2025届四川省成都市郫都区三模英语试题 含解析

成都市郫都区高2022级阶段性检测（三）英语本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，务必将自己的姓名、考籍号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。2.答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。3.所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。4.考试结束后，只将答题卡交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Cookathome.B.Exploreastreet.C.Eatout.2.Whichdeskisthemangoingtobuy?A.Theonewithtwodrawers.B.Theonewiththreedrawers.C.Theonewithnoholder.3.Howdoesthewomandescribehermove?A.Stressful.B.Pleased.C.Unexpected.4.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inabank.B.Inagrocerystore.C.Inapostoffice.5.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Acourse.B.Aninstrument.C.Asport.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howdoesthewomanspeakersoundatfirst?A.Amused.B.Relaxed.C.Disbelieved.7.WhatisEmilylikeaccordingtothewomanspeaker?A.Sheisreliable.B.Sheisnaughty.C.Sheistroublesome.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarepairshop.B.Inacarrentalcompany.C.Inaninsurancecompany.9.Whatdoesthewomandecidetodo?A.Giveuptherepairs.B.Borrowacar.C.Buyinsurance.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhywillHelenbeawayfromtown?A.Toattendawedding.B.TomeetAndyTorino.C.Towatchaconcert.11.Whenwillthespeakersseetheperformance?A.OnJune18th.B.OnJune25th.C.OnJuly2nd.12.WhatdoesHelenwanttodo?A.Buyticketsimmediately.B.Inviteco-workerstojoinher.C.Checkherworkemails.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhydidEasonworkasalivingstatueperformer?A.Torealizehisdream.B.Tosatisfyhiscuriosity.C.Tomakesomemoney.14.WhatdidEasondofortheWorldChampionships?A.Hepracticedbodymovements.B.Hedesignedarealisticstoneappearance.C.Hestudiedpreviouschampionshipperformances.15.WhatdoesEasoncherishmostabouthisjob?A.Thepraisefromjudges.B.Theinteractionwithaudience.C.Theachievementincompetitions.16.WhatisthekeytobeingagoodlivingstatueaccordingtoEason?A.Physicalstrength.B.Creativeideas.C.Attractiveappearance.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatcanwelearnaboutthelibrary?A.Itopens10hoursaday.B.Itwillclosedownoneyearlater.C.Itisopenduringpublicholidays.18.Howmuchdoesacopycostlibraryuserswithoutacopiercard?A.10cents.B.20cents.C.10dollars.19.Whereshouldhistoryenthusiastsgo?A.Thefirstfloor.B.Thesecondfloor.C.Thethirdfloor.20.Whatissaidaboutthecomputeruseinthelibrary?A.Ithasnotimelimit.B.Itrequiresregistration.C.Itisfreeonlyforfirst-timeusers.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheChineseUniversityofHongKong(CUHK)providesavarietyofactivitiesandservicestoassiststudentstoexploreandexperiencedifferentaspectsofuniversitylifeandtomakethebestoutofit.Theseincludesupportingstudentactivities,servicesfornon-localstudents,mental-wellnesspromotionaswellascareerplanninganddevelopment.Thisaimstoenhancestudents’potentialdevelopmentaswellastheirfullpersonalgrowth.Off-CampusHousingInformationCentre(OCHIC)Learningenhancementservicesandoff-campushousinginformationareavailabletohelpnon-localstudentsdealwithissuesandprovideinformationrelatedtorentalaccommodationoutsideoftheCUHKcampus.TheIndependentLearningCentre(ILC)TheIndependentLearningCentre(ILC)offersbothacademicandcareer-relatedsupportservicesinbothEnglishandChineseforallCUHKpostgraduatestudents.The2-hourworkshopsprovidepracticaltraininginspecificjournalpaperwriting,oralpresentations,writingofliteraturereviewsandmanyotherareastoassistourpostgraduatestudentsinspreadingtheirresearchfarandwide.InformationTechnologyServicesCentre(ITSC)ITSCsupportstheone-stopuniversitywebsiteMy-CUHKwhichallowspersonalizedaccesstoemailservices,libraryservicesandtheChineseUniversityStudentInformationSystem(CUSIS)formanagingpersonalstudydetails.ITSCalsoprovidesITfacilities,onandoffcampusnetwork,e-Learningsystems,onlinetrainingsandworkshops.CentreforLearningEnhancementAndResearch(CLEAR)CLEARorganizestheImprovingPostgraduateLearning(IPL)programmetointroducetheapproachesandframeworktoequiptheworkofresearchersinaformalandstructuredmanner,toadvancetheUniversity’sexcellenceandscholarshipinteachingandlearning,andtoequippostgraduatestudentswithessentialskillsandknowledgefortheirresearch.1.Whichwillofferspecialserviceforpost-graduates?A.ILC&CUHKL. B.ILC&CLEAR. C.OCHIC&CLEAR. D.ILC&ITSC.2.Whatisthepurposeofalltheservicesmentionedabove?A.ToprovidehousingandITsupportforstudents.B.Toguaranteethepersonalizedstudyforstudents.C.Topromotestudents’overallpersonaldevelopment.D.Toensurestudents’safetyandhealthon-campus.3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Acampusbrochure. B.Anacademicreport.C.Acourseguide. D.Anaccommodationguide.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了香港中文大学为学生提供的各种活动和服务，旨在帮助学生探索和体验大学生活的各个方面，并充分利用这些资源。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章TheIndependentLearningCentre(ILC)部分中的“TheIndependentLearningCentre（ILC）offersbothacademicandcareer-relatedsupportservicesinbothEnglishandChineseforallCUHKpostgraduatestudents.(自主学习中心为中大所有研究生提供中英文双语的学术和职业相关支持服务)”以及CentreforLearningEnhancementAndResearch(CLEAR)部分中的“CLEARorganizestheImprovingPostgraduateLearning(IPL)programmetointroducetheapproachesandframeworktoequiptheworkofresearchersinaformalandstructuredmanner,toadvancetheUniversity’sexcellenceandscholarshipinteachingandlearning,andtoequippostgraduatestudentswithessentialskillsandknowledgefortheirresearch.(学习提升与研究中心举办“研究生学习提升”计划，介绍相关方法和框架，以一种正式且系统的方式助力研究人员开展工作，推动大学在教学和学习方面追求卓越和学术成就，并为研究生提供开展研究所需的必要技能和知识)”可知，ILC为所有香港中文大学的研究生提供学术和职业相关的支持服务，通过工作坊在多个领域提供实践培训，是专门针对研究生的服务；而CLEAR组织IPL计划，为研究生提供开展研究所需的必要技能和知识，也是针对研究生的特殊服务。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“TheChineseUniversityofHongKong(CUHK)providesavarietyofactivitiesandservicestoassiststudentstoexploreandexperiencedifferentaspectsofuniversitylifeandtomakethebestoutofit.(香港中文大学提供各式各样的活动和服务，协助学生探索和体验大学生活的不同层面，让他们充分享受大学生活)”以及“Thisaimstoenhancestudents’potentialdevelopmentaswellastheirfullpersonalgrowth.(其目标是提升学生的发展潜力，助力他们实现全面的个人成长)”可知，香港中文大学提供各种活动和服务的目的是帮助学生探索和体验大学生活的不同方面，充分利用大学生活，提升学生的发展潜力，实现全面的个人成长。