湖北省鄂东南省年级示范高中教育教学改革联盟学校2023-2024学高二下学期期中联考英语试卷

2024年春季鄂东南省级示范高中教育教学改革联盟学校期中联考高二英语试卷试卷满分：150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18!C.£9.15.答案是C。1Whywilltheboygethomelate?A.HedidhishomeworkatJohn'shouse.B.Heplayedfootballwithhisfriends.C.Heisbeingcaughtinthetraffic.2Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Weekendactivities.B.Clubs.C.Homework.3.Whatistheweathergoingtobeliketomorrow?A.Cloudy.B.Sunny.C.Rainy.4.Whatwillthemankeep?A.Thesuit.B.Theshirt.C.Thehat.5.Whatwillthemandothisafternoon?A.Playputergames.B.Playbasketball.C.Playtennis.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6WhatdidRobertolearnintheCanadianArmedForces?A.Language.B.Music.C.Cooking.9.HowmanyyearswasRobertointhearmy?A.5.B.10.C.11.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thehairstyle.B.Thetestresult.C.Theparttimejob.9.HowisAndi?A.Delightful.B.Surprised.C.Grateful.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatdoesthedoctorremindthewomantodo?A.Eatmealsintime.B.Drinkmorewater.C.Takethemedicines.11、Whatwillthewomandotomorrow?A.Restathome.B.Haveanexam.C.Seethedoctoragain.12.What'swrongwiththewoman?A.Shecouldn'tsleepwell.B.Shehadaheadache.C.Shehadabackpain.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WheredidPetervisitthenextmorning?A.Acastle.B.Asmallbeach.C.Anisland.14.WhatdidPeterplaywithhisbrother?A.Basketball.B.Volleyball.C.Football.15.Whydidn'tPeterbuyasurfingboard?A.Becauseit'stooheavy.B.Becauseitcostalot.C.Becausehedoesn'tlikeit.16.WhendidPetergoshopping?A.Onthefourthday.B.Onthethirdday.C.Onthesecondday.听第10段材料.回答第17至20题。17.HowdidthespeakerfeelwhenBettinafirstarrived?A.ShethoughtBettinawashardworking.B.ShewashappytohaveBettinastay.C.SheenviedBettina'sgoodlooks.18.WhyisBettinalivingwiththespeaker'sfamilyinPorchester?A.Herfatherisinhospitalthere.B.Sheisstudyingthere.C.Shehasajobthere.19.Whatworriesthespeaker?A.Shecan'tgetalongwithBettina.B.Herparentsdisbelieveher.C.Bettina'sdadisbadlyill.20.WhatdoweknowaboutBettina?A.Sheworksparttimeinacinema.B.SheoftenhelpsinJade'shouse.C.Shetakescareofherfather.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项；（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFourNaturalWondersPoásVolcano,CostaRicaSittingmorethan2,707metresabovesealevel,PoásVolcanohasbeenactiveforhundredsofyears.Visitorscanstillgetupcloseandpersonalwithitatthenationalparkwhereit’slocated(withareservation).Tips:Dresswarmandbringanumbrella,asrainfallismonatthetopofthemountainduetounpredictableweatherconditions.MountOtemanu,BoraBoraMountOtemanuisthemainattractiononBoraBora,anislandfirstmadepopularduringWorldWarI.Themassivemountain,whichstands727metresabovethelagoonofBoraBora,isnowtheperfectbackdropfordreamyTahitiansunsets.Afewoftheluxuryresortsontheislandwhichoffergreatviewsofthemountainhavebeehotspotsforhoneymooners.GrandCanyon,USAArizonahasnoshortageofimpressivemountainsandsweepingviews,buttheGrandCanyonishandsdownoneofthemostdiversegeologicalwondersinthestate.Visitorshaveseveraloptionstoexperiencethebeautyhere:adventureseekerscanenjoyanaerialviewfromahelicopterridethroughthecanyonsorgowhitewaterraftingdowntheColouradoRiver.Cappadocia,TurkeyYoumayhaveseenfascinatingphotosofcolourfulhotairballoonsagainstamagicallandscapeofruggedcliffs,valleysandtowerscarvedintotherocks.It’shardtobelievethisplaceisrealbutitisandit’sinCappadocia!Foragoodpositionoverlookingthelandscapeofthisnaturalwonder,checkoutUchisarCastleorrideduringsunriseinahotairballoon.1.WhatwillvisitorsdoiftheywanttoseePoásVolcanocloseby?A.Noticeweatherchanges. B.Takeanumbrella.C.Putonwarmclothes. D.Bookinadvance.2.Wherewillanewlywedcouplelikelygo?A.PoásVolcano. B.BoraBora.C.GrandCanyon. D.Cappadocia.3.Whichtwoplacescanbeviewedfromhighabove?A.PoásVolcanoandMountOtemanu. B.PoásVolcanoandGrandCanyon.C.GrandCanyonandCappadocia. D.MountOtemanuandCappadocia.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍的是四大自然奇观的相关情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据PoásVolcano,CostaRica部分的“Visitorscanstillgetupcloseandpersonalwithitatthenationalparkwhereit’slocated(withareservation).(游客仍然可以在它所在的国家公园近距离接触它（需要预订）)”可知，如果游客想近距离看Poás火山，他们可以预定。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据MountOtemanu,BoraBora部分的“Afewoftheluxuryresortsontheislandwhichoffergreatviewsofthemountainhavebeehotspotsforhoneymooners.(岛上的一些豪华度假胜地可以欣赏到美丽的山景，已成为度蜜月的热门地点)”可知，新婚夫妇可能会去BoraBora。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据GrandCanyon,USA部分的“Visitorshaveseveraloptionstoexperiencethebeautyhere:adventureseekerscanenjoyanaerialviewfromahelicopterridethroughthecanyonsorgowhitewaterraftingdowntheColouradoRiver.(游客有多种选择来体验这里的美景：喜欢冒险的人可以从直升机上俯瞰峡谷，或者在科罗拉多河上泛舟)”和Cappadocia,Turkey部分的“Foragoodpositionoverlookingthelandscapeofthisnaturalwonder,checkoutUchisarCastleorrideduringsunriseinahotairballoon.(想要一个俯瞰这个自然奇观的好位置，可以看看Uchisar城堡，或者在日出时乘坐热气球)”可知，GrandCanyon和Cappadocia这两个地方都可以从高处俯瞰。故选C。BGrammyAwardsdon’tonlygotothepeoplewhoproduceandperformsongs.Forjustoveradecade,they’vealsobeengivenouttothosewhoteachothershowtomakemusic.TheMusicEducatorAward,presentedbytheRecordingAcademyandGrammyMuseum,recognizesthosewhohavemadea“significantcontributionanddemonstratedevotiontomusiceducation”.ThisyearitwenttoAnnieRay,theperformingartsdepartmentchairandorchestradirectoratAnnandaleHighSchoolinFairfaxCounty,Virginia.Shewashonoredforhereffortstomakemusicaccessibletoallstudents,particularlythosewithdisabilities.RaygottoattendtheawardsceremonyinLosAngeles,takeselfieswithpopstarsandbringhomebotha$10,000prizeandmatchinggrantforherschool’smusicprogram.RaycreatedtheCrescendoOrchestra(管弦乐队)forstudentswithsevereintellectualanddevelopmentaldisabilities,aswellasaparentorchestrathatteachesnearly200caregiversayeartoplaythesameinstrumentastheirchild.ShewasinspiredinlargepartbythediversityoftheAnnandalemunity,whichshesaysrepresentsover60countries,includingmanyimmigrants.“There’sa.lotofculturesthatmighttypicallyclash,andtheyetogetherinthisverybeautifulharmony,”Rayexplained.