统型应急电源概况BUSELECTRICALINSTALLA

统型应急电源概况主讲人张嘉ZHENGZHOURAILWAYVOCATIONAL&TECHNICALCOLLEGE客车电气装置/BUSELECTRICALINSTALLATIONSpeaker主讲人Zhangjia张嘉在全列空调客车中，部分电气装置使用交流电，如客车空调、电开水炉、客车照明等，另一部分负载使用直流电，直流负载可分为一般直流负载和应急负载两类。Inair-conditionedpassengercar,DCloadscanbedividedintogeneralDCloadsandemergencyloads.SomeelectricaldevicesuseACpower,suchasbusairconditioning,electrickettles,andbuslighting,whileanotherpartoftheloadsusesDCpower.DCloadscanbedividedintogeneralDCloadsandemergencyloads.一般直流负载是指在本车交流断电后不再用电的48V直流用电器，如厕所有无人显示器、水位显示器等；GeneralDCloadsrefertothe48VDCappliancesthatdonotrequirepoweraftertheACpoweriscutoff,suchasunattendeddisplaysintoilets,waterleveldisplays,etc.应急负载是指在本车断电后仍需用电的48V直流用电器，如应急灯、轴温报警装置、尾灯插座等。Emergencyloadsrefertothe48VDCappliancesthatstillrequirepowerafterthebuspoweriscutoff,suchasemergencylights,axletemperaturealarmdevices,taillightsockets,etc.客车应急电源就是给直流用电器提供直流电的设备。TheemergencypowersupplyforpassengercaristheequipmentthatprovidesDCpowertoDCappliances.统型应急电源概况应急电源箱emergencypowersupplybox二、客车应急电源的组成Componentsofemergencypowersupplyforpassengercars统型应急电源概况应急电源emergencypowersupply蓄电池batterypack当本车有电交流电一般直流负载应急负载蓄电池48V直流电供给当本车断电蓄电池应急负载WhentheACpowerisavailable,theemergencypowersupplycanrectifytheACpowerinto48VDCpowerandsupplypowertobothgeneralDCloadsandemergencyloads,whilealsochargingthebatterypack.WhentheACpoweriscutoff,theemergencyloadsarepoweredbythebatteries.统型应急电源概况空调客车DC48V供电系统48VDCpowersupplysystemforair-conditionedbuses全密闭免维护型铅酸蓄电池Afullysealedmaintenance-freelead-acidbattery.整流器rectifiers充电机chargers应急控制系统emergencycontrolsystems应急电源箱Emergencypowersupplybox蓄电池batterypack统型应急电源概况当本车AC380/220V正常时充电charge当本车交流380V/220V正常时WhentheACpowerofthebusisnormalat380V/220V由整流器将380V交流电转换成48V直流电向所有直流负载供电Therectifierconvertsthe380VACpowerinto48VDCpowertosupplypowertoallDCloads,同时充电机将220V交流电转换为直流电向48V蓄电池充电whilethechargerconvertsthe220VACpowerintoDCpowertochargethe48Vbattery.统型应急电源概况与整流器当交流断电时WhentheACpoweriscutoff电池在应急控制系统的控制下向轴温报警装置、应急灯、尾灯插座等需应急工作的直流负载供电。ThebatterypowerstheDCloadsthatrequireemergencyoperation,suchastheaxletemperaturealarmdevice,emergencylights,taillightsockets,underthecontroloftheemergencycontrolsystem.当本车AC380/220V断电时放电discharge统型应急电源概况与整流器应急电源的技术要求如下Thetechnicalrequirementsoftheemergencypowersupplyareasfollows:供直流负载的整流电路与供蓄电池充电的充电电路分别设置，两者的输出电压不同，即提高了直流用电器的寿命，又保证了电池可靠充电。TherectifiercircuitforDCloadsandthechargingcircuitforbatterychargingaresetupseparately,andtheoutputvoltagesofthetwoaredifferent,i.e.,itimprovesthelifespanofDCelectricalappliancesandensuresreliablechargingofbatteries.