大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷7（共220题）

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷7（共9套）

（共220题）

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷第1套

一、仔细阅读（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

HealthwuikciswhoarcHIVpositivearcbannedfrompcifbrmiiigmustsuigciyuidental

treatmentincasetheycutthemselveswiththeirinstrumentsandinfectpatientswiththeir

blood.Theycanonlyperformday-to-daytasks,includinggivinginjections,whichare

consideredlowrisk.ButtheDepartmentofHealthwantstoliftthebanbecauseitsays

thechanceofahealthworkerinfectingapatientis*'negligible".Ithasundertaken

researchsuggestingtheriskofapatientcatchingHIVfromtheirdoctor,dentistor

surgeonislessthanoneinfivemillion,similartothatofbeingkilledbylightning.

Officialssaytheriskcanbefurtherreducedbyensuringanyinfectedmemberofstaff

takesmedicationtoreducetheirviruscount,whichmeansitcannoteasilybepassedon.

Thereare110frontlineworkersintheNationalHealthServicewithHIVwhowouldbe

affectedbytherulechange.Since2006allmembersofstaffwhodealwithpatientshave

hadtoundergocompulsorybloodteststocheckwhethertheyhavethevirus.The

GovernmentsaystherehavesofarbeennorecordedcasesofpatientsinBritaincatching

HTVfromahealthcareworker,althoughithashappenedabroad.TheDepartmentof

Healthlaunchedaconsultationyesterdayonitsproposalstoliftthebanandinthenext

fewweekswillgatherfeedbackfromorganizationsandthepublic.Officialsareexpected

tomakeafinaldecisionnextyear.TheypointoutthatrulesinBritainarefarstricter

comparedwithelsewhereintheworld.InAustria,Belgium,Canada,FranceandSweden,

forexample,itisuptoindividualemployerssuchashospitalstodecidewhetheraworker

canperformsurgeryorothertasks.Undertheproposals,HIV-infectedhealthworkers

wouldhavetobegiven"combinationanliretroviral（抗逆转录病毒的）drugtherapy"to

reducetheviruscountsoitcouldnotbetransmitted.Theywouldalsohavetoundergo

teststochecktheviruscountwaslowbeforetheycouldperformsurgeryandother

procedures.DeborahJack,chiefexecutiveoftheNationalAidsTrust,said,"These

recommendedrulechangesforhealthcareworkerswithHIVarelongoverdue.Sadly,the

UKhaslaggedbehindothercountriesinaddressingthisissue."

1、WhyarehealthworkerswithHIVbannedfromperformingcertainmedicaltasks?

A^Becausetheymayinfectpatientsbyaccident.

B、Becausetheyaretooweaktooperateonthepaticnis.

C、Becausetheyarenotcapableofdoingtheirjobswell.

D、Becausetheyarelikelytogetinfectedwithotherviruses.

标准答案：A-

知识点解析：细节辨认题。定位句表明，禁止艾滋病病毒呈阳性的医护人员从事大

部分外科手术或牙科治疗工作的原因是防止他们被仪器割伤出血，从而把病毒传染

给病人。由此可知，携带艾滋病病毒的医护人员被禁止开展某些医疗任务是因为他

们有可能意外地传染病人，故选A。

2、Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"...similartothatofbeingkilledbylightning',

(Para.1)?

A、ThenumberofpatientsinfectedwithHIVisrelativelysmall.

B、BothHIVandlightninghavealreadytakenaheavytoll.

C^PeoplewhoareinfectedwithHIVaredoomedtodie.

D、PatientshaveaverylowriskofcatchingHIVfromdoctors.

标准答案：D

知识点解析；推理判断题。定位句指出，相关研究表明医生、牙医或外科医生将艾

滋病病毒传染给病人的风险不到500万分之一，作者把这一概率与闪电击人致死的

概率作了类比，以此来说明病人从医生那里感染艾滋病病毒的风险非常低，故选

Do

3、WhatcanwelearnabouttherulesoflimitinghealthworkerswithHIVinAustria?

A、Theyaregenerallyacceptedbyindividualemployers.

B、TheyeffectivelypreventpatientsfromcatchingHIV.

C、TheyarenotasstrictasthoseinBritain.