“Andthat’sreallyuniquelyexpressedintheorchestraclassroom,wherewe’rejustallmusicingtogether.”RaysaystheCrescendoOrchestra,whichwasbornoutofthepandemic,doesn’tnecessarilysharethesocialgoalsofaprogramliketheSpecialOlympics.Thefocusisonteachingstudentshowtoplayaninstrument,throughoneononeinstructiontailoredtotheirneeds.Thatinvolvestoolslikemusicscarves,eggshakers,rhythmsticksandcardboardinstruments.Rayalsoworkswithalocalcharitytogivedamagedinstrumentsasecondlifeinherclassroom.Theorchestraisaboutmuchmorethanjustmakingmusic,however.Raysaystheprogramgivesstudentsachancetodeveloptheircollaborationskills,makemistakesandlearntheartofrefiningsomething.4.WhichofthefollowingisthereasonforAnnieRay’swinningaGrammy?A.Herdeterminedefforttomakemusic. B.Hercontributiontothehighschool.C.Hermitmenttomusiceducation. D.Herexcellenceinperformingsongs.5.WhatmainlyprovidedinspirationforRay?A.Herenthusiasmforinstructingmusic. B.Thediverseculturesofthemunity.C.HerburningdesiretowinaGrammy. D.Theseveredisabilitiesofherstudents.6.AccordingtoRay,whatisthepurposeoftheCrescendoOrchestra?A.Tofixdamagedinstrumentsforalocalcharity.B.Tohelpstudentstofacethepandemicbravely.C.Tomakestudentsfamiliarwithmusicdevices.D.Togivestudentsneedcentredmusicteaching.7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AmusicteacherwonaGrammy B.AmusicteacherchangedlivesC.AGrammywinnertookselfies D.AGrammyceremonywasheld【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。音乐教育家奖由美国唱片学院和格莱美博物馆颁发，旨在表彰那些“对音乐教育做出重大贡献并表现出奉献精神”的人，今年的获奖者是弗吉尼亚州费尔法克斯县安纳代尔高中表演艺术系主席兼管弦乐队总监安妮·雷。文章对此进行了详细报道。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“TheMusicEducatorAward,presentedbytheRecordingAcademyandGrammyMuseum,recognizesthosewhohavemadea“significantcontributionanddemonstratedevotiontomusiceducation”.(音乐教育家奖由美国唱片学院和格莱美博物馆颁发，旨在表彰那些“对音乐教育做出重大贡献并表现出奉献精神”的人)”和第二段第一句“ThisyearitwenttoAnnieRay,theperformingartsdepartmentchairandorchestradirectoratAnnandaleHighSchoolinFairfaxCounty,Virginia.(今年的获奖者是弗吉尼亚州费尔法克斯县安纳代尔高中表演艺术系主席兼管弦乐队总监安妮·雷)”可知，安妮·雷获得格莱美奖的原因是她对音乐教育的奉献。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“ShewasinspiredinlargepartbythediversityoftheAnnandalemunity,whichshesaysrepresentsover60countries,includingmanyimmigrants.(她的灵感很大程度上来自安南代尔社区的多样性，她说这个社区代表了60多个国家，其中包括许多移民)”可知，雷的灵感主要来自于社区的文化多样性。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“RaysaystheCrescendoOrchestra,whichwasbornoutofthepandemic,doesn’tnecessarilysharethesocialgoalsofaprogramliketheSpecialOlympics.Thefocusisonteachingstudentshowtoplayaninstrument,throughoneononeinstructiontailoredtotheirneeds.(雷说，在疫情中诞生的渐强交响乐团不一定与特奥会这样的项目有共同的社会目标。重点是教学生如何演奏乐器，通过一对一的指导，量身定制他们的需求)”可知，渐强交响乐团的目的是为学生提供以需求为中心的音乐教学。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“GrammyAwardsdon’tonlygotothepeoplewhoproduceandperformsongs.Forjustoveradecade,they’vealsobeengivenouttothosewhoteachothershowtomakemusic.TheMusicEducatorAward,presentedbytheRecordingAcademyandGrammyMuseum,recognizesthosewhohavemadea“significantcontributionanddemonstratedevotiontomusiceducation”.(格莱美奖不只是颁给那些制作和演唱歌曲的人。