南京航空航天大学飞机设计期末复习资料

Questions&ReviewAIRCRAFTDESIGN

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AConceptualApproachDanielP.Raymer(232sheets)CONTENTS(1)Chapter1.Design---ASeparateDiscipline1.1Whatisdesign1.2IntroductiontotheBookChapter2.OverviewoftheDesignProcess2.1Introduction2.2PhasesofAircraftDesign2.3AircraftConceptualDesignProcessLoadingChapter3.SizingfromaConceptualSketch3.1Introduction3.2Takeoff-WeightBuildup3.3Empty-WeightEstimation3.4Fuel-FractionEstimation3.5Takeoff-WeightCalculation3.6DesignExample:ASWAircraftCONTENTS(2)Chapter4.AirfoilandGeometrySelection

4.1Introduction

4.2AirfoilSelection

4.3WingGeometry

4.4BiplaneWing

4.5TailGeometryandArrangement

Chapter5.Thrust-WeightRatioandWingLoading5.1Introduction

5.2Thrust-to-WeightRatio

5.3WingLoading

5.4SelectionofThrust-to-WeightandWingLoadingAIRCRAFTDESIGN

(2):AConceptualApproachDanielP.Raymer(104sheets)CONTENTS(1)Chapter6InitialSizing6.1Introduction6.2Rubber-EngineSizing6.3Fixed-EngineSizing6.4Geometrysizing6.5Control-SurfaceSizingChapter7ConfigurationLayoutandLoft7.1Introduction7.2EndProductsofConfigurationLayout7.3ConicLofting7.4ConicFuselageDevelopment7.5Flat-WrapFuselageLofting7.6Circle-to-SquareAdapter7.7Fuselageloftverification7.8Wing/tailLayoutandLoft7.9AircraftLayoutProcedure7.10WettedAreaDetermination7.11VolumeDeterminationCONTENTS(2)Chapter8SpecialconsiderationinconfigurationLayout8.1Introduction8.2AerodynamicConsideration8.3StructuralConsideration8.4RadarDetectability8.5InfraredDetectability8.6VisualDetectability8.7AuralSignature8.8VulnerabilityConsideration8.9CrashworthinessConsideration8.10ProducibilityConsideration8.11MaintainabilityConsiderationAIRCRAFTDESIGN