D^Theymakemorehealthworkersoutofwork.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。定位句表明，英国对携带艾滋病病毒的医护工作者的限

制规定比世界其他地方要严格得多。接着作者以奥地利等国家为例对此观点进行论

证，指出其他国家一般是由个体雇主来决定医护人员的工作。由此推断，奥地利对

携带艾滋病病毒的医护工作者的限制规定没有英国那么严格，因此C为正确答

案。

4、WhatwouldHIV-infectcdhealthworkershavetodoundertheproposals?

A、Theyhavetobeverycarefulwhenperformingsurgery.

B、Theyneedtoundergoteststoensurethelowviruscount.

C、Theycanonlyperformlow-riskdutieslikegivinginjections.

D、TheymustreportthecasesofHIVinfectionasquicklyaspossible.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节辨认题。定位句介绍了英国卫生部关于取消禁令的建议，要求感

染艾滋病病毒的医护工作者接受治疗，以确保病毒数量很低。由此可知，B符合文

意。

5、RegardingtherecommendedrulechangesinBritain,DeborahJackthinks.

A、theyarenotnecessaryastheycomelate

B、theyshouldhavebeenmadelongbefore

C、Britainneedstolearnfromothercountries

D、Britaincanhardlycatchupwithothercountries

标准答案：B

知识点解析：观点态度题。定位句中，黛博拉・杰克提到，这些为感染艾滋病病毒

的医护人员提出的变更规定的建议可谓姗姗来迟。令人遗憾的是，在应对这一问题

方面，英国已经落后于其他国家。由此可见，关于卫生部提出的规定的变化，黛博

拉・杰克的看法是这些变更很久以前就应该被提出，因此B为正确答案。

Fvebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedme

toonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.

Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedto

employbothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuch

wcmightliketothinkso.Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesingle

greatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarclisteningtothat5thgrade

Englishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(稍纵即

逝的)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareit

withtheworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirst

andthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.Thepractice

thatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbow-

calls"freewiiting.1'Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,

usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistoget

thewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomeoutfromtheshadows

andletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.Nowyouhaveraw

materialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou'vepersuadedto

sitonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemore

timethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepageasthe

deadlinedrawsnear.Insteadofstaringatablankscreenstartfillingitwithwordsno

matterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouravailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwriting

intosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftime

andthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.

6、Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind"cannotworkin

parallel"(Lincs3~4,Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans.

A、noonecanbebothcreativeandcritical

B、theycannotberegardedasequallyimportant

C、theyareinconstantconflictwitheachother

D、onecannotusethematthesametime

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

7^Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis.

A、puttingtheirideasinrawform

B、attemptingtoeditastheywrite

C、ignoringgrammaticalsoundness

D、tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststageofwriting?

A、Toorganizeone'sthoughtslogically.

Tochooseanappropriatetopic.

C、Togetone'sideasdown.

D、Tocollectrawmaterials.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、Onecommonconcernofwritersabout"freewriting"isthat.

A、itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemind

B、ittakestoomuchtimetoeditafterwards

C^itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticism

D、itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

10^Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess?

A、Itrefineshis/herwritingintobettershape.

Ilhelpshim/hertocomeupwithnewideas.

C^Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim/her.

D、Itallowshim/hertositonthesideandobserve.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

ReachingnewpeaksofpopularityinNorthAmericaisIcebergWater,whichisharvested

fromicebergsoffthecoastofNewfoundland,Canada.ArthurvonWiesenberger,who

carriesthetitleWaterMaster,isoneofthefewwatercriticsinNorthAmerica.Asaboy,

hespenttimeinthelargercitiesofItaly,FranceandSv/itzerland,wherebottledwateris

consumeddaily.Eventhen,hekeptawaterjournal,notingthebrandshelikedbest."My

dogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater,"hesays.Butisplaintap