十多年来，他们也被授予那些教别人如何制作音乐的人。音乐教育家奖由美国唱片学院和格莱美博物馆颁发，旨在表彰那些“对音乐教育做出重大贡献并表现出奉献精神”的人。)”和第二段第一句“ThisyearitwenttoAnnieRay,theperformingartsdepartmentchairandorchestradirectoratAnnandaleHighSchoolinFairfaxCounty,Virginia.(今年的获奖者是弗吉尼亚州费尔法克斯县安纳代尔高中表演艺术系主席兼管弦乐队总监安妮·雷)”可知，文章主要讲述的是今年一名音乐老师获得了格莱美奖。由此可知，AmusicteacherwonaGrammy适合作本文标题。故选A。CSummerseaiceintheArcticcouldmeltalmostpletelybythe2030s—roughlyadecadeearlierthanprojected—evenifhumanscutbackdrasticallyongreenhousegasemissions,newresearchsuggests.Anicefreesummer,alsocalleda“blueoceanevent”,willhappenwhentheseaicedropsbelowonemillionsquarekilometers,writesJonathanBamber,aprofessorofphysicalgeographyattheUniversityofBristol,intheConversation.Previousassessmentsusingmodelshaveestimatedanicefreesummerunderhighandintermediateemissionsscenariosby2050.Butresearchersnoticeddifferencesbetweenwhatclimatemodelspredictedaboutwhatwouldhappentoseaiceandwhatthey’veactuallyseenthroughobservations.“Themodels,onaverage,underestimateseaicedeclineparedwithobservations,”saysNathanGillett,anEnvironmentandClimateChangeCanadascientist.Now,inanewstudypublishedinNaturemunications,Gillettandhisteammateschangedthesemodelstomorecloselyfitsatellitedatacollectedoverthepast40years.Usingtheseadaptedmodels,theresearchersprojectedicechangesunderdifferentpossiblelevelsofgreenhousegasemissions.Theirpapersuggeststhatregardlessoftheemissionsscenario,“wemayexperienceanunprecedentedicefreeArcticclimateinthenextdecadeortwo.”Whileseaicenaturallydecreasesinthesummerandrefreezesduringthewinter,summericecoveragehassteadilybeendecliningoverthepastfewdecadesbecauseofclimatechange.AndArcticicemeltinghappensfasteritself—asicedisappears,itexposesmoreofthedarkblueocean,whichabsorbsmoreheatandleadstomoremelting.Thisprocesshasledtotheregionwarmingnearlyfourtimesfasterthantherestoftheglobesince1979.Seaicedeclinecouldhavedisastrousconsequencesthatextendtotherestoftheplanet,includingsealevelriseanddisturbancetoweatherpatternsandecosystems.AnimalslikepolarbearsandsealsthatrelyonArcticicetosurvivecouldbeplacedatrisk.8.Accordingtothenewresearch,whatwillhappenconcerningsummerseaiceintheArctic?A.Itspletemeltingmayoccurearlierthanexpected.B.Itsvanishingonceandforallwillbeinlessthan10years.C.Itsdroppingwillgiverisetosocalled“blueoceanevent”.D.Itsmeltingcanbepreventedingreenhousegasemissions.9.Whateffortdidtheresearchersmakeafterfiguringouttheproblemofthepreviousassessments?A.Theyabandonedtheattempttousemodels.B.Theycollectedsatellitedataoverthepast40years.CTheyadaptedthemodelstobeconsistentwiththeactualcases.D.TheypredictedaccuratelyicechangesinregionsoftheArctic.10.Howisthelastparagraphbutonedeveloped?A.Bylistingstatistics. B.Bygivingdefinitions.C.Bymakingaparison. D.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.11.Whatmessagemaythetextbetryingtoconveytoreaders?A.Prideesbeforeafall. B.Manproposes,goddisposes.C.Agoodbeginningishalfdone. D.Ifthelipsaregone,theteethwillbecold.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，即使人类大幅减少温室气体排放，北极夏季海冰也可能在本世纪30年代几乎完全融化，比预计的时间提前了大约10年。