2025年66项必知的科技统计数据白皮书：新兴与衰退市场洞察（英文版）-36正式版

66MUST-KNOWTECHSTATSFOR2025:MARKETSONTHERISE&DECLINEContents5G&6GCloud-NativeSystems......................................35GDevices,Smartphones&Wearables........................45G,6G&OpenRAN.........................................................5AI&MachineLearning....................................................6CircularityTechnologies&Programs............................7CitizenDigitalIdentity.....................................................8ConsumerTechnologies.................................................9DigitalPaymentTechnologies......................................10ElectricVehicles..............................................................11ExtendedReality(XR)Markets......................................12ExtendedReality(XR)Technologies.............................13HybridCloud&5GMarkets..........................................14Industrial&Collaborative&CommercialRobotics...15Industrial&ManufacturingMarkets...........................16Industrial&ManufacturingTechnologies...................17IoTHardware..................................................................18IoTMarkets.....................................................................19IoTNetworks&Platforms.............................................20Next-GenHybridCloudSolutions................................21OTCybersecurity............................................................22Quantum-SafeTechnologies........................................23SmartBuildings..............................................................24SmartEnergyforEnterprises&Industries.................25SmartMobility&Automotive.......................................26SoutheastAsiaDigitalTransformation.......................27SpaceTechnologies&Innovation................................28SupplyChainManagement&Logistics.......................29SustainabilityforIndustrialMarkets...........................30SustainabilityforTelcoMarkets...................................31TelcoCybersecurity.......................................................32TrustedDeviceSolutions..............................................33Wi-Fi&WLANTechnologies&Markets.......................34FROMOURCHIEFRESEARCHOFFICERWefindourselvesatanotherpivotalmomentasacommunityoftechnologyimplementersandinnovators.Theglobaleconomiclandscapecontinuestostabilize,yetnewchallengespersist,particularlyintheformofshiftingmarketdynamicsandgeopoliticaluncertainties.Atthisjuncture,companiesandorganizationsmustmakestrategicdecisionsthatwilldefinetheirsuccessinthenearterm.Tonavigatetheseuncertainties,organizationsmustidentifyandcapitalizeonemergingtechnologytrendswhilemitigatingexposuretodecliningmarkets.Theymustprioritizeagileinvestmentstrat-egies,partnerwiththerightinnovators,andensuretheirtechnologyroadmapsalignwithgrowthopportunities.Aboveall,businessesmustleveragedata-driveninsightstomaximizeReturnonInvestment(ROI)andbuildresilienceagainstpotentialdisruptions.StuartCarlawABIResearchChiefResearchOfficerThispaperhighlights66essentialtechnologymarketshifts—33sectorspoisedforgrowthand33facingcontraction.Theseinsights,backedbyABIResearch’srigorousanalysis,equipbusinesseswiththeintelligenceneededtoseizeemergingopportunitiesandavoidstagnation.Ourcomprehensive,relevant,andtimelyforecastsprovidetheclarityrequiredformakingimpactfuldecisionsin2025andbeyond.Welookforwardtocontinuingtosupportourclientsastheyharnesstheseinsightstooutperformtheircompetition.