说明文调查研究类备考策略课件-高三英语二轮复习专项

说明文-实验研究类阅读理解专题培养快速理清篇章结构，抓取文章大意的能力。运用说明文体裁分析，规范阅读理解的解题步骤。积累与调查研究类说明文相关的主题词汇。主题词汇1.实验对象与目的

subject(实验对象)/participant(参与者)/sample(样本)/aim(目的)/hypothesis(假设)/objective(目标)2.实验方法

procedure(步骤)/variable(变量)/controlgroup(对照组)/trial(试验)/measurement(测量)/simulate(模拟)3.数据与结果

data(数据)/result(结果)/conclusion(结论)/analysis(分析)/statisticallysignificant(统计学显著)/correlation(相关性)4.理论与应用

theory(理论)/principle(原理)/application(应用)/implication(启示)/limitation(局限性)/validity(有效性)5.常见动词

observe(观察)/conduct(实施)/compare(对比)/demonstrate(证明)/confirm(确认)/challenge(质疑)实验研究类说明文备考策略结构固定：1研究背景（Purpose/Background）：解释研究目标2实验设计（Methodology）：描述实验对象、变量、对照组、步骤。3数据结果（Results）：数据呈现4结论应用（Conclusion/Implications）：总结发现并提出实际意义

实验研究型文章一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。1研究结果：

主旨大意/最佳标题2研究方法：

细节理解/推断3数据结果/结论阐述：

细节理解/推断/说明方法4专家评议：

细节理解/推断/情感态度概括（general）具体（specific）找主旨：(1)

当段落中出现表转折的词语(如however,but,infact,actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。(2)

当首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。(3)

作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。(4)

表示总结或结论的话（常有therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等）。

说明文主旨大意-----位置:说明文中心句常出现在_____________,____________

具体操作(skimming)：找主题句的四个小窍门标题、段首、段尾高频词一、主旨大意题包括：主要内容(mainidea,mainlyabout)型、文章标题(besttitle)型、

WhatisthetextmainlyaboutWhat’sthemainidea/pointofthepassageWhichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassageWhichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassageWhatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassageWhatmessagedoestheauthorintendtoconvey正确选项特征（同义复现、概括呈现）：是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；体现“科学严谨性”，如使用

may,could,undercertainconditions

等限定词。干扰选项特征：可能是文中某个具体事实或细节；可能是文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论；​​可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。2020新高考1卷D篇WhatistherecentstudymainlyaboutA.Foodsafety.

B.Movieviewership.C.Consumerdemand.

D.Eatingbehavior.AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe’remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe

“I’llhavewhatshe’shaving”effect.However,we’ll

adjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I’llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I’llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan’tIAccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabits（ofoureatingcompanions）caninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it’sthebeanpoles（withbigappetites）youreallyneedtoavoid.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe’remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe

“I’llhavewhatshe’shaving”effect.However,we’ll

adjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I’llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I’llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan’tITotesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst....Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.

细节理解（直接/间接）提问直接关联实验的一些要素Accordingtothetext,howmanyparticipantswereinvolved”“Whatwasthemainmethodusedintheexperiment”“WhichgroupshowedahighersuccessrateHowwasthestudyconducted

WhatisDrKatovich’sconclusionbasedon数据、步骤、因果是高频考点选项特征：正确选项——同义、同词复现

错误选项：数字干扰：混淆时间、百分比或数量逻辑颠倒：调换因果关系（如将"A导致B"改为"B导致A"）。偷换概念：替换实验条件（如将"temperature"改为"humidity"）。Step2掌握相关解题技巧

细节理解-----Tip1:说明文细节理解题的破解分三步走。①_______________________________;②_______________________________;③_______________________________。Tip2:说明文细节理解题正确选项特征______________________________________划出题干、选项关键词回忆文章结构，定位具体段落关注关键词句，找出答案同词/同义复现精准定位：利用题干关键词（专有名词、数字、大写术语）快速扫读标点符号辅助：括号、破折号内的内容常为拓展资料说明，可能对应选项。对比验证：将选项与原文逐词比对，注意同义或同词复现Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,

mostproduceatthestore

wentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.While

farmer'smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,

BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)

shortensitevenmore.（2024年新高考II卷C篇阅读理解）28.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1A.Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood.B.Itrequiresday-to-daycare.C.Itcutsthefarm-to-tabledistance.D.Itreliesonfarmer'smarkets.同义复现