文章对此进行了介绍。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“SummerseaiceintheArcticcouldmeltalmostpletelybythe2030s—roughlyadecadeearlierthanprojected—evenifhumanscutbackdrasticallyongreenhousegasemissions,newresearchsuggests.(一项新的研究表明，即使人类大幅减少温室气体排放，北极夏季海冰也可能在本世纪30年代几乎完全融化，比预计的时间提前了大约10年)”可知，根据这项新的研究，北极夏季海冰的完全融化可能比预期发生得更早。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Now,inanewstudypublishedinNaturemunications,Gillettandhisteammateschangedthesemodelstomorecloselyfitsatellitedatacollectedoverthepast40years.(现在，在《自然通讯》上发表的一项新研究中，吉列特和他的队友们改变了这些模型，以更接近过去40年收集的卫星数据)”可知，在找出之前评估的问题后，研究人员对模型进行了调整，使其与实际情况一致。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Whileseaicenaturallydecreasesinthesummerandrefreezesduringthewinter,summericecoveragehassteadilybeendecliningoverthepastfewdecadesbecauseofclimatechange.(虽然海冰在夏季自然减少，并在冬季重新冻结，但由于气候变化，夏季冰层覆盖在过去几十年中一直在稳步下降)”可知，第一句分析夏季冰层一直下降的原因，根据第二句到最后一句“AndArcticicemeltinghappensfasteritself—asicedisappears,itexposesmoreofthedarkblueocean,whichabsorbsmoreheatandleadstomoremelting.Thisprocesshasledtotheregionwarmingnearlyfourtimesfasterthantherestoftheglobesince1979.(而且北极冰融化的速度也更快——随着冰的消失，更多的深蓝色海洋暴露出来，吸收更多的热量，导致更多的融化。自1979年以来，这一过程导致该地区的变暖速度几乎是全球其他地区的四倍)”可知，第二段到最后一句分析北极冰融化速度加快带来的影响——加速变暖，导致更多的融化。由此推知，倒第二段是通过分析原因和影响来展开的。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Seaicedeclinecouldhavedisastrousconsequencesthatextendtotherestoftheplanet,includingsealevelriseanddisturbancetoweatherpatternsandecosystems.AnimalslikepolarbearsandsealsthatrelyonArcticicetosurvivecouldbeplacedatrisk.(海冰的减少可能会对地球的其他地区造成灾难性的后果，包括海平面上升和对天气模式和生态系统的干扰。北极熊和海豹等依赖北极冰层生存的动物可能会处于危险之中)”可推知，文章想要告诉读者冰的减少可能会对地球的其他地区造成灾难性的后果，唇亡齿寒。故选D。DAsimplesponge(海绵)hasimprovedhowrobotsgrasp,scientistsfromtheUniversityofBristolhavefound.Thiseasytomakedevicecanhelpstiffrobotshandledelicateitemscarefullybymimickingthetouch,orvariablestiffness,ofahuman.Robotscanskipandjump,butthey’retoorigidtoholdaneggeasily.Variablestiffnessdevicesarepotentialsolutionsforreducingdamagetohardrobots,orforimprovingtheloadcapacityofsoftrobots.Thisstudy,publishedattheIEEEInternationalConferenceonRoboticsandAutomation(ICRA)2023,showsthatvariablestiffnesscanbeachievedbyasilicone(硅胶)sponge.LeadauthorTianqiYuefromtheUniversityofBristolexplained,“oboticarmsaretoorigid(僵硬的)sotheycannotmakesuchasofthumanlikegraspondelicateobjects,forexample,anegg.Whatmakeshumansdifferentfromroboticarmsisthatwehavesofttissuesenclosingrigidbones,whichactasanaturalmitigating(缓和的)mechanism.Inthispaper,wemanagedtodevelopasoftdevicewithvariablestiffness,tobemountedontheendofaroboticarmtomaketherobotobjectcontactsafe.”Siliconespongeisjustlikethecleaningspongeusedineverydaytasks.Bypressingthesponge,thespongestiffens,whichiswhyitcanbetransformedintoavariablestiffnessdevice.Thisdevicecouldbeusedinindustrialrobotsandservicerobotstomakehumanrobotinteractionsafer.MrYueadded,“Wemanagedtouseaspongetomakeacheapbuteffectivedevicethatcanhelprobotsachievesoftcontactwithobjects.Thegreatpotentialesfromitslowcostandlightweight.Webelievethissiliconespongebasedvariablestiffnessdevicewillprovideanovelsolutioninindustryandhealthcare.”Theteamwillnowlookatmakingthedeviceachievevariablestiffnessinmultipledirections.