ꢀWi-Fi,Bluetooth&WirelessConnectivity..................35®25G&6GCloud-NativeSystemsMARKETSONTHERISEMARKETSONTHEDECLINEProfessionalservicesrevenuewillreachTheVirtualNetworkFunctions(VNFs)marketUS$6.56billionby2029,aftersurpassingwillslowtoahalt,andmayevenbegintocontract,hardwarerevenueforthefirsttimein2024.losingUS$150millionbetween2023and2029.CloudInfrastructureRevenuebySegment(US$Billions)VNFversusCNFRevenue(US$Billions)1816141210887654321064202023202420252026202720282023VNFs202420252026202720282029SoftwareNFVIHardwareProfessionalServicesCNFsOnemilestoneinnetworkdigitalizationiswheninfrastructuresoftwareandprofessionalservicesbecometopmarketdriversinsteadofhardware.Forthefirsttime,thiswillbeclearin2025,whenprofitsfromprofessionalservicesareexpectedtosignificantlysurpassprofitsfromNetworkFunc-tionVirtualizationInfrastructure(NFVI)hardware.Thisisdrivenby:1)maturityofmarketfornetworkvirtualization,and2)expansionofprofessionalservicesforcloudinfrastructure,includingcloudconsulting,networkautomation,andsystemsintegration.OperatorsstillhavemanylegacyphysicalandVNFapplicationsthatwillneedtobetransitionedtocloud-native.AUS$3billionVNFmarkethasbeensupportinglegacyoperatorsandgrowinguntil2025.Weanticipatethat,bytheendoftheyear,revenuewillstagnateandwemayevenseethefirstdeclineinVNFrevenue.ThiswillbeaninflectionpointwithaslowandsteadydeclineofVNFsthere-after,withrevenueeventuallybeingsurpassedbythoseofCloud-nativeNetworkFunctions(CNFs)around2027.ThesetransitionswillbesupportedbycloudmigrationservicesandhybridVNF-CNFinfrastructureplatforms,suchasRedHatOpenStackServicesinOpenShiftorHuawei’sDual-EngineContainersolution.35GDevices,Smartphones&WearablesMARKETSONTHERISEMARKETSONTHEDECLINEFueledbyimprovementsinusecases,batterylife,andThesmartphonesystemisbankingoneconomicrecovery,affordability,ABIResearchforecaststhesmartringmarketimprovedreplacementcycles,andAItoboostshipments,togrowby26%in2024,reaching70.5millionin2029.whichABIResearchexpectstogrowto1.39billion.SmartRingShipments(Millions)SmartphoneShipmentsbySegment801.610090807060504030201007060504030201001.41.21.00.80.60.40.20.020232024202520262027202820292023202420252026202720282029SmartRings(volumeunits)TotalSmartphones5GSmartphones5GShare(%)Smartringshavebeengrowinginpopularityinthewearablesmarket,promisingtodrivegrowthinthesectorthroughservingvarioususecasessuchascontactlesspayments,accesscontrol,healthandfitnesstrack-ing,andsmarthomeintegrationinanunobtrusiveandcomfortableformfactor.Servingascompanionstosmartwatches,asmartringsensorcangenerateinformationthatisaccurateandpreciseduetoconsistentproximitytotheskin.Theirusewillalsobedrivenbyimprovedbatterylife(reachingupto7days),enhancedsensors,affordability,andgreaterchoiceofproductsacrosspricetiers.Thesmartringmarketisexpectedtodiversifywithpremiumofferingsfromestablishedbrands,suchasOura,Samsung,andpotentiallyApple,focusingoncomprehensivehealthmetrics,whilemoreaffordableoptionswilltargetspecificcoreusecaseslikefitnesstrackingandmobilepayments.Enterpriseadoptionwillemergeinspecificverticalslikehealthcareandworkplacesecurity,thoughconsumerapplicationswillstilldominateovertheforecastperiod.Thesmartphonemarkethasbeenmaturingwithdemandbeinghamperednotonlybyeconomicheadwindsinrecentyears,butalsobyalackofcompellingupgradesandlengtheningreplacementcycles.However,ex-pectedmarketgrowththrough2029willbeboostedbytheadditionofGenerativeArtificialIntelligence(GenAI)insmartphones,whichwillprovideaplethoraofapplicationsandfeaturestohelprestimulatedemand.Proportionally,salesof5Gsmartphoneshavebeenacceleratingbyaffordabilityandmarketadoption,drivenbyavailabilityofmodelsfromallmajorbrandsacrosspricetiers.Despitethegrowthin5Gsmartphoneshipmentsanditsgrowinginfluenceacrossglobalmarkets,theeco-systemfaceschallengesahead,notablythesea-changeinindustryattitudesawayfromconnectivitytowardcomputeandArtificialIntelligence(AI).Inaddition,theevolutiontoward5G-Advancedisnotexpectedtoarrivewiththefanfareonceexpectedbecausethereisstillmuchthattheindustryneedstotacklebeforethevalueofthe5Gecosystemisunlockedandcanrealizeitsfullpotential.45G,6G&OpenRANMARKETSONTHERISEMARKETSONTHEDECLINEAnnualrevenueformacrobasebandswillcontinuetodecline,FWAsubscriptionswillreacharound265millionby2029.dippingtoUS$22.59billiontotalby2028.FixedWirelessAccessSubscriptionsMacroBasebandAnnualRevenuebySegment30030250200150100502520151050020235G202420252026202720282029202320245G20252026202720282029LTEOther2G/3G/4GFixedWirelessAccess(FWA)hasbeenoneofthemonetizationsuccessstoriesduringthe5Geraandservicescontinuetobedeployedworldwide.Themorematureservicesarebeginningtoevolveinlinewithawiderindustrytrendshiftingfromasimpletrafficmonetizationbusinessmodeltowardaservicemonetizationmodel.ThetotalFWAsubscriptionmarketisexpectedtoreach265millionby2029,with5Gsubscriptionsaccountingfor45%ofthemarket.As5GRadioAccessNetwork(RAN)continuestobecomemoreandmoredisaggregated,therevenuepotentialduetofewerhardwarecomponentscontinuestofall.In2025,thistrendisexpectedtocontinue,withlegacybasebandrevenueexpectedtocompletelydiminishby2028.Revenuefor5Gbasebandshaspeakedalreadyduetoongoinginitialdeploymentsof5Gcellsites,andasgreaterdisaggregationoccurs,therevenuewillcontinuetodecline.TheU.S.market,whichisanextremelymature5GFWAmarket,isexpectedtocontinuetogrow,albeitataslightlyslowerratethanpreviously,astheleadingoperators,VerizonandT-MobileUS,announcedtheirplansforexpandingtheirsubscriberbasegiventhattheirinitialtargetsweremetaheadofschedule.The4Gsubscriberbaseworldwidewillremainprevalentworldwide,especiallyinregionssuchasAfricawheremany5Gspectrumauctionsandinitialnetworkdeploymentshaveyettobeconducted.5AI&MachineLearningMARKETSONTHERISEMARKETSONTHEDECLINELLMenterprisespendinggrowsrapidly(35%CAGR*),whilethevisionAImarketremainsdominatedbytraditionalMLdueFPGAsshareoftotaldatacenterchipsetshipmentsissettotocommercial,operational,andtechnologyconsiderations.declineoverthedecade,reachingalowof1.4%by2030.AISOFTWAREREVENUE(US$MILLIONS)DATACENTERCHIPSETARCHITECTURESHARESAISoftwareRevenue2023202420252026202720282029202429.0%48.2%2.8%202525.6%50.8%2.4%202623.0%53.3%2.1%202721.2%54.7%1.9%202820.0%55.2%1.7%202918.9%55.5%1.5%203018.2%54.8%1.4%CPUComputerVision15.8221.3727.0832.8238.4543.1947.73GPUFPGAASICLVMsLLMs0.421.3353.83.076.0410.1216.2223.8128.3480.63106.45129.86153.08176.0919.9%21.2%21.6%22.2%23.1%24.1%25.5%EnterprisesoftwarespendingonLargeLanguageModel(LLMs)continuestogrowrapidlyasProofsofConcept(PoCs)matureintoscaleddeploymentsembeddedacrossentirecompanies.However,thevisionAImarketisadifferentstory.Spendingoncomputervisionwillcontinuetoovershadownewtransformer-based,LargeVisionModels(LVMs)overthenext6years.Thesustaineddominanceinthismarketcanbechalkeduptoseveralcommercial,operational,andtechnologicalfactors:MajorFieldProgrammableGateArray(FPGA)vendorsIntel(Altera)andAMD(Xilinx)experiencedacollapseintheirFPGArevenuein2024,blamedoninventorycorrections,whichstarklycontraststheirperformancein2023.TheyareamongahandfulofdatacenterAIcomputeFPGAplayers—alongwithAchronix,whichspecializesinthedomain.GraphicsProcessingUnits(GPUs)aresettodominatethroughouttherestofthedecadeinabsoluteandrealterms.FPGAshavenonethelessproventhemselvesinsmallerformfactors,buildingontheirlegacyincomputervisionapplications.•Commercial:KeyverticalsdeployingvisionAIatscale(manufacturing,healthcare,retail)haveyettoseeviableLVMusecaseswithclearReturnonInvestment(ROI).LVMsaremuchmoreexpensivetodeployandoperategivenhardwareandsoftwaredevelopmentrequirements.••Operational:DeployingandscalingLVMscanbechallenging,expensive,andbringsignificantrisks(hallucinations,dataprivacy,regulation).Mostusecasesaremissioncriticalandrelyupon100%accuracy.Technology:Mostvisionmodelsaredeployedattheedgeduetolatencyandsecurityrequirements.Thisbringsmemory,power,andperformanceconstraints,whichrestrictdeploymentofLVMs.Althoughnewtransformer-based,GenAImodelsare,forgoodreason,dominatingenterpriseandvendorstrategicplanning,itisimportantthatstakeholdersdonotforgetabouttraditionalMachineLearning(ML),whichstillofferssignificantlong-termvalue.In2025,wewillseeinitialinvestmentinhybridAIdeploymentsthatmergeGenAIandtraditionalAImodelstooptimizecost,performance,andprivacy.*CompoundAnnualGrowthRate(CAGR)6CircularityTechnologies&ProgramsMARKETSONTHERISEMARKETSONTHEDECLINETheEUwillrepresent40%ofnewbatterypassportsGlobalrevenueofthePLMsoftwaremarketwithsustainabilityfeatures,createdin2029complyingwithDPPregulationandvaluedatUS$575.3millionin2023andslowgrowthuntil2026,isfore-supplychaintransparencyregulations.casttoreachUS$1.01billionby2029.NewDPPsCreatedforEVBatteriesbyRegionPLMSoftwareSupplier(withSustainabilityFeatures)MarketRevenue25000002051.21.00.80.60.40.20.02000000200150000010510000001005000000500202320242025WesternEurope20262027Asia-Pacific202820292023202420252026202720282029NorthAmericaRestoftheWorldTheregulationandDigitalProductPassport(DPP)requirementsarestillbeingformalizedandcomewillintoeffectby2026/2027.Batteries&vehicles,chemicals,construction&buildings,electronics&InformationandCommunicationTechnology(ICT),furniture,plastics,andtextilesaretheprioritizedindustrygroupsbasedontheirenvironmentalimpact.Theproductionofbatteriesisaglobalissue,andregulationscannotbeconsideredinisolation,whileallElectricVehicles(EV)intheEuropeanUnion(EU)willhaveaDPPby2027.Overtheforecastperiod,by2030,morethan45%oftheEVsinNorthAmericaandAsiawillhaveregion-specificDPP’s.EVswilldemonstrateaCAGRof102%overtheforecastperiodwithsolutionprovidersdirectingtheireffortstomeetregulatorycomplianceby2027withagraceperiod.Geographically,asEUregulationsestablishblueprintsforEVsanddifferentproductgroups,NorthAmerica,Asia-Pacific,andtheRestoftheWorld(ROW)willsoonfollowwithregion-specificDPPs,assuppliersfindvalueinsharingdatatoimproveandoptimizesupplychains.Currently,Autodesk,DassaultSystèmes,PTC,andSiemensareincreasingcapabilitiesforsustainableproductdesignandcirculardesigndevelopmentthroughpartnerships,ResearchandDevelopment(R&D),andMergersandAcquisitions(M&A).TheProductLifecycleManagement(PLM)marketwithsustainabilityfeaturesiscurrentlyinthedevelopmentphasewithR&Dfundingof3%to5%ofthetotalrevenueofleadingPLMsoftwareproviders.Asthemarketmaturespost-2026regulatoryenforcement,thesustainabilityfeatureswilltransitionfromasoftwarefeatureofthePLMsoftwaretoafullyfunctionalstandalonetool.Thecurrentdriversareregulationsoncircularity,carbonemissions,anddigitalizationoffactoriestoboostproductivity.TheglobalrevenueofthePLMsoftwaremarketwithadditionalsustainabilityfeaturesisvaluedatUS$575.3millionin2023withslowgrowththrough2026and,oncematured,isforecasttoreachUS$1.01billionby2029withanadvancingCAGRof9.79%.VendorsandserviceprovidersintheEVsectorarelookingatabsorbingthecostofcreatingaDPP,whiletap-pingintothedynamicsystem-leveldatatocreatesalesopportunitiesforservicing,maintenance,andpartssale.DPPtoolsneedtobepricedintherangeofProductLifecycleManagement(PLM)/EnterpriseResourcePlanning(ERP),andbatterymanagementsoftware,whileseamlesslyextractingdynamicdatafromexistingBatteryManagementSystems(BMSs).Solutionsprovidersareexploringvariousmodels—aflatfeemodelindependentofvolumeofbatteriesproduced,oraflatfeewithanannualrecurringfeepaidbytheeconomicoperator.ThevalueofDPPswillcreatesecond-lifeusecasesofEVbatteries,andtransparencyofrefurbishment,service,andmaintenanceprocesses,aswellasanincreaseintherecoveryrateofcriticalrawmaterialsandhardwarecomponentsduringabattery’slifecycle.In2023,EuropeandAmericaarecurrentlythelargestuserbasesofPLMandComputer-AidedDesign(CAD)software,asmostoftheproductsaredesignedintheseregions.Overthenextdecade,ascirculardesigncapabilitiesmatureandexpertisecontinuestodevelopinEuropeandAmerica,theAsia-Pacificregionwillprojectamarginalincreaseinuserbaseandmarketshare,asfocuswillremainonmanufacturing.7CitizenDigitalIdentityMARKETSONTHERISEMARKETSONTHEDECLINEDTCswillplayarevolutionaryroleinpassengertrips,butmobileThenumberofU.S.MobileDriver’sLicenses(mDLs)issuedeveryyearwillpassportswillonlyaccountfor0.7%oftotalpassportsby2029increasebymorethan60million(ata52.33%CAGR).astheinfrastructureisnotreadytosupportwidespreadadoption.U.S.MOBILEDRIVER’SLICENSESISSUED(MILLIONS)PASSPORTTYPES(MILLIONS)20242025202620272028202920232.820243.020254.120265.120276.320287.4202910.0MobilePassportsPhysicalPassportsmDLsIssued8.4119.9131.7243.8356.2669.001205.61256.81295.21334.41375.31417.21460.1MobilePassports0.20.20.30.40.50.50.7PenetrationRate(%)Thetotalnumberofissuedmobiledriver’slicensesissettoincreasebyaCAGRof52.33%from2024to2029,with69millionmDLssettobeissuedby2029,withtheUnitedStatesleadingthemarketcharge.Rapiddigitaltransformationanddigitalizationofidentity,particularlyfollowingtheCOVID-19pandemic,haveproducedanever-expandingidentitymetasystem,ofwhichDigitalTravelCredentials(DTCs)areexpectedtobecomeasignificantpart.However,uptakehasbeenslow,thusfar,andisnotexpectedtosignificantlypickupuntillateinthedecadeandfrom2030onward.Anamalgamationoffactorsishamperinggrowthinthisprospectivesubsegment,includinglaggingstandardizationpertainingtotwotypesofDTCsandthestringentinteroperabilityrequirementsthatallpassportdocumentationmustadhereto.Garneringsufficientpassen-gersforpilotingandconvincinggovernmentstocollaborateonDTCtrialshaveprovendifficult,especiallyconsideringthepotentialsecurity,privacy,andusabilitychallengesposedbyDTCtechnology.mDLsareacurrentfocusforU.S.states.With233millionU.S.citizenshavingphysicaldriver’slicenses,theyare,byfar,themostusedformofidentificationinthecountry.Fourteenstateshaveeitherbegunafull-scalerolloutofmDLsorareinthepilotstagewith8.4millionAmericanshavingadigitaldriver’slicenseasof2024,makingup3%ofthetotalAmericandrivingpopula-tion.Bytheendof2025,ABIResearchestimatesthathalfofU.S.stateswillhaveeitheradoptedanmDLorstartedapilotforonewithmostofthemDLsbeingdevelopedinconjunctionwithApple.WhiletheDTCispeggedforsuccesswithinthetravelvertical,thisisstillalongwaydowntheline.Theeco-systemremainsunsettledandalthoughthetechnologyislargelyready,theinfrastructureisnotyettheretosupportit.Thisisparticularlythecaseinlessdigitallymaturestatesthatwillfaceonerousdevelopmentcostsintheshort-tomid-termperiod.8ConsumerTechnologiesMARKETSONTHERISEMARKETSONTHEDECLINESmarthomedevicesforsafety,security,andconvenienceseerobustgrowthwithaCAGRof14%from2024to2029,Despitea7%increasein2024,tabletshipmentswillreachingtotalshipmentsof500millionby2029.declineslowlythrough2029.ConsumerDeviceSales(Millions)400ConsumerDeviceSalesand5G250.030%25%20%15%10%5%200.0150.0100.050.030020010000.00%2023202420252026202720282029202320242025Tablets2026202720282029DoorLocksSmokeandAirQualitySensorsSmartBlindsSmartDoorbellsNotebooksMBBProductsTotal5G%SmartWaterSensorsSmarthomeadoptionissteadilyincreasingwithitsrateandspeedbeingdependentonmultiplefactorssuchasincreasedconnectivityinhouseholds,pricepoints,installationtype,andcustomerservice.Theincreaseinawarenessandconcernsabouthomesecurityandpublic-privateinvestmentinsmartinfrastructurearekeydriversboostingadoptionamongconsumers.Advancementsintechnologies,productinnovation,cloud-basedservices,remotemonitoring,digitalsecurity,affordability,andcustomerengagementwillacceleratetheup-takeofsmarthomesecuritydevicesandincreasehouseholdpenetrationratesovertheforecastperiod.Thesectorisledbyoutdoorsecuritycameras,doorlocks,anShipmentsfell3%and19%in2022and2023,respectively,toreach100million.Themarketsawa7%in-creasein2024.butisexpectedtodeclineslowlythereafterto2029.However,futuredemandmaybedrivenbyimprovedcellularattachrateswithmoreaggressivepricing,newformfactors(foldable/flexibledisplays),andadoptionofAIfeatures.9DigitalPaymentTechnologiesMARKETSONTHERISEMARKETSONTHEDECLINEPenetrationofbiometricpaymentcardswillaccountforQRpaymentsaresetfora16.9%CAGRinglobalvalueby2030.lessthan1%ofallpaymentcardshipments.QRPaymentsMarketValue(US$Billions)BiometricPaymentCardShipmentPenetrationRates353,7003,6003,5003,4003,3003,2003,1003,0002,90016001400120010008006004002000302520151050202320242025202620272028202920302023202420252026202720282029TotalPaymentCardShipmentsBiometricPaymentCardMarketPenetration(%)TheQRpaymentsmarketvalueisprojectedtogrowata16.9%CAGRfrom2023to2030,reachingUS$29.77billion.ThemainreasonforthisincreaseiscontinuedinterestinQRpaymentsinSoutheastAsia.Significantinvestmentsinthedevelopmentofthebiometriccardhavebeenmadeacrosstheentirevaluechain.Althoughallvendorswantthebiometricpaymentcardtosucceed,