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，文章详细介绍了香港中文大学为学生提供的各种活动和服务，包括校外住宿资讯中心、自主学习中心、资讯科技服务中心、学习提升与研究中心等机构的服务内容，目的是帮助学生了解校园生活的各个方面，这与校园宣传册向学生或潜在学生介绍学校资源和服务的功能相符，所以该文本很可能取自校园宣传册。故选A。BLeoWalshparticipatedinthedesignoftheminivan,atypeofcar,whichcompletelychangedhowAmericanfamiliestraveled40yearsago.AftergraduatingfromVirginiaTechwithadegreeinengineeringin1956,WalshwashiredbyChryslerinDetroit.“ThatwasthebestdecisionIevermade,becauseifI’dgonetoGM,Icouldhavebeenlostinabighurry,”Walshsaid.Theengineerprovedhisabilitywhilemaking$485amonth.“IwastheyoungestchiefengineeratChrysleratthattime,”Walshrecalled.Walshwasaskedbythemanagerin1976todesignavehicleunlikeanyother.Walsh’steamdidn’twastetime.“Wedesignedaprototype(原型)bycuttingdownthebigvans,”Walshexplained.ButtheplansWalshledwouldsitonashelfcollectingdust.“Wekeptprovingthatitwasworkablethroughtheprototypes,”Walshsaid.Theneightyearslater,Chrysler’snewCEOLeeIacoccagreenlightedtheproject.“Hethoughtitwasaproductthatneededtobeonthemarket,”Walshsaid.“Itwasdecidedtoproduceitin1984.”Withitsextraspaceforstoringgoodsandroominessforpassengers,theChryslerminivanwasaninstanthit.“ItbecamethecashcowofChryslerCorporation,”Walshsaid.After32yearsinChrysler,Walshretiredin1988justfouryearsafterthefirstminivanwasproduced.“Theworld’sbestminivansandthatistrue,”Walshsaid.“Itwasalandmarkvehicle.”2024marksthe40thanniversaryoftheminivan,provinggoodideasarehighlyproductive.The93-year-olddoesn’ttakecreditfortheminivan.TothisdayWalshsingshighpraiseforhistalentedteam.Admirably,theretiredengineerhelpedintroduceanewwayofdriving.“Ienjoyedeveryminuteofthosejobs.ThatisallIhavegottosay,”Walshsaid.“Ienjoyedeveryminuteofmycareer.Iamveryfortunatetobethereatthebeginning.”4.WhatcanweinferaboutWalshfromparagraph2?A.HeoncehadtheideaofworkingforGM.B.Hewasn’tvaluedinthecompanyinitially.C.HejoinedChryslertodesigntheminivan.D.Hethoughtlearningengineeringwashisbestdecision.5.WhatwastheattitudeoftheCEOsbeforeLeeIacoccatoWalsh’sprototype?A.Unclear. B.Approving. C.Tolerant. D.Dismissive.6.WhichwordscanbestdescribeLeoWalsh?A.Humorousandinnovative. B.Modestandpersistent.C.Ambitiousandwarm-hearted. D.Co-operativeandhonest.7.WhatcanwelearnfromWalsh’sstory?A.Successcomesfromfailure.B.Awinnerisonewithgoodluck.C.Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.D.Yoursuccesscomesfromlovingwhatyoudo.【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述工程师LeoWalsh设计迷你货车，改变美国家庭出行方式的故事，展现热爱与坚持的力量。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中““ThatwasthebestdecisionIevermade,becauseifI’dgonetoGM,Icouldhavebeenlostinabighurry,”Walshsaid.(Walsh说：“这是我做过的最好的决定，因为如果我去了通用汽车，我可能会因为匆忙而迷失。”)”可知，Walsh曾经有过为通用汽车工作的想法。故选A。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“ButtheplansWalshledwouldsitonashelfcollectingdust.(但Walsh的计划却被搁置在架子上积灰)”可知，Walsh的计划被束之高阁，说明LeeIacocca之前的CEO们对Walsh的汽车原型持不屑一顾，不予考虑的态度。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“After32yearsinChrysler,Walshretiredin1988justfouryearsafterthefirstminivanwasproduced.(在Chrysler工作了32年之后，Walsh于1988年退休，仅仅在第一辆小型货车生产四年之后)”及“The93-year-olddoesn’ttakecreditfortheminivan.TothisdayWalshsingshighpraiseforhistalentedteam.