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph1probablymean?A.Stimulating. B.Imitating. C.Restoring. D.Demonstrating.13.Whichofthefollowingrobotscanbedealtwithbyavariablestiffnessdevice?A.Robotsthatareunabletograspobjects.B.Robotsthataretoorigidtoskipandjump.C.Robotsthatareincapableofgettingaround.D.Robotsthatlackthecapacitytograspfragilestuff.14.Whyissiliconespongeselectedtobeanidealsolution?A.Ithasnaturalsofttissues.B.Itisinexpensiveandlightweight.C.Itcanhelprobotsachievecontactwithobjects.D.Itcanfunctionasacleaninginstrumentoncepressed.15.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Topersuade. B.Toentertain. C.Toeducate. D.Toinform.【答案】12.B13.D14.B15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以帮助机器人处理易碎的物品的装置，装置是通过硅胶海绵海绵制作的。介绍了其特点和优势。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Thiseasytomakedevicecanhelpstiffrobotshandledelicateitemscarefullyby”以及后文“thetouch,orvariablestiffness,ofahuman”可知，这个易于制作的装置可以帮助僵硬的机器人通过模仿人类的触摸或可变刚度来小心地处理易碎的物品。故划线词意思是“模仿”。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Robotscanskipandjump,butthey’retoorigidtoholdaneggeasily.Variablestiffnessdevicesarepotentialsolutionsforreducingdamagetohardrobots,orforimprovingtheloadcapacityofsoftrobots.(机器人可以跳来跳去，但它们太僵硬了，不能轻易握住鸡蛋。变刚度装置是减少硬机器人损伤或提高软机器人负载能力的潜在解决方案)”可知，缺乏抓易碎物品能力的机器人可以用变刚度装置来处理。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Wemanagedtouseaspongetomakeacheapbuteffectivedevicethatcanhelprobotsachievesoftcontactwithobjects.Thegreatpotentialesfromitslowcostandlightweight.(我们设法用海绵制造了一种廉价但有效的设备，可以帮助机器人与物体实现柔软接触。巨大的潜力来自于它的低成本和轻重量)”可知，选择硅胶海绵作为理想的解决方案因为既便宜又轻便。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Asimplesponge(海绵)hasimprovedhowrobotsgrasp,scientistsfromtheUniversityofBristolhavefound.Thiseasytomakedevicecanhelpstiffrobotshandledelicateitemscarefullybymimickingthetouch,orvariablestiffness,ofahuman.(布里斯托尔大学的科学家们发现，一块简单的海绵改善了机器人的抓取能力。这个易于制作的装置可以帮助僵硬的机器人通过模仿人类的触摸或可变刚度来小心地处理易碎的物品)”结合文章主要介绍了一种可以帮助机器人处理易碎的物品的装置，装置是通过硅胶海绵海绵制作的。介绍了其特点和优势。可知，文章的目的是告知。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Taichiisawellnesspracticethatbinesslow,gentlemovementsandpostureswithmindfulness.____16____.Asatraditional,slowmovingformofChinesemartialart,taichiisknowntoincreaseflexibilityandimprovebalance.Now,newresearchsuggestsit’sbetterthanmorevigorousaerobicexercisesforloweringbloodpressureinpeoplewithprehypertension(高血压前期).Inthestudy,researchersinChinarandomlyassigned342adultswithprehypertensiontooneoftwointerventions.Roughlyhalfthepeopleparticipatedinaerobicexercise,includingjogging,climbingstairsandcycling.____17____Bothgroupsgothourlongsessionsfourtimesaweek.After12months,thoseinthetaichigroupsawbiggerdropsintheirbloodpressurethanthoseintheaerobicexercisegroup.What’smore,nearly22%ofthepeoplewhopracticedtaichisawtheirbloodpressurefalltowithinnormalrange.