waterallthatbad?Notatall.Infact,NewYork'smunicipalwaterformorethana

centurywascalledthechampagneoftapwateranduntilrecentlyconsideredamongthe

bestintheworldintermsofbothtasteandpurity.Similarly,amagazineinEngland

foundthattapwaterfromtheThamesRivertastedbetterthanseveralleadingbrandsof

bottledwaterthatwere400timesmoreexpensive.Nevertheless,soft-drinkcompanies

viewbottledwaterasthenextbattle-groundformarketshare—thisdespitethefactthat

over25percentofbottledwatercomesfromtapwater:PepsiCo'sAquafinaandCoca-

Cola'sDasaniarebothpurifiedtapwaterratherthanspringwater.Asdinersthirstfor

leadingbrands,bottlersandrestaurateurssalivate(垂涎)overtheprofits.Arestaurant's

typicalmark-uponwineis100to150percent,whereasonbottledwaterit'soften300to

500percent.Butsincewaterismuchcheaperthanwine,andmanyofthefancierbrands

aren'tavailableinstores,mostdinersdon'tnoticeorcare.Asaresult,somerestaurants

areturningupthepressuretosellbottledwaler.AccordingtoanarticleinTheWall

StreetJournal,someofthemoreshamelesstacticsincludeplacingattractivebottleson

thetableforavisualsell,listingbrandsonthemenuwithoutprices,andpouringbottled

waterwithoutevenaskingthedinersiftheywantit.Regardlessofhowit'ssold,the

popularityofbottledwatertapsintoourdesireforbetterhealth,ourwishtoappear

cultivated,andevenalongingforlostpurity.

11、WhatdoweknowaboutIcebergWaterfromthepassage?

A、Itisakindoficedwater.

B、Itisjustplaintapwater.

C、Itisakindofbottledwater.

D、Itisakindofmineralwafer.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、Bysaying"Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater"(Lincs

3~4,Para.2),vonWiesenbergerwantstoconveythemessagethat.

A、plaintapwateriscertainlyunfitfordrinking

B、bottledwaterisclearlysuperiortotapwater

C、bottledwateroftenappealsmoretodogs'taste

D、dogscanusuallydetectafinedifferenceintaste

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、The"fancierbrands"(Line3,Para.5)refersto.

A、tapwaterfromtheThamesRiver

B、famouswinesnotsoldinordinarystores

C、PepsiCo'sAquafinaandCoca-Cola'sDasani

D、expensivebottledwaterwithimpressivenames

标准答案：D

知识点解析；暂无解析

14^Whyaresomerestaurantsturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater?

A、Bottledwaterbringsinhugeprofits.

Competitionfromthewineindustryisintense.

C>Mostdinersfindbottledwateraffordable.

D、Bottledwatersatisfiesdiners'desiretobefashionable.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、Accordingtothepassage,whyisbottledwatersopopular?

A、Itismuchcheaperthanwine.

B、Itisconsideredhealthier.

C、Ilappealstomorecultivatedpeople.

D、Itismorewidelypromotedinthemarket.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

Volumeshavebeenwrittenabouttechnology'sabilitytoconnectpeople.Butburying

one'snoseinabookhasalwaysbeensomewhatisolating—withitsunspokenassertion

thatthereaderdoesnotwanttobedisturbed.Sowhataboutadevicethatoccupiesthe

evolvingintersection（交集）between?"Strangersconstantlyaskaboutit,"Michael

Hughes,acommunicationsassociateatJohnsHopkinsBloombergSchoolofPublic

HealthinBaltimore,saidofhisiPad,whichheusestoreadamixofnovelsand

nonfiction.nIt'salmostlikehavinganewbaby."AniPadownerforfourmonths,Mr.

Hughessaidpeopleweremuchmorelikelytoapproachhimnowthanwhenhetoted（携

带）abook."Peopleapproachmeandasktoseeit,totouchit,howmuchIlikeit,"he

said."Thatrarelyhappenswithdead-treebooks."Withthepriceofe-readerscoming

down,salesofthesmalldevicesarerising.Lastmonth.Amazonreportedthatsofarthis

year,Kindlesaleshadtripledoverlastyear's.WhenAmazoncutKindle'spriceinJuneto

$189from$259,overthenextmonthAmazonsold180e-booksforevery100

hardcovers.Socialmannerssurroundingtheactofreadingaloneinpublicmaybe

changingalongwithincreasedpopularity.Suddenly,thelone,unapproachablereaderat

thecornertableseemslessalone.Giventhatsomee-readerscandisplaybookswhile

connectingonline,there'sachancetheformerbookwormisalreadypluggedintoa

conversationsomewhere,saidPaulLevinson,professorofconimunicationandmedia

studiesatFordhamUniversity.think,historically,therehasbeenastigma（耻辱）

attachedtothebookworm,andthatactuallycamefromthenot-untruenotionthat,ifyou

werereading,youweren'tsocializingwithotherpeople,"Dr.Levinsonsaid."Butthee-

rcadcrchangesthatalsobecausec-rcadcrsarcconnectedtobiggersystems."Formany,c-

readersaretoday'smust-haveaccessory,eatingintooldnotionsofwhatbeingbookish

mighthavemeant."Buyingliteraturehasbecomecoolagain/'hesaid.