(这位93岁的老人并不把这辆小型货车归功于自己。直到今天，Walsh仍然高度赞扬他的天才团队)”可知，Walsh在32年间一直致力于这份工作且取得了巨大的成就，但却把功劳归功于团队，由此可知他是一个谦虚且坚持不懈的人。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Admirably,theretiredengineerhelpedintroduceanewwayofdriving.“Ienjoyedeveryminuteofthosejobs.ThatisallIhavegottosay,”Walshsaid.“Ienjoyedeveryminuteofmycareer.Iamveryfortunatetobethereatthebeginning.”(令人钦佩的是，这位退休的工程师帮助引进了一种新的驾驶方式。“我享受这些工作的每一分钟。这就是我要说的。”“我享受我职业生涯的每一分钟。我很幸运能从一开始就在那里。”)”可知，Walsh一直坚持从事自己热爱的事情并最终取得成功，他的故事告诉了我们“成功来自于热爱与坚持。”。故选D。CAwaveofstartupssayseaweedisasolutiontoclimatechange—abletoabsorbatmosphericcarbon,providerawmaterialsforbio-fuels,andfeedtheworldnofertilizers(化肥),freshwater,orevenlandrequired.RunningTide,aMaine-basedcompany,isworkingonasystemthatwilleventuallysinkthebuoys(浮标),attachedwithlonglocksofseaweed,tothedeepoceanfloor,wherethecarbontheycontainwillremainstoredfor800yearsormore.RunningTidewasfoundedbyMartyOdlin,anengineerandfourth-generationcommercialfisherman.TheGulfofMaineiswarmingfasterthannearlyeveryotheroceanicregion,andOdlinhasseenthechangesfirsthand.About15yearsago,OdlinheardatalkfromKlausLackner—thephysicistwhopopularizedtheideaofremovingcarbonfromtheatmosphere.Itclicked.“Itwaslike,oh,thisisrightbecausethere’snowaywe’regoingtogetofffossilfuelsinthenext50years,”herecallsthinking.“We’regoingtohavetopullitdown.”Usingseaweedtodrawdowncarbonwouldbeanelegantsolution—ifitworks.SeaweedforestscollectivelycoveranestimatedtwomillionsquarekilometersandabsorbasmuchcarbonastheAmazonrainforest.Butmuchofthatstorageisshort-lived.Whentheseaweedisharvested,eatenbyanimals,orwashesashore,itsstoredcarbonisreleasedbackintotheatmosphere.RunningTide’smodel,intheoryatleast,wouldtakethatstoredcarbonandsinkittotheoceanfloorwhereitwouldremainforcenturies,breakingdownslowly.Somescientistsarecarefulaboutrushingaheadbeforefundamentalscientific,environmental,andregulatoryquestionsareanswered.“Climatechangeisworsening,andpeoplearepanicking,”saysKristenDavis,aprofessorofUniversityofCaliforniaIrvine,“butthescienceisnotthereyettoactuallyconfirmthatit’sagoodidea.”8.WhatcanwelearnaboutRunningTide’ssystem?A.Itstoresseaweedasfoodsources. B.Itconvertsseaweedintofertilizers.C.Itusesseaweedtoabsorbcarbon. D.Itproducesbuoysforplantingseaweed.9.WhatinspiredMartyOdlintostartRunningTide?A.Theoveruseoffossilfuels.B.Hisobservationoftherapidclimatechange.C.Hisresponsibilityasacommercialfisherman.D.AtalkbyKlausLackneraboutremovingcarbon.10.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Thecoverageofseaweedforests.B.Thecarbonabsorbingabilityofseaweed.C.Theadvantagesofseaweedforcarbonstorage.D.Apossiblesolutiontolong-termcarbonstoragebyseaweed.11WhydoestheauthorquoteKristenDavis?A.ToproveOdlin’sopinion. B.Topresenttheissueobjectively.C.Toadvocatescientists’cooperation. D.Toemphasistheclimatecrisis.【答案】8.C9.D10.D11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了利用海藻来应对气候变化的一种新型创业项目，详细阐述了该项目的原理、背景、潜在效果以及科学家对此的谨慎态度。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Awaveofstartupssayseaweedisasolutiontoclimatechange