marketadoptionhasbeenex-tremelyslowandnowherenearthelevelsoriginallyexpected.CountriesinsidetheAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)haveseenamarkedincreaseintheirdigitalfootprintwiththedigitaleconomyvalueintheregionsettobenearlyworthUS$2trillionby2030,aspredictedintheASEANDigitalEconomyFrameworkAgreement(DEFA).Therehasbeenanotabletonechangeinthemarketandarealizationbyecosystemplayersthatthebiomet-ricpaymentcardwillremainanichesolution.Thishasbeenfurtherreinforcedbyastrategyshiftbysomevendorslookingtoexploreotherendverticalsoutsideofpayments,mostnotablyaccesscontrolandcryptocoldwallets.QRpaymentssolveoneofthemainbarrierstoentryformerchantsastheyprovideacost-effectivesecuredigitalpaymenttechnologyformerchantswithoutthemhavingtopurchaseexpensivehardware.Althoughthebiometricpaymentcardsmarketwillhavesomesuccess,themeasureofsuccessandexpecta-tionsneedtobereevaluated.Itisclearthatbiometricpaymentcardvolumeswillnothitbillionsofunitsandwillremainextremelyniche,accountingforamere0.009%oftotalpaymentcardshipmentsin2023,growingtoaccountfor0.067%in2029.TohelpfacilitatethisincreaseduseofQRpayments,theASEANgovernmentoverthelastdecadehasnotonlyintroducedregulationtohelpstandardizeQRpayments,butalsomakesurethesestandardsareinteroperablewiththeendgoalbeingaseamlessASEANQRpaymentlandscape.10ElectricVehiclesMARKETSONTHERISEMARKETSONTHEDECLINEPublicchargingenergydemandwillexceedprivatechargingenergydemandin2025,growingto187.5TerawattHours(TWh)by2029.Plug-inhybridswillonlyaccountfor1-in-5PEVsalesby2029.ChargingEnergyDemandbyAccessNewPEVShipmentsbyPowertrain400,000350,000300,000250,000200,000150,000100,00050,000045403530252015105020232024Public202520262027202820292023BEV202420252026202720282029PrivatePHEVHistorically,energydemandforElectricVehicle(EV)charginghasbeendominatedbyhomecharging,duetothetendencyforfirstwaveEVadopterstohaveaccesstooff-roadparkinginthekeyregionsthatinitiallyledEVadoption,suchasNorthAmericaandWesternEurope.From2025,publicchargingenergydemandissettoexceedprivatechargingenergydemandforthefirsttime;atrendthatisexpectedtocontinueinthecomingyears.Plug-inElectricVehicle(PEVs)hittheirpeakmarketshareofPEVsin2024,accountingforoverathirdofPEVsshippedthatyear.Thisisexpectedtodropinthecomingyears,eventuallydecliningtoaround1-in-5PEVsshippingin2029.Thiswillbedrivenbyanumberoffactors,mostsignificantlythereductionoroutrighteliminationofsubsidiesandotherincentives,asmostgovernmentsseektocutbackpublicexpenditureorreprioritizesubsidies/incentivestoincreaseadoptionofpureBatteryElectricVehicles(BEVs),whicharebetteralignedtooverallnet-zerogoals.Moregenerally,BEVsareapproachingpricepoints,energydensities,andrechargeratesthatnegatetheneedforaback-uporprimaryInternalCombustionEngine(ICE).Thiswillbedrivenbyanumberoffactors,includingleadershipinEVadoptioninregionsthattypicallyrelyonsharedcharginginfrastructure,suchasChina.Furthermore,thenumberofDirectCurrent(DC)fastchar-gersissettoincrease,aswellastheaveragechargingspeedoftheinstalledbaseofDCchargers.Finally,inthelongerterm,EVownershipisexpectedtoexpandintoanewwaveofsecondaryadoptersintheNorthAmericanandWesternEuropeanmarketswhodonothavethesamelevelofaccesstooff-roadchargingashistoricalusershaveenjoyed.WhilesomeOriginalEquipmentManufacturers(OEMs),againstthebackdropofstutteringBEVshipments