观点态度类常见设问方式①What'stheauthor'sattitudetowards...②Theauthor'sattitudetowards...is________.③Whatdoestheauthorthinkof...④Whatissb.'sattitudeto...基于作者态度的角度设置问题

《教学考试》杂志·高考英语·2023年第3期该类设题特点在于对作者的态度进行归纳，根据作者表达观点的句子，推出作者对所说明内容的情感态度，是支持或反对等态度，关于作者的情感态度，文中没有直接出现表示情感的词，而是用相关的句子表达出来，里面包含褒义词，中性词或贬义词，根据这些词汇推出作者态度。该类型题考查学生的推理能力，从文中得出作者情感态度。解题步骤第一：结合题干人物和内容定位原文出现在哪一（些）段；然后仔细比对该句言外之意；第二：区分不同人物立场态度。要注意区分试题考查的是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度；第三：态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，转折词。“态度类”识别题干特征通常会出现author，attitude，opinion，view“态度类”选项特征选项特征一般是四个感情色彩明显的形容词。Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.DidtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimatesDidtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirmindsThishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey"sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether."Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.2023高考新课标I卷D篇35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas'studiesA.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.一、赞同positiveadj.肯定的，积极的favorableadj.赞成的，有利的desirableadj.令人满意的approvingadj.赞成的【approvaln.赞成】enthusiasticadj.热情的，狂热的supportiveadj.支持的观点态度类词二、否定negativeadj.否定的，消极的disapprovingadj.不赞成的criticaladj.批评的disgustingadj.令人厌恶的warningadj.警告的，引以为戒的worriedadj.焦虑的，闷闷不乐的三、怀疑suspiciousadj.可疑的，怀疑的doubtfuladj.可疑的，疑心的skepticaladj.怀疑的questioningadj.怀疑的puzzling/confusingadj.迷惑人的,使莫明其妙的客观objectiveadj.客观的neutraladj.中立的impartialadj.公平的disinterestedadj.无私的detachedadj.客观的，不含个人偏见的unbiasedadj.没有偏见的unprejudicedadj.公平的，无偏见的impersonaladj.非个人的，客观的cautiousadj.小心谨慎的五、主观subjectiveadj.主观的worriedadj.担忧的concernedadj.关心的dissatisfiedadj.不满意的mixedadj.喜忧参半的biasedadj.有偏见的indignantadj.愤愤不平的gloomyadj.沮丧的sensitiveadj.敏感的，易受伤害的scaredadj.恐惧的radicaladj.激进的ironicadj.讽刺的confusedadj.困惑的，混乱的六积极concernedadj.关心的confidentadj.自信的，确信的interestedadj.感兴趣的optimisticadj.乐观的positiveadj.积极的impressiveadj.给人深刻印象的七、一般来说不是正确选项indifferentadj.漠不关心的depressedadj.沮丧的pessimisticadj.悲观的prejudicedadj.偏见的unconcernedadj.不关心的contemptuousadj.轻蔑的，侮辱的hostileadj.怀敌意的biasedadj.片面的mockingadj.嘲弄的提问形式：“Theword‘mitigate’inparagraph3mostprobablymeans______.”目标词汇多为学术术语或熟词僻义（如"yield"在实验中表"产生数据"）。

词义猜测题干扰项特征：与生词形似但无关（如“respectable”干扰“respective”）。过度引申（如将“herbivore”理解为“吃草的动物”，干扰项设为“素食主义者”）。反义词陷阱（如将“generous”的干扰项设为“selfish”）。1.

上下文线索法通过前后句的逻辑关系（如解释、对比、因果等）推断词义。因果关系：寻找“because,so,thus,therefore”等逻辑词，分析生词与结果的关联。对比关系：注意“but,however,unlike,while”等转折词，生词可能与上下文形成反义。解释说明：通过冒号、破折号、括号或同位语从句直接解释生词。2.