____18____Andfewerpatientsinthetaichigroupwentontodevelophighbloodpressure.____19____Thepracticetendstoelicit(引起)moreofaresponsefromtheparasympatheticnervoussystem(副交感神经系统)thatrelaxesyourbodyafterperiodsofstressordanger,saysRuthTaylorPiliae,aprofessorattheUniversityofArizona’sCollegeofNursing.Taichiisappealingasaformofexercisebecauseitislowimpactandrequireslittlespaceorequipment.“Ithinkthebeautyoftaichiisthatyoudon’thavetohaveaspecialgymmembershiporspecialclohing,“TaylorPiliaesays.“Onceyoulearntaichi,youcandoitanytime,anyplace,anywhere.____20____”A.Itcanhelpreduceanxiety.B.Theotherhalfwastrainedtopracticetaichi.C.It’softencalledmeditation(冥想)inmotion.D.Sowhydoestaichigaininpopularityamongpeople?E.Sowhatisitabouttaichithathelpslowerbloodpressure?F.Bycontrast,thatnumberwas16%intheaerobicexercisegroup.G.Butyouhavetopracticeitconsistentlytogainthemostbenefit.【答案】16.C17.B18.F19.E20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章首先介绍了太极拳的基本特点及其对身心健康的益处，然后通过一项新的研究进一步说明太极拳对降低高血压前期人群血压的积极作用。【16题详解】根据上文“Taichiisawellnesspracticethatbinesslow,gentlemovementsandpostureswithmindfulness.(太极拳是一种健康练习，它结合了缓慢、温和的动作和姿势以及正念。)”可知，上文描述了太极拳的特点，即结合了缓慢、轻柔的动作和姿势与专注力。接下来的句子应该是对太极拳这一特点的进一步解释或补充。C项：It’softencalledmeditation(冥想)inmotion.(它通常被称为运动冥想。)符合语境。故选C。【17题详解】根据上文“Inthestudy,researchersinChinarandomlyassigned342adultswithprehypertensiontooneoftwointerventions.Roughlyhalfthepeopleparticipatedinaerobicexercise,includingjogging,climbingstairsandcycling.(在这项研究中，中国的研究人员随机将342名患有高血压前期的成年人分为两组。大约一半的人参加了有氧运动，包括慢跑、爬楼梯和骑自行车。)”可知，空处指出另一半参加研究的人的干预方式，并且与太极拳有关。B项：Theotherhalfwastrainedtopracticetaichi.(另一半被训练去练太极。)符合语境。故选B。【18题详解】根据上文“After12months,thoseinthetaichigroupsawbiggerdropsintheirbloodpressurethanthoseintheaerobicexercisegroup.What’smore,nearly22%ofthepeoplewhopracticedtaichisawtheirbloodpressurefalltowithinnormalrange.(12个月后，太极拳组的血压下降幅度大于有氧运动组。更重要的是，近22%的练太极的人血压降到了正常范围内。)”可知，空处承接上文，指出有氧运动组的结果。F项：Bycontrast,thatnumberwas16%intheaerobicexercisegroup.(相比之下，有氧运动组的这个数字是16%。)符合语境。故选F。【19题详解】空处是段落主旨句。根据下文“Thepracticetendstoelicit(引起)moreofaresponsefromtheparasympatheticnervoussystem(副交感神经系统)thatrelaxesyourbodyafterperiodsofstressordanger,saysRuthTaylorPiliae,aprofessorattheUniversityofArizona’sCollegeofNursing.(亚利桑那大学护理学院教授拉特·泰勒皮利亚说，这种做法往往会引起副交感神经系统的更多反应，在经历了一段时间的压力或危险后，这种反应会放松你的身体。)”可知，本段主要讲述了太极拳如何帮助降低血压。E项：Sowhatisitabouttaichithathelpslowerbloodpressure?(那么，太极拳到底是怎么帮助降低血压的呢？)符合语境。故选E。【20题详解】根据上文“Taichiisappealingasaformofexercisebecauseitislowimpactandrequireslittlespaceorequipment.“Ithinkthebeautyoftaichiisthatyoudon’thavetohaveaspecialgymmembershiporspecialclohing,“TaylorPiliaesays.“Onceyoulearntaichi,youcandoitanytime,anyplace,anywhere.(太极拳作为一种运动形式很有吸引力，因为它的冲击力小，需要的空间和设备也很少。泰勒皮利亚说:“我认为太极拳的美妙之处在于，你不需要有特殊的健身房会员资格或特殊的服装。”“一旦你学会了太极，你就可以在任何时间、任何地点、任何地方练习。)”可知，最后一段强调了太极拳作为锻炼形式的吸引力，提到了其低影响和无需特殊设备或空间的特点。G项：Butyouhavetopracticeitconsistentlytogainthemostbenefit.(但是你必须坚持练习才能获得最大的好处。)