管理信息系统（精要版·第14版） 课件 第7章通信、互联网和无线技术

EssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsFourteenthEditionChapter7Telecommunications,theInternet,andWirelessTechnologyCopyright©2021,2019,2017PearsonEducation,Inc.

AllRightsReservedLearningObjectives7.1

Whataretheprincipalcomponentsoftelecommunicationsnetworksandkeynetworkingtechnologies?7.2

Whatarethedifferenttypesofnetworks?7.3

HowdotheInternetandInternettechnologywork,andhowdotheysupportcommunicationande-business?7.4

Whataretheprincipaltechnologiesandstandardsforwirelessnetworking,communication,andInternetaccess?7.5

HowwillMIShelpmycareer?VideoCasesCase1:TelepresenceMovesoutoftheBoardroomandintotheField

Case2:VirtualCollaborationwithI

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MSametimeTourdeFranceWinswithWirelessTechnology(1of2)ProblemVasttopographicallychallenginglocationOpportunitiesfromnewtechnologySolutionsReviseracetrackingprocessesObtainexternaldataTrackingsensorsMobileappCloudcomputingserviceDataanalyticsSocialmediaTourdeFranceWinswithWirelessTechnology(2of2)WirelessRaceTrackingSystemDemonstratessomeofthepowerfulcapabilitiesandopportunitiesprovidedbycontemporarynetworkingtechnologyIllustratestheabilityofITsystemstoenhanceservicestocustomersaswellasparticipantsNetworkingandCommunicationTrendsConvergenceTelephonenetworksandcomputernetworksconvergingintosingledigitalnetworkusingInternetstandardsBroadbandThemajorityofU.S.householdsnowhavebroadbandaccessBroadbandwirelessVoiceanddatacommunicationsnowexclusivelyusebroadbandcableandwirelessplatformsWhatIsaComputerNetwork?TwoormoreconnectedcomputersMajorcomponentsinsimplenetworkClientandservercomputersNetworkinterfaces(NICs)ConnectionmediumNetworkoperatingsystem(NOS)Hubs,switches,routersSoftware-definednetworking(SDN)FunctionsofswitchesandroutersmanagedbycentralprogramFigure7.1ComponentsofaSimpleComputerNetworkNetworksinLargeCompaniesHundredsoflocalareanetworks(LANs)linkedtofirm-widecorporatenetworkVariouspowerfulserversWebsite,corporateintranet,extranetBackendsystemsMobilewirelessLANs(Wi-Finetworks)VideoconferencingsystemTelephonenetwork,wirelesscellphonesFigure7.2CorporateNetworkInfrastructureKeyDigitalNetworkingTechnologies(1of3)Client/servercomputingDistributedcomputingmodelClientslinkedthroughnetworkcontrolledbynetworkservercomputerServersetsrulesofcommunicationfornetworkandprovideseveryclientwithanaddresssootherscanfinditonthenetworkHaslargelyreplacedcentralizedmainframecomputingTheInternet:largestimplementationofclient/servercomputingKeyDigitalNetworkingTechnologies(2of3)PacketswitchingMethodofslicingdigitalmessagesintoparcels(packets),sendingpacketsalongdifferentcommunicationpathsastheybecomeavailable,andthenreassemblingpacketsatdestinationPreviouscircuit-switchednetworksrequiredassemblyofcompletepoint-to-pointcircuitPacketswitchingmoreefficientuseofnetwork’scommunicationscapacityFigure7.3Packet-SwitchedNetworksandPacketCommunicationsKeyDigitalNetworkingTechnologies(3of3)TCP/IPandconnectivityProtocols:rulesthatgoverntransmissionofinformationbetweentwopointsTransmissionControlProtocol/InternetProtocol(TCP

/IP)CommonworldwidestandardthatisbasisfortheInternetDepartmentofDefensereferencemodelforTCP

/IPFourlayersApplicationlayerTransportlayerInternetlayerNetworkinterfacelayerFigure7.4TheTransmissionControlProtocol/InternetProtocol(TCP/IP)ReferenceModelTypesofNetworksSignals:DigitalversusanalogModem:translatesdigitalsignalsintoanalogform(andviceversa)TypesofnetworksLocalareanetworks(LANs)EthernetClient/servervs.peer-to-peerWideareanetworks(WANs)Metropolitanareanetworks(MANs)Campusareanetworks(CANs)Figure7.5FunctionsoftheModemTransmissionMediaandTransmissionSpeedPhysicaltransmissionmediaTwistedpairwire(CAT5)CoaxialcableFiberopticscableWirelesstransmissionmediaanddevicesSatellitesCellularsystemsTransmissionspeedBitspersecond(bps)HertzBandwidthWhatIstheInternet?TheInternetWorld’smostextensivenetworkInternetserviceproviders(ISPs)ProvideconnectionsTypesofInternetconnectionsDial-up:56.6KbpsDigitalsubscriberline(DSL/FIOS):385Kbps–40MbpsCableInternetconnections:1–50MbpsSatelliteT1/T3lines:1.54–45MbpsInternetAddressingandArchitectureEachdeviceonInternetassignedInternetProtocol(IP)address32-bitnumber,e.g.19TheDomainNameSystem(DNS)ConvertsIPaddressestodomainnamesHierarchicalstructureTop-leveldomainsFigure7.6TheDomainNameSystemInternetArchitectureandGovernanceNetworkserviceprovidersOwntrunklines(high-speedbackbonenetworks)RegionaltelephoneandcableTVcompaniesProvideregionalandlocalaccessProfessionalorganizationsandgovernmentbodiesestablishInternetstandardsIABICANNW3CFigure7.7InternetNetworkArchitectureTheFutureInternet:IPv6andInternet2IPv6NewaddressingschemeforIPnumbersWillprovidemorethanaquadrillionnewaddressesNotcompatiblewithcurrentIPv5addressingInternet2AdvancednetworkingconsortiumUniversities,businesses,governmentagencies,otherinstitutionsDevelopedhigh-capacity100GbpstestingnetworkTestingleading-edgenewtechnologiesforInternetInternetServicesandCommunicationTools(1of2)InternetservicesEmailChattingandinstantmessagingNewsgroupsTelnetFileTransferProtocol(FTP)WorldWideWebVoiceoverIP(VoIP)DigitalvoicecommunicationusingIP,packetswitchingFigure7.8Client/ServerComputingontheInternetInternetServicesandCommunicationTools(2of2)UnifiedcommunicationsCommunicationssystemsthatintegratevoice,data,email,conferencingVirtualprivatenetwork(VPN)Secure,encrypted,privatenetworkrunoverInternetPPTPTunnelingFigure7.9HowVoiceoverI