—abletoabsorbatmosphericcarbon,providerawmaterialsforbio-fuels,andfeedtheworldnofertilizers(化肥) ,freshwater,orevenlandrequired.RunningTide,aMaine-basedcompany,isworkingonasystemthatwilleventuallysinkthebuoys (浮标),attachedwithlonglocksofseaweed,tothedeepoceanfloor,wherethecarbontheycontainwillremainstoredfor800yearsormore.(一波初创企业表示，海藻是应对气候变化的一种解决方案——它能够吸收大气中的碳，为生物燃料提供原材料，还能养活全世界，而且不需要化肥、淡水，甚至连土地都不需要。总部位于缅因州的“RunningTide”公司正在研发一种系统，该系统最终会将附着着长长的海藻的浮标沉入深海海底，在那里，海藻所含的碳将被储存800年甚至更久)”可知，很多初创企业认为海藻可以吸收大气中的碳，而“RunningTide”公司正在研发的系统是将附着海藻的浮标沉入海底，利用海藻吸收的碳在海底储存800年甚至更久，所以该公司的系统是利用海藻来吸收碳的。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“About15yearsago,OdlinheardatalkfromKlausLackner—thephysicistwhopopularizedtheideaofremovingcarbonfromtheatmosphere.Itclicked.“Itwaslike,oh,thisisrightbecausethere’snowaywe’regoingtogetofffossilfuelsinthenext50years,”herecallsthinking.“We’regoingtohavetopullitdown.”(大约15年前，Odlin听了物理学家KlausLackner的一次演讲，正是这位物理学家让从大气中去除碳的想法广为人知。他一下子就明白了。“当时就觉得，哦，这是可行的，因为在未来50年里，我们不可能摆脱对化石燃料的依赖，”他回忆起当时的想法，“我们将不得不把碳吸下来。”)”可知，大约15年前，听了物理学家KlausLackner关于从大气中去除碳的演讲，这让他受到启发，他认为在未来50年里不可能摆脱对化石燃料的依赖，所以必须把碳吸下来，从而创立了“RunningTide”公司。故选D。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Usingseaweedtodrawdowncarbonwouldbeanelegantsolution—ifitworks.SeaweedforestscollectivelycoveranestimatedtwomillionsquarekilometersandabsorbasmuchcarbonastheAmazonrainforest.Butmuchofthatstorageisshort-lived.Whentheseaweedisharvested,eatenbyanimals,orwashesashore,itsstoredcarbonisreleasedbackintotheatmosphere.RunningTide’smodel,intheoryatleast,wouldtakethatstoredcarbonandsinkittotheoceanfloorwhereitwouldremainforcenturies,breakingdownslowly.(如果可行的话，利用海藻来吸收碳将是一个绝妙的解决方案。据估计，海藻森林总面积达200万平方公里，吸收的碳量与亚马逊雨林相当。但其中大部分碳的储存是短期的。当海藻被收割、被动物吃掉或者被冲到岸上时，它所储存的碳就会被释放回大气中。至少从理论上来说，“RunningTide”公司的模式会将储存的碳沉入海底，使其在那里留存几个世纪，并慢慢分解)”可知，本段首先指出如果可行的话，利用海藻吸收碳是个绝妙的解决方案，接着说明海藻森林吸收碳的能力很强，但大部分碳储存是短期的，当海藻被收割、被动物吃掉或冲到岸上时，储存的碳会释放回大气中。最后提到“RunningTide”公司的模式，至少从理论上来说，会将储存的碳沉入海底，使其在那里留存几个世纪并慢慢分解，即该段主要讲了一种利用海藻进行长期碳储存的可能解决方案。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Somescientistsarecarefulaboutrushingaheadbeforefundamentalscientific,environmental,andregulatoryquestionsareanswered.“Climatechangeisworsening,andpeoplearepanicking,”saysKristenDavis,aprofessorofUniversityofCaliforniaIrvine,“butthescienceisnotthereyettoactuallyconfirmthatit’sagoodidea.”(一些科学家对于在尚未解答基本的科学、环境和监管问题之前就仓促行事持谨慎态度。加州大学欧文分校的教授KristenDavis说：“气候变化正在加剧，人们感到恐慌，但是目前还没有足够的科学依据来证实这确实是个好主意。”)”可知，作者引用了加州大学欧文分校教授KristenDavis的话是为了指出目前还没有足够的科学依据来证实利用海藻吸收碳的方法是个好主意，说明这种方法存在一定的不确定性。既展示了利用海藻吸收碳这一方法的积极设想，又指出了其科学依据不足的问题，使读者对这一问题有更全面、客观的认识。故选B。