16>Whydoestheauthorsaythatreadersaresomewhatisolated?

A、Theyimplythattheydon'twanttobedisturbed.

B、Theyburytheirnosesinthebooks.

C>Theyarelonelypeopleinnature.

D、Theydon'tconnectwithothers.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节辨认题。由定位句可知，之所以说那些埋头读书的人有些孤僻，

主要是因为他们给人们，专递出一种无言的声明，即他们不想被打扰，故正确答案为

Ao

17、WhatcanweconcludefromMichaelHughes'words?

A、Strangersarecuriousabouthim.

B、Hehasjusthadanewbaby.

C、HeneveruseshisiPadtoread.

D、PeoplecometohimtoaskabouthisiPad.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节辨认题。由定位句可知，据迈克尔・休斯称，人们接近他主要是

想看看或摸摸他的iPad以及询问他本人对它的喜爱程度，故正确答案为Do

18、Whatisnewaboutthec-rcadersfortheformerbookworm?

A、Theycanbereadalonebyreadersinpublic.

Theyareownedbyloneandunapproachablereaders.

C、Theycanbeusedtolaunchaconversationwhiledisplayingbooks.

D、Theytendtotalkaboutthebackgroundinformationwhiledisplayingbooks.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。由定位句可推知，由于电子书阅读器可以联网，因此以

前的书虫便可以自由地和他人发起对话，对他们来说，这是最新鲜的地方，故C

为正确答案。

19、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsc-readers?

A、Positive.

B、Negative.

C、Indifferent.

D、Biased.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：观点态度题。由整篇文章的内容可以看到，作者通篇都在讲电子书阅

读器使阅读者可以随时与人交流，不再像以前那样给人一种比较孤独和排他的感

觉，由字里行间可推断，作者对此应持肯定态度，故A为正确答案。

20、Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A、E-readersarebeginningtorevive.

B、E-readersbecomelessexpensive.

C、Bookwormsdonotexistanymore.

D、E-readersmakereaderslessisolated.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：主旨大意题。由整篇文章的内容可以看出，作者通篇表达的主题就是

电子书阅读器的流行使阅读者不再那么孤独、不合群，故D为正确答案。

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷第2套

一、仔细阅读（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共30分。）

Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.

Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntil

youloveyourself.Eitherway,you'vegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.

Sureweallknowthatweretheappleofourparents'eyes,andthatourGrandmasthink

wearegreattalentsandouruncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympics,but

sometimesit'salothardertothinksuchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.Ifyoufindthat

believinginyourselfisachallenge,itistimeyoubuildapositiveself-imageandlearnto

loveyourself.Self-imageisyourownmind'spictureofyourself.Thisimageincludesthe

wayyoulook,thewayyouact,thewayyoutalkandthewayyouthink.Interestingly,our

self-imagesareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimagesothersholdaboutus.Unfortunately,

mostoftheseimagesarcmorenegativethantheyshouldbe,thuschangingthewayyou

thinkaboutyourselfisthekeytochangingyourself-imageandyourwholeworld.The

bestwaytodefeatapassiveself-imageistostepbackanddecidetostressyour

successes.Thalis,makealistifyouneedto,butwritedownallofthegreatthingsyoudo

everyday.Don'tallowdoubtstooccurinit.Itverywellmightbethatyouare

experiencinganegativeself-imagebecauseyoucan'tmovepastoneflaworweakness

thatyouseeaboutyourself.Well,rollupyoursleevesandmakeachangeofitasyour

primarytask.Ifyouthinkyouarcsillybecauseyouaren'tgoodatmath,findatutor.If

youthinkyouareweakbecauseyoucan'trunamile,gettothetrackandpractice.Ifyou

thinkyouaredullbecauseyoudon'twearthelatesttrends,buyafewnewclothes.The

bestwaytogetridofanegativeself-imageistorealizethatyourimageisfarfrom

objectiveandtoactivelyconvinceyourselfofyourpositivequalities.Changingtheway

youthinkandworkingonthoseyouneedtoimprovewillgoalongwaytowards

promotingapositiveself-image.Whenyoucanpatyourselfontheback,you'llknow

you'rewellonyourway.