PWorksInteractiveSession–Management:MonitoringEmployeesonNetworks:UnethicalorGoodBusiness?ClassdiscussionShouldmanagersmonitoremployeeemailandInternetusage?Whyorwhynot?Describeaneffectiveemailandweb-usepolicyforacompany.Shouldmanagersinformemployeesthattheirwebbehaviorisbeingmonitored?Orshouldmanagersmonitorsecretly?Whyorwhynot?Figure7.10AVirtualPrivateNetworkUsingtheInternetTheWebHypertextHypertextMarkupLanguage(HTML)HypertextTransferProtocol(HTTP):Uniformresourcelocatorexample(URL):/content/features/082602.htmlWebserversSoftwareforlocatingandmanagingwebpagesSearchingforInformationontheWebMobilesearchSemanticsearchSocialsearchVisualsearchIntelligentagentshoppingbotsSearchenginemarketingSearchengineoptimization(SEO)Figure7.11TopDesktop/LaptopWebSearchEnginesWorldwideFigure7.12HowGoogleWorksSharingInformationontheWebBlogsRSSWikisSocialnetworkingTheFutureWebMoretoolstomakesenseoftrillionsofpagesontheInternetPervasivewebInternetofThings(IoT)InternetofPeopleAppInternetIncreasedcloudcomputingandSaaSUbiquitousmobileconnectivityGreaterseamlessnessofwebasawholeInteractiveSession–Technology:

TheInternetofThingsAidsWasteManagementClassDiscussionIdentifytheproblemdescribedinthiscasestudy.Isitapeopleproblem,anorganizationalproblem,oratechnologyproblem?Explainyouranswer.WhatrolehasinformationtechnologyandtheIoTplayedinhelpingcitiesdealwiththeirwastemanagementproblems?DescribetheITapplicationsthatarebeingusedforthispurpose.HowsuccessfularetheseITapplicationsasasolution?Explainyouranswer.CellularSystems(1of2)CompetingstandardsCDMA:UnitedStatesonlyGSM

:Restofworld,AT&T,T-MobileThird-generation(3G)networks144kbpsSuitableforemailaccess,webbrowsingCellularSystems(2of2)Fourth-generation(4G)networksUpto100MbpsSuitableforemailaccess,webbrowsing,InternetvideoLTEandWiMax5GnetworksGigabitcapacityCurrentlyunderdevelopmentandfieldtestingWirelessComputerNetworksandInternetAccess(1of2)Bluetooth(802.15)Linksupto8devicesina10-mareausinglow-power,radio-basedcommunicationUsefulforpersonalnetworking(PANs)sWi-Fi(802.11)Setofstandards:802.11UsedforwirelessLANandwirelessInternetaccessUseaccesspoints:devicewithradioreceiver/transmitterforconnectingwirelessdevicestoawiredLANWirelessComputerNetworksandInternetAccess(2of2)Wi-Fi(802.11)continuedHotspots:oneormoreaccesspointsinpublicplacetoprovidemaximumwirelesscoverageforaspecificareaWeaksecurityfeaturesWiMax(802.16)Wirelessaccessrangeof31milesRequireWiMaxantennasFigure7.13ABluetoothNetwork(PAN)Figure7.14An802.11WirelessLANRadioFrequencyIdentification

(R

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D)UsetinytagswithmicrochipscontainingdataaboutanitemandlocationTagantennastotransmitradiosignalsovershortdistancestospecialRFIDreadersCommonuses:Automatedtoll-collectionTrackinggoodsinasupplychainReductionincostoftagsmakingRFIDviableformanyfirmsFigure7.15HowR

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DWorksWirelessSensorNetworks(WSNs)NetworksofhundredsorthousandsofinterconnectedwirelessdevicesUsedtomonitorbuildingsecurity,detecthazardoussubstancesinair,monitorenvironmentalchanges,traffic,or