DKilosarenottheonlythingthatintermittentfasting(间歇性禁食)willhelpyouloseAnewstudyshowsthatthewildlypopularweight-lossmethodcouldalsoinhibithairgrowth.Intermittentfastingisatime-restricteddiet,wheretheday’scalorieintakeisconsumedoveran8-12hourperiod,withfastingfortheremaininghours.Researchtrackingparticipantsonsuchdietsforthreemonthstoayearhasshownbenefitslikeweightloss,improvedhearthealth,andbettercontrolofbloodsugar.Thesereportedbenefitshavemadeintermittentfastingaglobaltrend.However,notalloutcomesofintermittentfastingarepositive.AstudypublishedonDecember13inCellisamongthefirsttolinkintermittentfastingwithhairloss.Thestudyfoundthatintermittentfastingcouldblockhairfollicle(毛囊)regrowthbycausingprogrammedcelldeathinactivehairfolliclestemcells(HFSCs).Micesubjectedtointermittentfastingshowedslowerhairregrowthcomparedtothosewithregularfoodaccess.Thoughsimilarresultswerefoundinhumansinasmallclinicaltrial,theresearcherswarnedthattheeffectsmightbelessseriousinhumansduetotheirslowerbodyprocessesanddifferenthairgrowthpatterns.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatintermittentfastingslowshairgrowthbecausehairfolliclestemcells(HFSCs)struggletohandleoxidativestress(氧化应激)whenthebodyswitchesfromburningsugartofatforenergy.Normally,HFSCsswitchesbetweenactivityandrest,andhairregrowthdependsonthesecellsbecomingactive.Inthestudy,micewithregularfoodaccesshadactiveHFSCsafterbeingshaved,andtheirhairregrewnormally.However,thefastingmiceexperiencedprogrammedcelldeathintheiractiveHFSCs,preventinghairregrowth.Althoughthesefindingsaresignificant,theyarebasedoninitialstudies.Largertrialsareneededtobetterunderstandhowintermittentfastingaffectshairgrowth,asindividualresponsesmayvary.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inhibit”mean?A.Prevent. B.Maintain. C.Control. D.Promote.13.Howdidtheresearchersconductthestudyinparagraph3?A.Throughlong-termhumanobservation. B.Throughcontrolledexperimentsonmice.C.Throughsurveysonpeople’sdiethabits. D.Throughalarge-scaleclinicaltrialinhumans.14.Whatstopshairgrowthinfastingmice?A.Differenthairgrowthpatterns. B.Slowoxidativestressresponse.C.ProgrammedcelldeathinHFSCs. D.Shortageofnutrientintake.15.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.IntermittentFasting:AHairySideEffect B.IntermittentFasting:ThreatstoHealthC.IntermittentFasting:AGlobalTrend D.IntermittentFasting:AllaboutWeightLoss【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了间歇性禁食这种减肥方法可能会抑制头发生长。【12题详解】词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“Anewstudyshowsthatthewildlypopularweight-lossmethodcouldalsoinhibithairgrowth.(一项新研究表明，这种广受欢迎的减肥方法或许还会inhibit你头发生长。)”、第三段中“Thestudyfoundthatintermittentfastingcouldblockhairfollicle(毛囊)regrowthbycausingprogrammedcelldeathinactivehairfolliclestemcells(HFSCs).(研究发现，间歇性禁食会导致激活的毛囊干细胞（HFSCs）发生程序性细胞死亡，从而阻碍毛囊再生)”和第四段中“Theresearchersdiscoveredthatintermittentfastingslowshairgrowthbecausehairfolliclestemcells(HFSCs)struggletohandleoxidativestress(氧化应激)whenthebodyswitchesfromburningsugartofatforenergy.(研究人员发现，间歇性禁食会减缓头发生长，因为在身体从燃烧糖分转为燃烧脂肪供能时，毛囊干细胞（HFSCs）难以应对氧化应激)”可知，一项新的研究表明，这种广受欢迎的减肥方法还可能抑制头发生长。inhibit意思是“阻碍，抑制”。与Stop“阻止”意思相符。故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Thestudyfoundthatintermittentfastingcouldblockhairfollicle(毛囊)regrowthbycausingprogrammedcelldeathinactivehairfolliclestemcells(HFSCs).Micesubjectedtointermittentfastingshowedslowerhairregrowthcomparedtothosewithregularfoodaccess.