1、Youneedtobuildapositiveself-imagewhenyou

A^daretochallengeyourself

B、feelithardtochangeyourself

C^areunconfidentaboutyourself

D^haveahighopinionofyourself

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。根据题「•关键词buildaposiliveself-image定位至第一段最

后——句Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge,itistimeyoubuilda

positiveself-imageandlearntoloveyourself［如果你发现相信自己（很优秀）是一个

挑战，那么是时候树立一个积极的自我形象，学会爱自己了］,C项“对自己没有信

心”是对该句中believinginyourselfisachallenge的司义替换。故本题选C。

2、Accordingtothepassage,ourself-images

A^havepositiveeffects

B、areprobablyuntrue

C、areoftenchangeable

D、havedifferentfunctions

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词oursefimages定位至第二段第三、四句

Interestingly,ourself-imagesareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimagesothersholdabout

us.Unfortunately,mostoftheseimagesaremorenegativethantheyshouldbe（有趣的

是，我们的自我形象往往与其他人对我们的印象大相径庭。不幸的是，大部分人的

自我感觉比实际的自身形象更加负面），由此可知，自我形象可能并不客观、真

实，B项“可能不真实”是对原文的同义替换。故本题选B。

3、Howshouldyouchangeyourself-imageaccordingtothepassage?

A、Keepadifferentimageofothers.

B、Makeyourlifesuccessful.

C、Understandyourownworld.

D、Changethewayyouthink.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题卜关键词changeyourself-image定位至第二段最后一

句thuschangingthewayyouthinkaboutyourselfisthekeytochangingyourself-image

andyourwholeworld（因此，改变你对自己的看法是改变你的自我形象和整个世界

的关键），由此可知，D项“改变你的思维方式”是对原文的同义替换。故本题选

Do

4、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A、Howtoprepareforyoursuccess.

R、Howtofacechallengesinyourlife.

C、Howtobuildapositiveself-image.

D、Howtodevelopyourgoodqualities.

标准答案：C-

知识点解析：主旨题。纵观全文，第一段讲述了爱自己的重要性以及爱自己很难实

现，因此我们应当建立积极的自我形象。第一.段阐释了自我形象的定义以及改变自

我形象的关键是改变对自己的看法。最后三段讲述了如何战胜消极的自我形象的方

法。因此，这篇文章主要讲述了如何建立积极的自我形象以及战胜消极的自我形

象，C项“如何建立积极的自我形象”是对全文的概括总结。故本题选C。

5、Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage?

A、Parents.

B、Adolescents.

C、Educators.

D、Peopleingeneral.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推断题。文章的第一段提到父母、爷爷奶奶以及叔叔对你的期望，结

合文中倒数第二段提出请家教补习数学的事情，可判断作者所针对的读者是青少

年，B项“青少年”是对原文的适度推断。故本题选B。

Everyoneknowsthatlazinessisnotgood.Wehaveprobablyallhadlecturestellingthat

lazinessisimmoral,thatitiswasteful,andthatlazypeoplewillnevergainanythingin

life.Butlazinesscanbemoreharmfulthanthat,anditisoftencausedbymorecomplex

reasons.Somepeoplewhoappeartobelazyaresufferingfrommuchmoreserious

problems.Theymaynottrusttheirfellowworkersandtheyarcunabletojoininany

grouptaskforfearofbeinglaughedatorforfearofhavingtheirideasstolen.These

peoplewhoseemlazymaybeaffectedbyafearoffailurethatpreventssuccessfulwork.

