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半导体光电子学BackgroundTheDemandforMoreBandwidth Internet,multimediacommunications,andetcMethodstoIncreaseSystemCapacity WDM(Wavelength-DivisionMultiplexing) OTDM(OpticalTime-DivisionMultiplexing)BenefitsofWDMtechniques FlexibilityandscalabilityforavarietyofnetworkarchitecturesWDMtechniquesarethebackboneofmodernopticalfibernetworks2025/3/3122025/3/3132025/3/314KeyDevicesforWDMOpticalFiberNetworkSystemsLightSourcesLow-costuncooledLDsDirectlymodulatedLDsModulatorintegratedDFBLDsWavelengthtunable/selectableLDsHigh-SpeedPhotodetectorsSOAandWavelengthConverterAWGandRelated2025/3/3152025/3/316Low-CostUncooledLDsApplicationsAccessnetworkMetropolitantransmissionBitrate:155MB/s(FP-LDs)~10Gb/s(DFB-LDs)Requirements

WidetemperaturerangeoperationCost-effectivestructurefordevicefabricationHighefficiencyandlargetoleranceforcouplingoutputlightintoasinglemodefiber2025/3/317UncooledGain-CoupledDFBLDsStablesinglemodeoperationfrom-40to85C

Integratedbeam-expanderforimprovedcouplingtoleranceGain-coupledDFBlaserswithcurrent-blockinggratings2025/3/318DirectlyModulatedDFBLDsApplicationsGigabitEthernetMetropolitantransmissionBitrate:upto10Gb/sWavelength:1.3m&1.55mLimitationsLimitedtransmissionspan(<20km)duetolargelinewidthenhancementfactor(>4)

Modulationspeedislimitedbycarrierrelaxationoscillation2025/3/31910Gb/sDirectlyModulatedDFBLDsfor

MetropolitanDataTransmissionSmall-signalRFResponseBERCharacteristics2025/3/3110EAModulatorIntegratedDFBLDsApplicationsTrunklinetransmissionBitrate:2.5Gb/s~40Gb/sAdvantagesCompactsizeLowcouplinglossLowfrequencychirpingReducedcostImprovedreliability2025/3/311110Gb/sEAModulatorIntegratedDFBLDsforTrunkLineCommunicationsTransmissionlength:100kmFeature:Lowpowerpenalty(<1.5dB)&Widebandwidth(~14GHz)2025/3/311210Gb/sEAModulatorIntegratedDFBLDsEyeDiagramBERPerformance2025/3/3113WavelengthTunable/SelectableLDsAdvantagesAbilitytorestorefailedchannelsReducedtransmittercostIncreasedflexibilityforfuturenetworkmanagingWavelengthTunablevs.WavelengthSelectableWavelengthTunableLDs:BasedonDBRstructures

Compactdevicestructure Poorreliability&ElectriccrosstalkathighfrequencyWavelengthSelectableLDs:BasedonDFBLDarrays Relativelycomplicateddevicestructure

Improvedreliabilityandwavelengthstability2025/3/3114Multi-rangeWavelengthSelectableLDsForuseinback-up&add-dropinDWDMphotonicnetworkDFB-LDsintegratedwithMMIcoupler,SOA,andEAmodulatorCompactsize(400m2840m)2025/3/3115Multi-RangeWavelengthSelectableLDArraysforDWDMSystems15nm/chipwavelengthselectablerangeWavelength&ThresholdcurrentLasingSpectra2025/3/3116High-SpeedPhotodetectorsConventionalConfigurationsSurfaceilluminatedp-i-nphotodetectorAvalanchephotodetector(APD)Limitations

LimitedbandwidthforAPDdetectorsTrade-offbetweenbandwidthandefficiencyforsurfaceilluminatedp-i-ndetectorsCurrentTrendSideilluminatedstructureWaveguidep-i-nphotodiodes2025/3/3117WidebandWaveguidePhotodiode

for40Gb/sSystemsMonolithicreceivercomposedofmultimode

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