(研究发现，间歇性禁食会导致激活的毛囊干细胞（HFSCs）发生程序性细胞死亡，从而阻碍毛囊再生。与持续进食的小鼠相比，接受间歇性禁食的小鼠毛发再生速度较慢)”可知，研究主要是通过对小鼠的对照实验进行的。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“However,thefastingmiceexperiencedprogrammedcelldeathintheiractiveHFSCs,preventinghairregrowth.(然而，禁食的小鼠其激活的毛囊干细胞发生了程序性细胞死亡，从而阻止了毛发再生)”可知，HFSCs中的程序性细胞死亡是阻止毛发生长的原因。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由第一段中“Anewstudyshowsthatthewildlypopularweight-lossmethodcouldalsoinhibithairgrowth.(一项新的研究表明，这种广受欢迎的减肥方法还可能抑制头发生长)”可知，本文介绍了间歇性禁食的好处与潜在的副作用，尤其是它对头发生长的影响。最适合的标题是“IntermittentFasting:AHairySideEffect(间歇性禁食：一个令人头疼的副作用)”。故选A。第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inrecentyears,outdoorsportshavebecomeincreasinglypopular.AccordingtotheGeneralAdministrationofSport,over400millionparticipationsinoutdooractivitieshavebeenrecordednationwide,withthoseborninthe1980sand1990sleadingthetrend.___16___Thishasledsometoassociateoutdoorsportswithheightenedrisks.Drivenbythedesiretoshare“braveexplorer”momentsonlineora“comeallthewayuphere”mindset,manybeginnerstooutdooradventurewithoutproperpreparation.Inreality,outdooractivitiescanbedangerouswithoutadequateskillsandriskawareness.Beginnerswhoignorepotentialdangersmayfacehypothermia(失温)whenhikingtohighaltitudes,getlostinforests,orbecaughtinthunderstorms.___17___So,howcanwemakeoutdoorsportssafer?___18___Beforeheadingout,researchtheenvironment,climate,andseasonalconditionstochooseasaferouteandavoidriskyorhard-to-accessspots.Alwayschecktheweatherforecastandprepareproperplans.Knowingthetrail’selevation,difficultylevel,supplypointsandemergencystationsiscrucial,andplanningalternativeescaperoutescanbelife-saving.___19___Layeredclothingisessentialtoadapttochangingweatherconditions.Followtheprincipleof“removelayerswhenwarm,addlayerswhencoldandchangeclotheswhenwet”.Thisincludesmoisture-wicking(吸湿排汗的)innerlayers,insulating(绝缘的)mid-layersandwaterproofouterlayerstostaywarmanddry.___20___Remembertotellfriendsorfamilyaboutyourrouteandestimatedreturntimesotheycanassistifneeded.Withproperpreparationandsafetymeasures,theseadventurescanbebothexcitingandrewarding.A.Havingtherightequipmentisequallyimportant.B.Onthewhole,outdoorsportsshouldnotbeariskygame.C.Awell-thought-outplanandthoroughpreparationarevital.D.Allinall,outdoorsportscanbringgreatfunandknowledge.E.However,theriseinaccidentshascastashadowonthisenthusiasm.F.Theseincidentshighlightthatoutdoorsportsarefarmorethanasimpletrip.G.Theyoftenlackthenecessaryequipmentandawarenesstoensuretheirsafety.【答案】16.E17.F18.C19.A20.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了户外运动的流行、存在的风险及如何确保户外运动安全的方法。【16题详解】由上文“Inrecentyears,outdoorsportshavebecomeincreasinglypopular.AccordingtotheGeneralAdministrationofSport,over400millionparticipationsinoutdooractivitieshavebeenrecordednationwide,withthoseborninthe1980sand1990sleadingthetrend.(近年来，户外运动越来越受欢迎。根据国家体育总局的数据，全国有超过4亿人参加户外活动，其中20世纪80年代和90年代出生的人引领了这一趋势。)”和下文“Thishasledsometoassociateoutdoorsportswithheightenedrisks.(这导致一些人将户外运动与更高的风险联系起来。)”