Somepeoplearesobusyplanninggreatdealsthattheyareunabletodealwith"easier"

workonhand.Stillothersarenotavoidingwork;strictlyspeaking,theyaresimply

puttingofftheirwork.Laziness,however,canactuallybehelpful.Somepeoplemaylook

lazywhiletheyarereallythinking,planningandresearching.Weshouldallremember

thatgreatscientificdiscoverieshappenedbychance.Newtonwasn'tworkingonthefarm

whentheapplehithimandhedevisedthetheoryofgravity.Allofuswouldliketohave

someone"lazy"buildthecarwebuy,particularlyifthat"laziness"werecausedbythe

worker'stakingtimetocheckeachstepofhisworkandtodohisjobright.And

sometimes,being"lazy11—thatis,takingtimeoffforarest—isgoodfortheoverworked

studentsorexecutives.Takingarestcanbeparticularlyhelpfultothesportsmanwhois

tryingtoohardorthedoctorwhoissimplyworkinghimselfovertimetoomanyevenings

inthehospital.Sobecarefulwhenyouwanttocallsomeonelazy.Thatpersonmaybe

thinking,resting,orplanninghisorhernextwork.

6、Themainideaofthispassageisthat.

A、lazinessisabadhabitthateveryonewantstogetridof

BNtherearcadvantagesanddisadvantagesinbeinglazy

C、lazinessisthesignofveryseriousemotionalproblems

D^lazypeopleusuallydotheirworkmorecarefully

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨题。文章首段介绍了人们对懒惰的普遍看法，并列举了懒惰的一

些原因及其带来的危害；然后作者提出了一些不同观点，举出一些看似懒惰实则不

然的例子。通篇围绕懒惰的优缺点进行描述，因此B项“懒惰既有优点也有缺点”

是对全文的概括总结。故本题选B。

7、Whichofthefollowingstatementsismentionedinthepassage?

A、Lazinessisakindofmentaldisease.

B、Lazinessismorebeneficialthanharmful.

C>Lazinesscannotbeexplained.

D、Lazinessissometimesduetoafearoffailure.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。由第一段倒数第三句Thesepeoplewhoseemlazymaybe

affectedbyafearoffailurethatpreventssuccessfulwork（这些看起来懒惰的人可能会

受到对失败的恐惧的影响，这种恐惧阻碍了工作上的成功）可知，D项“懒惰有时

候是由害怕失败引起的”是对原文的同义替换。故本题选D。”……通常是由更复杂

的原因引起的“不符。

8、Whichofthefollowingideasdoesthepassagesupport?

A、Mostofthetimelazinessisagoodquality.

B、Mostassemblyworkersarelazy.

C、Theword"laziness"issometimesmisused.

D、Mostoverworkedpeoplearelazy.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推断题。由作者贯穿全文的态度以及最后两句Sobecarefulwhenyou

wanttocallsomeonelazy.Thatpersonmaybethinking,resting,orplanninghisorher

nextwork（所以当你想说某人懒惰的时候要慎重。那个人可能在思考、休息，或

者在计划他或她的下一顶工作）可知，C项《懒惰”一词有时被误用”是对原文的适

度推断。故本题选C。

9、Theauthor'sattitudetowardslazinessis.

A、objective

B、subjective

C、critical

D、humorous

标准答案：A

知识点解析：态度题。通读全文可发现，第一段介绍了人们对懒惰的普遍看法，并

列举了懒惰的一些原因及其带来的危害；第二段作者指出懒惰实际上是有帮助的，

并举例进行说明。作者对懒惰进行了正、反两面的说明，相对来说是比较客观的，

因此A项“客观的”是对全文的概括总结。故本题选A。

10、Asisusedinthispassage,theword"devised"（inParagraph2）probably

means.

A^understood

B>wrote

C、discovered

D^proved

标准答案：C

知识点解析：含义题。根据题干关键词"devised”和inParagraph2定位至第二段第

四句Newtonwasn'tworkingonthefarmwhentheapplehithimandhedevisedthe

theoryofgravity（当牛顿被苹果砸到的时候，他并没行在农场工作，但是他万仃引

力理论），结合文意和常识可知，牛顿最先发现了力有引力，所以devised意为“发

现，找到“，与C项“发现”意思相近。故本题选C。

Thenumberof10-ycar-oldscautionedorconvictedofcrimesinEnglandandWaleshas

fallensteeply,from710in2010to47lastyear.Thismarksasignificantimprovementin

theapproachtoyoungpeopletakenbythepoliceandcriminaljusticesystem.Since

evidenceoverwhelminglyshowsthatcontactwithpolice,courtsandprisonsisharmfulto

children,findingotherwaystodealwiththemispreferable.Butpraiseforthisdramatic

changemustbetemperedbyanawarenessofthewaysinwhichthesystemhasgot

worse.Guardian'sinvestigationofyouthcourtshashighlightedtheimpactofcourt

closures,includingwhollyunacceptabledelaysthatleavechildrenanuncertainfuture.

