2024北京朝阳区高一（下）期末英语试题和答案

试题PAGE1试题2024北京朝阳高一（下）期末英语（考试时间100分钟满分100分）本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用（共三节。30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。In2022,JeffandhissonJohnnyparticipatedintheIronmancompetitioninCambridge.However,theywerenotthe1competitors.Johnnyhaddifficultyinwalking,soJeffactedashisarmsandlegs,2theweightofhissonthroughtherace.Thecompetitionisreally3.Participantshavetofinishatriathlon(铁人三项赛)with140milesofswimming,cycling,andrunninginunder17hours.JeffandJohnnyhadtriedfivetimes,buttheyhadyetfinishedintime.Tothem,theIronmanwasawaytoimprovethemselves.Everyfailed4onlyfueledtheirdesiretoprovethemselvestobemoredetermined.Sotheyenteredthe2022triathlon,hopingfora5.Theracebeganwitha2.4-mileswim.JeffhelpedJohnnyintoakayak(独木舟),andeasedhimselfintothewater,6hissonwitharopetiedtothekayak.Eventhoughitwashard,thepairfinishedtheswimin90minutes.Aftercompletingthedemandingcyclinginninehours,theysettheirsightsonthefinal7:a26.2-milemarathonwithJeffpushingJohnnyinaracingchair.Havingbeencompetingfor10.5hours,atmile19,Jeffstartedtoworry,realizingtheyweregoingtooslow,sothey8thepace.With200feettothefinishline,Johnnybegantowalkonhisown.Heworriedhecouldn’tmakethecutoff.After16hours,55minutesand35seconds—withjust4minutesand25secondsto9—fatherandsoncrossedthefinishlinetogether.Asthecrowdcheeredonthem,JeffandJohnnylookedbackatthefinishline.Theyknewthiswasn’ttheendofarace.Itwasthebeginningofanew10,filledwithhopeandcourage.1.A.typical B.serious C.qualified D.passionate2.A.shifting B.testing C.carrying D.cutting3.A.boring B.tough C.joyous D.relaxing4.A.attempt B.reaction C.request D.arrangement5.A.future B.reward C.survival D.breakthrough6.A.striking B.pushing C.dragging D.wrapping7.A.proposal B.choice C.solution D.challenge8.A.pickedup B.keptup C.wentthrough D.sloweddown9.A.waste B.spare C.wait D.save10.A.career B.attitude C.opportunity D.chapter第二节选词填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的单词或词组，并使用其正确形式填空。assumecomeacrossindicateadmireontheedgeofpromoteproceedwithrefertorunout(of)takechargeof11.Mary______patiencewaitingforthebusthatwasanhourlate.12.Theproblemshavebeenfixedandwecan

______theworknow.13.Johnwas

______winning

the

game

when

hefellandbrokehisankle.14.Ifthereisanyquestion,please

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ourwebsiteformoreinformation.15.Ifthemanagerretiressoon,Jack______thecompanyandmakechanges.16.Theculturalfestivalaimsto______friendshipbetweenthetwocountries.17.Abuyeralways

______

thecontentsarewonderfulifthepackageiswrappedwell.18.Thesoldiershavedonea(n)______

jobinmakingsurethatallthesuppliesgotthrough.19.WhileIwasreadingthenewspaper,I______aninterestingarticleaboutspaceexploration.20.Lessons