可知，上文提到了户外运动越来越受欢迎，且主要是80后和90后在引领这一潮流，但下文提到一些人认为户外运动风险更高，本空应说明户外运动存在一些风险。E选项“However,theriseinaccidentshascastashadowonthisenthusiasm.(然而，事故的增加给这种热情蒙上了阴影。)”中的However表示转折，指出户外运动虽然受欢迎但是事故的增加给这一趋势带来了负面影响，能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。【17题详解】由上文“Beginnerswhoignorepotentialdangersmayfacehypothermia(失温)whenhikingtohighaltitudes,getlostinforests,orbecaughtinthunderstorms.(忽视潜在危险的初学者在高海拔徒步旅行时可能会面临失温，在森林中迷路，或在雷雨中被困。)”可知，上文主要讲述的是忽视户外运动危险的后果，本空应总结上文，指明户外运动远不止是一次简单的旅行。F选项“Theseincidentshighlightthatoutdoorsportsarefarmorethanasimpletrip.(这些事件表明，户外运动远不止是一次简单的旅行。)”中的theseincidents指的就是上文提到的忽视潜在危险可能导致的后果，且该选项指出户外运动不仅仅是简单的旅行，强调了户外运动的风险和挑战性，能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。【18题详解】由上文“So,howcanwemakeoutdoorsportssafer?(那么，我们怎样才能让户外运动更安全呢？)”可知，本句是在提出问题，询问如何让户外运动更安全，本空应对该问题作出回答，C选项“Awell-thought-outplanandthoroughpreparationarevital.(一个周密的计划和充分的准备至关重要。)”给出了问题的答案，即制定周密的计划和做好充分的准备，能承接上文，符合题意。故选C。【19题详解】由上文“Knowingthetrail’selevation,difficultylevel,supplypointsandemergencystationsiscrucial,andplanningalternativeescaperoutescanbelife-saving.(了解小径的海拔、难度等级、补给点和急救站至关重要，规划备用逃生路线可以救命。)”和下文“Layeredclothingisessentialtoadapttochangingweatherconditions.(分层穿衣对于适应不断变化的天气条件至关重要。)”可知，上文主要讲述的是户外运动前的准备工作，下文介绍穿衣的注意事项，本空应强调准备合适的装备，A选项“Havingtherightequipmentisequallyimportant.(拥有合适的装备同样重要。)”中的equipment与下文的clothing相呼应，都是户外运动前需要准备的东西，能承上启下，符合题意。故选A。【20题详解】由下文“Remembertotellfriendsorfamilyaboutyourrouteandestimatedreturntimesotheycanassistifneeded.(记得告诉你的朋友或家人你的路线和预计返回时间，以便他们在你需要时提供帮助。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是户外运动时的安全措施，即告诉别人你的路线和预计返回时间，本空应强调其危险性，以便引出下文的安全措施，B选项“Onthewhole,outdoorsportsshouldnotbeariskygame.(总的来说，户外运动不应该是一场危险的游戏。)”点明了本段的主题，即户外运动不应该危险，要做好安全措施，符合题意。且onthewhole“总的来说”置于文章末端段首，可概括本段内容，符合段落写作特点。故选B。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Withnothingbuthersmallboatforcompany,BritishlawyerVictoriaEvanssucceededincrossingtheAtlanticOcean.The35-year-old___21___4,740kilometersin40daysand19hours,battlingconstantlyhighwinds,bigwavesandlackof___22___torecordthefastestfemalesolorowacrosstheAtlanticOcean.“Itwasmuch___23___thanIexpected,”shetoldCNNSport,“Igotprobablythestrongestwindandthechallengesyouneedtokeepgoingthroughwere___24___.”Evanshadspentfouryearspreparingforthis___25___ofalifetimebutstillhadn’tbeenreadyforthe___26___ofanoceancrossing.Evenbeforesettingoff,thetripwas___27___byissuescausedbytheCOVID-19pandemicwhichforcedthechallengetobe___28___byayear.Oncethechallengewas___29___,highwindsmaderowingandsleepingextremelydifficult,causingEvanstofloatoff____30____attimes.Atonepointawavelockedthe____31____doorfromtheinside,leavingher____32____outsideofhercabinfor3hours.Despitetheseoccasionalchallenges,Evansmanagedto____33____inextremeconditions.“It’saveryuniquesport____34____youcan’tgetoffwhenyou’rethereandyouhavetodealwithit.Soitwasso,sointense,”saidEvans,whowas____35____tocrosstheAtlanticafterclimbingMontBlancin2017.21.A.flew B.hiked C.measured D.covered22.A.food B.water C.sleep D.energy23.A.tougher B.stranger C.busier D.funnier24.