Meanwhile,theyouthreoffendingratehasalsorisen.Againstthisbackdrop,combined

withcontinuedandseriousdysfunctionintheyouthprisonsector,raisingtheageof

criminalresponsibilitymightnotappeartobethemosturgentpriority.Butalongwith

measurestolimitinstitutionaldelays,increasingtheageatwhichchildrencanbearrested

andchargedwithacrimefrom10to14——perhapsintwostages,asrecommendedbythe

children'scommissionertorEngland,AnneLongtield—isoneofthemostimportant

stepsthatshouldnowbetaken.With12regardedasthelowestacceptableagebytheUN

andotherinternationalbodies,and10thelowestageinanyEUcountry,theUK's

criminalisationofprimary-school-agedchildrenisanationaldisgrace.Suchamove

wouldofcourserequireameasureofpoliticalcourage.Butthepublicaswellas

professionalshavemovedonwhilethelawhasnot.Theageofcriminalresponsibility

hasbeen10inEngland,WalesandNorthernIrelandsincethe1960s.Afteranawful

youthcrime,thelawwastoughenedin1998toremovetheprincipleofdoliincapax,

whichrequiredprosecutorstoprovethatchildrenunder14understoodthedifference

betweenwhatwaswrongandwhatwasnaughty.Morethan20yearson,childrenshould

notbesufferingthesocietalconsequencesofacrimethattookplacebeforetheywere

born.Allpartiesshouldnowcommittolegislationthattakesaccountofcontemporary

knowledgebothoftheimpactofadverseearlyexperiencesonchildren,andthescience

oftheirdevelopingbrains.Thatchildrenwhomthelawforbidsfrombuyingapctora

lotteryticketaretreatedascriminallyresponsibleisaninsultnotjusttothem,buttous

all.

11、Theimprovedapproachtotheyoung.

A、helpsshieldthemfromcontactwithpoliceandcourts

offersasecondchancetothoserecklesschildren

C、isconducivetopsychologicalhealthofchildren

D、avoidschildren'sexposuretocriminalcases

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词Theimprovedapproach可定位至第一段第

二句，该句句首为代词This,需倒推至上一句确定其所指代的对象。第一句提及

Thenumberof10-year-oldscautionedorconvictedofcrimesinEnglandandWaleshas

fallensteeply,from710in2010to47lastyear（在英格兰和威尔士，10岁儿童被警

告或定罪的人数大幅下降，2010年为710人，去年降至47人），由此可知，警察

和刑事司法系统对待年轻人方式的改善使他们远离警方和法院，A项“帮助他们远

离警方和法院”是对第一段第一句的适度推断。故本题选A。

12、Guardian'sinvestigationofyouthcourtsismentionedtoillustrate

A、thedisadvantagesofcourtclosures

B、thediscriminationagainstchildren

C、thedeterioratingcriminaljusticesystem

D、theever-increasingreoffendingrates

标准答案：C

知识点解析：例证题。限据题干关键词Guardian'sinvestigationofyouthcourts可定

位至第二段第二句，该句为论据，解答例证题通常需要在前一句寻找论点，故进一

步定位到第一句。C项“刑事司法系统的恶化”是对第一句中thesystemhasgot

worse（刑事司法系统变差）的同义替换。故本题选C。

13、Whichofthefollowingistrueofthecurrentageofcriminalresponsibilityinthe

UK?

A、Itequalsto（helowestacceptableagebytheUN.

B>Itnowneedstobeincreasedinstages.

C^Itcanberaisedtoaddressinstitutionaldelays.

D^Ithelpstoestablishagoodinternationalimage.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。艰据