development.Torealizeone'snatureperfectly-thatiswhateachofusisherefor.大家好33ThePsychologicalNovelWhilemodernistpoetryaroseasabreakwith19th–centuryRomanticism,modernistfictionrepresentedatrenddriftingawayfromthetraditionof19th-centuryrealism.

Modernistfictionputemphasisonthedescriptionofthecharacters’psychologicalactivities,andsohassometimesbeencalledmodernpsychologicalfiction.大家好34HenryJames

(1843-1916)

American-bornwriter,giftedwithtalentsinliterature,psychology,andphilosophy.Jameswrote20novels,112stories,12playsandanumberofliterarycriticism.

Fiction

ThePortraitofaLady

ShortStoriesDaisyMiller

大家好35D.H.Lawrence

(1885-1930)TheWhitePeacock(1911)SonsandLovers(1913)TheRainbow(1915)WomeninLove(1921)ThePlumedSerpent(1926)LadyChatterley’sLover(1928)大家好36The“StreamofConsciousness”SchoolofNovelThe“StreamofConsciousness”isapsychologicaltermindicating“theflux(aflow;continuousmovementandchange)ofconsciousandsubconsciousthoughtsandimpressionsmovinginthemindatanygiventimeindependentlyoftheperson’swill”.大家好37Inthe20thcentury,undertheinfluenceofFreud’stheoryofpsychologicalanal