是对这一点的补充，强调了持续练习的重要性，符合语境。故选G。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。IwasonholidayintheDominicanRepublic____21____thehotelofferedmeatrialscubadive(水肺潜水).ItwassomethingI’dalways____22____,soIgaveitago.Thefirstsessionwasextremelyshortbut,____23____,itwasenoughtimetofamiliarizetheequipment.After____24____it,Iwasalarmedatsuddenlybeingin____25____ofwhatwecan’t____26____without—air.Butactually,it’snodifferentfromdrivingacar.Youhaveanairgauge(气压表)foryourtank,whichyouwatch____27____itwerethefuelsupply.Thatsessionwas____28____byadiveinthesea.Iwastakentenmetersdownand,despitebeingfollowedbyaguide,Ihadthegreatestfeelingof____29____inthispletelysilentworld.IknewthenthatIwantedtotakeupthisnewhobbyseriously.SoafterflyingbacktoEngland,IstartedaDivingSkills____30____.A____31____camefourmonthslaterwhenIdidanopenwaterdiveataplacecalledGrangewaters.WhenIwentin,itwasfullofblackmud,soIcouldn’tseeanything.BythenIhaddoneallthetheory,I____32____andfoundmywayoutfinally.Now,I____33____scubadivingatatopdivecenter.It’sso____34____,especiallywhenyoumeetsomeonewhohasdonetheirfirstdive—theyhavediscoveredanexcitingnewworldwithout____35____,aworldIlovesomuch.21.A.until B.unless C.before D.when22.A.ignore B.desire C.analyze D.tolerate23.A.intentionally B.unfortunately C.surprisingly D.desperately24.A.puttingon B.takingoff C.pickingup D.takingapart25.A.charge B.favor C.memory D.search26.A.react B.survive C.faint D.escape27.A.asif B.eventhough C.nowthat D.giventhat28.A.disturbed B.instructed C.followed D.defined29.A.grief B.freedom C.panic D.joy30.A.experiment B.course C.presentation D.game31.A.signal B.failure C.passion D.shock32.A.calmeddown B.lookedup C.ranoff D.rolledover33.A.skip B.restrict C.await D.teach34.A.skilful B.specific C.satisfying D.awkward35.A.diving B.cars C.mud D.boundaries【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.A25.A26.B27.A28.C29.B30.B31.D32.A33.D34.C35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在多米尼加共和国度假时参加了酒店提供的水肺潜水尝试，从此爱上了潜水，在完成了水肺潜水课程后，在一家顶级潜水中心教水肺潜水，作者对这份工作非常满意。【21题详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：我在多米尼加共和国度假时，酒店给我提供了一次水肺潜水尝试。A.until直到；B.unless除非；C.before在……之前；D.when当……时。根据“IwasonholidayintheDominicanRepublic”和“thehotelofferedmeatrialscubadive”可知，此处是指当酒店给“我”提供了一次水肺潜水尝试时。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我一直渴望的，所以我试了一下。A.ignore忽视；B.desire渴望；C.analyze分析；D.tolerate忍受。根据“soIgaveitago”可知，此处是指这是“我”一直渴望的。故选B。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：第一节课非常短，但令人惊讶的是，它有足够的时间来熟悉设备。A.intentionally故意地；B.unfortunately不幸地；C.surprisingly令人惊讶的是；D.desperately绝望地。根据“Thefirstsessionwasextremelyshortbut”和“itwasenoughtimetofamiliarizetheequipment”可知，此处是指令人惊讶的是。故选C。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：穿上它后，我很吃惊，因为我突然掌管着我们没有就无法生存的东西——空气。A.puttingon戴上；B.takingoff起飞；C.pickingup捡起；D.takingapart拆开。根据前文“itwasenoughtimetofamiliarizetheequipment”可知，此处是指穿上设备后。故选A。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：穿上它后，我很吃惊，因为我突然掌管着我们没有就无法生存的东西——空气。A.charge掌管；B.