(3):AConceptualApproachDanielP.Raymer(281sheets)CONTENTS(1)Chapter12Aerodynamics12.1Introduction12.2AerodynamicForces12.3AerodynamicCoefficients12.4Lift12.5Parasite(Zero-Lift)Drag12.6DragDuetoLift(InducedDrag)12.7AerodynamicCodeandComputationalFluidDynamics(CFD)Chapter15Weights15.1Introduction15.2ApproximateGroupWeightsMethod15.3StatisticalGroupWeightsMethod15.4AdditionalConsiderationsinWeightsEstimationCONTENTS(2)Chapter16Stability,Control,andHandlingQualities16.1Introduction16.2CoordinateSystemsandDefinitions16.3LongitudinalStaticStabilityandcontrol16.4LateralDirectionalStaticStabilityandControl16.5Stick-FreeStability16.6EffectsofFlexibility16.7DynamicStability16.8Quasi-SteadyState16.9InertiaCoupling16.10HandlingQualitiesCONTENTS(3)Chapter17PerformanceandFlightMechanics17.1Introduction17.2SteadyLevelFlight17.3SteadyClimbingandDescendingFlight17.4LevelTurningFlight17.5GlidingFlight17.6EnergyManeuverabilityMethods17.7OperatingEnvelope17.8TakeoffAnalysis17.9LandingAnalysis17.10OtherFlightPerformanceMeasuresofMeritAbouttheEXAMTime:A.M.10:00-12:00/DEC.18,2014Place:521,531QuestionFormat:PartI.WordsExplanation(20’)PartII..Fillthevacanciesselected(20’)PartIII.AnswertheQuestions(20’)PartV.Calculations(40’)PartIAirfoilthicknessratio;Taperratio;Aspectratio;Geometrictwistofwing;Aerodynamictwistofwing;Wingincidence;Dihedral;Thrust-to-weightratioofaircraft;Wingloading;Stallspeed;Takeoffdistanceofaircraft;Instantaneousturn;Cruisespeed;Loadfactor;Sustainedturn;RateofclimbMaximumceiling;Radarcrosssection(RCS);ThetypesofwingcarrythroughstructuresFlutter;Productionbreaks;Zero-liftdrag(orParasitedrag)Induceddrag(orDragdue-to-lift);Wavedrag;Maximumlift-to-dragratio;Lift-curveslope;Thetypesofrearflaps;Thetypesofleading-edgeflaps;Wingstrake(orLeadingedgeextension);Trimdrag;Emptyweight;Fuelweightofaircraft;Payloadweightofaircraft;Bodyaxiscoordinatesystem;Wind-axiscoordinatesystem;Longitudinalstaticstability;Pitchingmoment;Aerodynamiccenter;Neutralpoint(orFocuspoint);Lateralstaticstability;Yaw;Roll;Steadylevelflight;Rangeofaircraft;Climbgradient;Theaircraftflightenvelope;AircraftwettedareaWingtipwingletWhenwedesignthehorizontaltailtotrimthewingpitch-moment,iftheaerodynamiccenterisinfrontofcenterofgravity,________,thenitcantrimthenose-upmomentofthewing.A.liftofhorizontaltailshouldbedown;B.horizontaltailshouldbedesignedwiththesmallpositiveincidence;C.horizontaltailshouldbedesignedwiththenegativeincidenceWhenthewingofataillessaircraftisdesigned,theaerodynamiccenterofwingmustbeselectedas________.A.aftertheaircraftcenterofgravity;B.inthefrontoftheaircraftcenterofgravity;C.inanyposition.Ifthewingisdesignedasaswept-wing,itwillpossess________.A.thedihedraleffect;B.thenegativedihedraleffect;C.thelowercriticalMachnumber.4.Thewingwiththerearing-edgeflaps,whentheflapsdeflectdown,can_________.A.increasethemaximumliftcoefficientofwingandtheslopeoftheliftcurve;B.increasethemaximumliftcoefficientofwingandreducetheangleofzero-lift;C.increasethemaximumliftcoefficientofwingandthestallangleofattack.PartIII5.Foraircraftwiththerelaxedstaticstability,thehorizontaltail_________.Whenwedesignthehorizontaltailtotrimthewingpitch-moment,iftheaerodynamiccenterisinfrontofcenterofgravity,________,thenitcantrimthenose-upmomentofthewing.A.liftofhorizontaltailshouldbedown;B.horizontaltailshouldbedesignedwiththesmallpositiveincidence;C.horizontaltailshouldbedesignedwiththenegativeincidenceWhenthewingofataillessaircraftisdesigned,theaerodynamiccenterofwingmustbeselectedas________.A.aftertheaircraftcenterofgravity;B.inthefrontoftheaircraftcenterofgravity;C.inanyposition.Ifthewingisdesignedasaswept-wing,itwillpossess________.A.thedihedraleffect;B.thenegativedihedraleffect;C.thelowercriticalMachnumber.4.Thewingwiththerearing-edgeflaps,whentheflapsdeflectdown,can_________.A.increasethemaximumliftcoefficientofwingandtheslopeoftheliftcurve;B.increasethemaximumliftcoefficientofwingandreducetheangleofzero-lift;C.increasethemaximumliftcoefficientofwingandthestallangleofattack.PartIII5.Foraircraftwiththerelaxedstaticstability,thehorizontaltail_________.6.Iftwoenginesareinstalledonthetwo-sideofwing,whentheleftenginefailsduringflight,thepilotmust________toretaintheaircraftbalance.deflecttherudderontheleft-side;deflecttherudderontheright-side;deflecttheelevatorupward.7.The“aileronreversal”willoccursbecause_________.thestrengthofwingisnotenough;thestiffnessofwingistoolarge;thestiffnessofwingisnotenough.8.Toincreasethewingloadingofaircraft,whentheotherconditionsofaircraftareunchanged,itwill________.increasethetakeoffdistanceofaircraft;reducethetakeoffdistanceofaircraft;notaffectthetakeoffdistanceofaircraft.9.Thewingofaircraftisdesignedastheforward-swept,itwill__________.reducethecriticalMachnumberofaircraft;increasethecriticalMachnumberofaircraft;notaffectthecriticalMachnumberofaircraft.10.Thewingofaircraftisdesignedastheforward-swept,_________.underthelargeangleofattack,theflowseparationfirstoccursatthetipofwing;underthelargeangleofattack,theflowseparationfirstoccursattherootofwing;underthelargeangleofattack,theflowisnotseparated.11.Increasethewingaspectratioofaircraftforthelargetransportaircraft,itwill______.befavorabletoincreasetherangeofaircraft;increasethestructuralweightofaircraft;befavorabletoincreasetherateofclimbofaircraft.12.Inordertoproduceaircraftthevortex-lift,thestrakemustbearranged________.undertheforward-below;withinthechordplaneofwing;ontheforward-aboveofwing.13.Theloadfactorofaircraftwiththeinstantaneousturnratecomparedwiththesustainedturnrateis_______.(1)small;(2)same;(3)large.14.Thelandinggearforthecarrier-basedaircraftcomparedwithoneforthecontinent-basedaircraftis_________.tobedesignedasstronger;tobedesignedasweaker;designedassame.15.Iftheciviltransportincreasetheaspectratioofwing,itwill_________.increasethetakeoffweightofaircraft;reducethetakeoffweightofaircraft;notaffectthetakeoffweightofaircraft.16.Ifthecruisespeedofaircraftriseunderconditionofunchangedrange,thetakeoffweightofaircraftwill________.(1)rise;(2)notchange;(3)reduce.PartIVWhichthreemajorphasesistheaircraftdesignbrokenintoWhatmajorworkswilleachphasedoWhatairfoilswillbeselectedforthelower-speedaircraft,high-subsonicaircraftandsupersonicaircraft,respectively(includingthetypesof