同义或反义关系法-

关注并列连词（and,or）或转折连词（but,however）。

-

通过已知词汇反向推断生词含义。3.

定义或解释法

寻找逗号、破折号、括号或从句中的解释性内容。

-

注意

"is/arecalled","means","referto",

“isdefinedas”,

“knownas”等提示词4.

例子说明法-

识别

"suchas","forexample","including",

“like”后的例子。

-

从例子共性中提炼核心含义。5.

构词分析法

2020新高考1卷D篇AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoles

withbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1refertoA.Bigeaters.

B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters.

D.Tallthinpersons.1.

上下文线索法2.

同义或反义关系法3.

定义或解释法4.

例子说明法5.

构词分析法大胃口的胖子大胃口的与先前的研究（要警惕有着大胃口的胖子）相反，我们更应该要避免有着大胃口的.......推理判断类

《考试说明》指出，阅读文章中的主要目的是获取信息，即理解作者所要传达的信息。在实际的阅读活动中，有时需要根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。推理判断题是继主旨大意题之后的又一类难题，在高考试题中大概占到2-9题。在实际解题中，判断推理应用很广，涉及到细节判断、因果关系的推断、人物性格态度及其观点的推断，预测想象推断、文章来源或读者对象对推断、写作意图推断等。题干主要包括下列五个动词：infer（推断）,imply（暗示）,suggest（暗示）,conclude（作出结论）和assume（假定，设想）。主要设题形式：Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage/textthat_________。Theauthorstronglysuggeststhat__________.It

canbeconcludedfromthepassagethat__________.Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe__________.Thewriterimpliesbutnotdirectlystatesthat_________Thepassageisintendedto__________.Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat__________.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport？

WhymustapopsingerworkevenharderwhenhehasbecomefamousThewritertalkedaboutthewaitress'agebecausehethought___________.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutnewspapers忠于原文，不可自己多想高考真题训练2025浙江一月卷（首尾段）Asnewtechnologiestakeonincreasinglyhumanlikequalities,there’sbeenapushtomakethemgenderless.

“Peoplearestereotyping(形成刻板印象)theirgenderedobjectsinverytraditionalways,”

saysAshleyMartin,aStanfordassociateprofessoroforganizationalbehavior.Removinggenderfromthepicturealtogetherseemslikeasimplewaytofixthis.YetasMartinhasfoundinherwork,genderisoneofthefundamentalwayspeopleformconnectionswithobjects,particularlythosedesignedwithhumancharacteristics.

32.WhatisthepurposeofmakingnewtechnologiesgenderlessA.Toreducestereotypes.

B.Tomeetpublicdemand.C.Tocutproductioncosts.

D.Toencouragecompetition.细节理解题

Martinseesasilverlining,however:Shebelievesthatanthropomorphism(拟人化)

“providesanopportunitytochangestereotypes.”

Whenwomenareputintopositionsofleadershiplikerunningcompanies,itreducesnegativestereotypesaboutwomen.Similarly,anthropomorphizedproductscouldbecreatedtotakeonstereotype-inconsistentroles

—

amalerobotthatassistswithnursingorafemalerobotthathelpsdocalculations,forinstance.35.WhatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutA.Thequalityofgenderlessproducts.

B.Theupsideofgenderingaproduct.C.Themeaningofanthropomorphism.

D.Thestereotypesofmenandwomen.段落主旨大意题

Inherstudy,Martinaskedparticipantstoratetheirattachmenttomale,female,andgenderlessversionsofadigitalvoiceassistantandaself-drivingcarknownas

“Miuu.”

Itwasfoundthatgenderincreasedusers’

feelingsofattachmenttothesedevicesandtheirinterestinpurchasingthem.Forexample,participantssaidtheywouldbelesslikelytobuyagenderlessvoiceassistantthanversionswithmaleorfemalevoices.33.WhatweretheparticipantsprobablyaskedtodointhestudyA.Designaproduct.

B.Respondtoasurvey.C.Workasassistants.

D.Takealanguagetest.实验（研究）过程实验（研究）发现细节理解题（2024年新高考II卷C篇阅读理解）——（第一段）Weallknowfreshisbest