专题3主旨大意题和猜词题课件高三英语二轮复习

阅读理解主旨大意和词义猜测教学目标一、了解主旨大意题的命题趋势和主旨大意题的题型特点二、了解解题方法及技巧和解题步骤三、练中找方法，练中用方法主旨大意题的题型特点考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。1.

主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式1)Whatisthemainideaofparagraph1?2)Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?3)Whatisthemainideaofthetext?4)Whatisthetextmainlyabout?5)Themainideaofthepassageis…6)Thepassageismainlyabout…7)Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?2.标题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式1)Whatis/canbe/mightbethebesttitleforthetext?2)Whichofthefollowingcan/mightbethebesttitleforthetext?3)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。2)找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以：

读首句抓大意

读尾句抓大意

在中间抓大意读首尾段抓大意3.)主题句隐含在全文中

无主题句则隐含在全文中的明显高频信息词任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。二、解题方法及技巧

解答主旨要义题的主要方法是寻找主题句。寻找主题句的方法是略读法，即快速浏览首尾段、每段的首尾句，以及表达句段关系的连接性词语，特别是but,however,though(adv.然而),infact,therefore等。有时，没有体现段落或文章主旨的主题句，我们就要根据文章所述内容进行归纳和概括。寻找主题句的6个微技能：(1)表转折的词。段落中出现but,however,actually,while,infact,onthecontrary,incontrast等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正要表达的观点。(2)表总结的词。如therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等词后内容也可能是主题。(3)多次重复的词。如果一篇文章中多次出现某个词，该词往往是体现文章主旨的关键词。(4)若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。

(5)Now（如今）…暗示本文即将要讲的事很有可能与以往不同。(6)说明实验结论或调查结果的句子。如：theirstudiesshowthat…，theexperimentshowsthat…，scientists/researchershavefoundthat…或thereisevidencesuggestingthat…中that从句的内容通常就是主旨。寻找主题句的6个微技能：

核心步骤：一读(略读)二找(寻找主题句)三比较(将主题句或主要内容同各选项比较)练中找方法，练中用方法Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedstilleversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater...△Whatisthemainideaoftheparagraph1?A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.B.Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrown-ups.C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.D.Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________段落大意读首句抓大意

(浙江卷)

Homestodaycouldbebuilttolastjustaslongasthoseoldhomesifpeoplewerewillingorabletopaytheprice.Forexample,morepeoplecannolongeraffordsolidoakstairways,althoughtheywereoncefairlycommoninolderhomes...Andnotonlywouldthesecarpentersknowhowtobuildthem,theywouldprobablydoabetterjobthancarpentersofold.△Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlydiscuss?A.Peopleinthepastpreferredtouseoaktobuildstairways.B.Itisnowexpensivetoemployacarpenter.C.Modernhouseslastaslongastheoldones.D.Goodcarpentersstillexistinmoderntimes.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________读尾句抓大意TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.△Whatistheparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.本段没有表达段落大意的主题句，需要自己归纳在中间抓大意文章大意Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother...

Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________读首句抓大意

Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.

Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.B.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.C.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.D.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________读首句抓大意

文章标题

Adultsunderstandwhatifitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.

Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TakeitorLeaveitB.ALessonfromKidsC.LiveMorewithLessD.ThePleasureofGiving_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________读尾句抓大意What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.

Whatisthebesttitleforthetext? A.ConversationCounts B.WaysofMakingSmallTalk C.BenefitsofSmallTalk D.UncomfortableSilence_________________________________________________________________________________________读尾句抓大意(2018年全国Ⅰ卷·27)GoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole–showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.

Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD.CookingWellforLess读首句抓大意

HowtoDealwiththeProblemsonReadingComprehension一、主旨大意题（做题要领）1.干扰项

可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。2.干扰项

可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3.干扰项

可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案)是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。Summary:根据上下文推断单词或短语的含义阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的单词和短语，但许多这类词语的含义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断词语含义的能力，是一个合格的读者必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读理解部分经常考查的一种能力。

每年每套题通常有一个小题，有时会有两个小题，要求考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的含义。这类题的题干常含mean,replace,bestexplain或referto四个词语之一。

解答这类题时，需要考生理解划线词语所在句的意思，有时需要理解该句的前一句或后一句的意思，或前后句的意思；也有的需要理解前后一段或几段的意思.要善于根据划线词语所在句内部各分句之间，或该句与上下句或上下段之间的逻辑关系，并结合常识，进行推断。特别是转折关系(but,however,though,fortunately,sadly等)、因果关系(so,because等)或条件与结果的关系。推断单词的含义…Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalizationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex. B.Advanced.C.Powerful. D.Modern.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.△Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”intheparagraphmean?A.Tested. B.Separated.C.Forcedout. D.Trackeddown.取代,替代测试分开追查到_______________________________________________________________________IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干细胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast,inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.

Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1？A.providerB.deliverymanC.collectorD.medicaldoctor推断短语的含义Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou’llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soit’sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.△Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“apipedream”inParagraph3mean?A.Apracticalidea. B.Avainhope.C.Abrilliantplan. D.Aselfishdesire.Mycolortelevisionhasgivenmenothingbutaheadache....ThesetworkedsobeautifullywhenIfirstgotithomethatIwouldkeepitonuntilstationssignedoffforthenight.Fortunately,Ididn'tgetanychannelsshowingall-nightmoviesorIwouldneverhavegottentobed.

Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacethephrase“signedoff”inParagraph1?A.endedalltheirprogramsB.providedfewerchannelsC.changedtocommercialsD.showedall-nightmovies________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheCRF'sproduceis“green”,madewithinthecountryanddividedinto10lines,withtheAlcoholSeriesbeingthemostpopular.TheExoticSeries—withSichuanpepper,redbean(豆),cheeseandotherflavors—alsodoeswellandisfuntotaste.Andforchocolatesnobs,whothinkthattheyhaveabetterknowledgeofchocolatethanothers,theConnoisseurSeriesusescocoabeansfromTogo,Cuba,Venezuela,andGhana,amongothers.

Thewords“chocolatesnobs”inParagraph3probablyrefertopeoplewho

.A.areparticularaboutchocolateB.knowlittleaboutcocoabeansC.lookdownuponothersD.liketotrynewflavors______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.推断句子的含义

Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Themore,thebetter.B.Enoughisenough.C.Moremoney,moreworries.D.Earnmoreandspendmore.越多越好适而可止越多钱，越忧虑赚得越多，花得越多______________________________________________________________________________________________________________