充电电压可根据夏季和冬季进行调节（56V～59V）。Thechargingvoltagecanbeadjustedforsummerandwinter(56Vto59V).有电池过放电保护电路和电池过充电保护电路。Therearebatteryover-dischargeprotectioncircuitandbatteryover-chargeprotectioncircuit.应急自动转换电路可靠，故障少。Theemergencyautomaticswitchingcircuitisreliableandhasfewfaults.采用免维护密闭电池，容量适当，维护方便，寿命长，成本低。Itadoptsmaintenance-freesealedbatterywithpropercapacity,easymaintenance,longlifeandlowcost.12345统型应急电源概况与整流器整流器作用将输入的AC380V三相交流电变成直流电供给直流负载使用。Theirfunctionistoconverttheinput380Vthree-phaseACpowerintoDCpowerforDCloaduse.组成空气开关Q2、降压变压器B2、整流模块U2、电感器L2和电容器C101等。整流器的工作原理如图所示。Themaincomponentsare:airswitchQ2,step-downtransformerB2,rectifiermoduleU2,inductorL2,andcapacitorC101,etc.Theworkingprincipleoftherectifierisshowninthediagram.三相380V交流电源从接线端子排JX1的1、2、3号接线柱经整流器插座、插头CZ2、CT2的1-2、4-5、11-12输入，通过空气断路器Q2加到△/Y联接的三相降压变压器B2，三相变压器的次级接到整流模块U2。Thethree-phase380VACpowersupplyisinputfromthe1st,2nd,and3rdterminalsofthewiringterminalblockJX1,throughtherectifiersocket,plugCZ2,andCT2's1-2,4-5,11-12,andthenconnectedtotheΔ/Y-connectedthree-phasestep-downtransformerB2bytheaircircuitbreakerQ2.Thesecondarysideofthethree-phasetransformerisconnectedtotherectifiermoduleU2.整流模块U2内部为三相桥式整流电路，低压交流电源经U2整流后输出48V直流电。TheinternaloftherectifiermoduleU2isathree-phasebridgerectifiercircuit.Thelow-voltageACpowersupplyisrectifiedbyU2tooutput48VDCpower.48V直流电源经电感器L2、电容器C101滤波，然后由整流器插头、插座CT2、CZ2的7-10和16-18向外输出48V直流电源。The48VDCpowersupplyisfilteredbytheinductorL2andcapacitorC101,andthenoutput48VDCpowerexternallythroughtherectifierplug,socketCT2,andCZ2's7-10and16-18.整流器如图所示Asshowninthediagram整流器输出的48V直流电源可向①一般直流负载、②应急负载及③控制箱面板上的正常指示灯供电。其中：The48VDCpoweroutputfromtherectifiercansupplypowerto①generalDCloads,②emergencyloads,and③normalindicatorlightsonthecontrolboxpanel.Amongthem:一般直流负载整流器①向一般直流负载供电的通路为整流器插座CZ2的7-10熔断器RD7接线端子排JX1的11号接线端子接线端子排JX1的7号接线端子整流器插座CZ2的16-18一般直流负载一般直流负载接线端子排JX1的8号接线端子ThepowersupplypathforgeneralDCloadsisasfollows:rectifiersocketCZ2's7-10→fuseRD7→terminalblockJX1's11thterminal→generalDCload→terminalblockJX1's8thterminal→terminalblockJX1's7thterminal→rectifiersocketCZ2's16-18.整流器②向应急直流负载供电的通路为整流器插座CZ2的7-10接触器KM2常开触点接线端子排JX1的10号接线端子接线端子排JX1的7号接线端子整流器插座CZ2的16-18应急负载接线端子排JX1的8号接线端子应急直流负载熔断器RD6ThepowersupplypathforemergencyDCloadsisasfollows:rectifiersocketCZ2's7-10→contactorKM2normallyopencontact→fuseRD6→terminalblockJX1's10thterminal→emergencyload→terminalblockJX1's8thtermina