from

history

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thatthemost

successful

technologies

arethosethatmaketheirmarksocially.第三节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。21.Ihaveafriendwith______Ishareapassionfortraveling.22.______concernstherescuersmostisthesafetyofthechildren.23.Weshouldavoid______(leave)thelightsonwhenwegoout.24.Iremembertheyear______wespentoursummervacationatthebeach.25.Theletter,______(write)ineleganthandwriting,wasapleasuretoread.26.______(keep)themselvesawake,theysatonthefloorandtoldeachotherstories.27.Ithinkwritinginformationdownalways______(make)iteasierforyoutoreviewitlater.28.LastJuly,itrainedheavilyinthesouth,______(cause)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.29.Overthepasttenyears,he______(overcome)variousdifficultiesinhiscareer,achievingremarkablesuccessandrecognition.30.Lastyear,thecompany’sCEO______(award)“BestoftheYear”forhisoutstandingleadershipandhisgreatcontributiontothecompany’ssuccess.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADotheselooklikeskates?They’reMoonwalkers,battery-poweredshoeswithwheels.Theyarebilledas“theworld’sfastestshoes”.HowdoMoonwalkerswork?FixMoonwalkerstoyourshoes,powerthemon,andbeginwalking.TheartificialintelligencesoftwaredrivingMoonwalkersmeasuresandadjusts(调整)on-the-flytoboththeterrain(地形)you’reonandthewayyouwalk,providingsafeandenjoyablewalkingexperience.Moonwalkersmoveonlywhenyoudo.Theysensewhenyou’respeedinguporslowingdown.LOCKmodeallowsyoutogoupanddownstairsconfidently. WhydoyouchooseMoonwalkers?Walkatthespeedofarun:Gettowhereyou’regoinginlessthanhalfthetimeitnormallytakes.Withatopspeedof7mph,Moonwalkersimproveeverystep.Expand(扩大)yourfootprint:Moonwalkersmakewalkingmanycityblocks,evenfurther,nosweat.Lessstress:Lesswalkingequalslessstressonyourbody.Moonwalkersfeatureauser-friendlysystemthathelpsyounaturallymaintainmobilityandbalance.Freedomtogoanywhere:Testedondirtandmuchmore,Moonwalkerscanhandleourcurrentcityandallowyoutowalkahilllikeit’snothing.Also,Moonwalkerscansurvivewalkingthroughrain.Despitetheirwideuses,theyarenotrollerskates,sotheydonotfreewheel,ever.Whatisthemaximumuserweight?Moonwalkerscansupportamaximumuserweightof220lbs(100kg).Ifyouweighmorethan220lbs,youcanstilluseMoonwalkersbutwillexperienceslightlyreducedperformanceincertainedgecases.31.WhatcanweknowaboutMoonwalkers? A.Theyarepoweredbywalking. B.Theyhelpwithstairclimbing.C.Theyareassistedbytechnology. D.Theycanreplaceordinaryshoes.32.WithMoonwalkers,usersmay_________.A.walkasfastastheylike B.challengetheirsensesofbalanceC.practisetheirskatingskills D.travelfurtherwithlesstiredness33.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmightaffecttheMoonwalkers’function?A.Thehillyterrain. B.Therainyweather. C.Theuserweight. D.Thewalkingdistance.BStephputsomeflowers“borrowed”fromherneighbourMrsRobinson’sgardennexttohercoldbreakfastandcostlyplates,andtookaphoto.Shewantedtobrightenthecoloursonherpicture.Choosingafilter(滤镜),shenoticedTrueBeautydownloadedbefore.Herpicturelookedperfectwiththatfilter.Sheposteditonthesocialmediaforher15kfollowers,hopingtheywouldwishtohavethesamelifeassheshowed.Thenshethrewawaythefoodnowthatitwascold.Stephwassurprisedtogetsofewlikesandsomanynegativecomments.Shelookedagainatthepictureshehadposted.Herpictureshowedahorriblebreakfastwithfliesalloverthemandtheflowersweredead.Shetriedtodelete(删除)thephoto,butshecouldn’t.Justthen,shereceivedamessage.Stephread:Stephmadeheraccountprivatetohidetheuglypictures.Shedidn’twanttodoanythingifshecouldn’tpostphotosofherlife.Withnothingtodo,shewentdownstairs,pastMrsRobinson’sgarden.Shenoticedthesmelloftheflowersforthefirsttime.Lovely!ThenshesawMrsRobinsonwateringtheplants.Sheofferedtohelp.Acoupleofhourslater,theyweredonewiththework.Stephhadenjoyedherselfalot.Theytookapicture,standingtogetherinfrontoftherosesandsmiling.LaterthateveningStephlookedatthepictureonherphone.Shechangedthecoloursalittlebit.Theroseslookedbeautifulanyway,withorwithoutanychanges.NothingcouldimprovethesmilesonherandMrsRobinson’sfaces.Areallybeautifulpicture!Shepostedthispicture.Itlookedexactlythesameonline!Shemadeheraccountpublicagainandaddedsometexttothephoto:Beautyinthegarden.34.WhydidStephpostthefilteredpictureonline?A.Toshowoffherlife. B.Totryoutanewfilter.C.Tosharehertastybreakfast. D.Toteachphotographyskills.35.WhatcanwelearnaboutTrueBeauty?A.Itimprovestheuglypictures. B.Itcallsonustobehavehonestly.C.Itadvisesustohidecomments. D.Itcaresaboutitsusers’feelings. 36.HowdidStephfeelaboutgardeningwithMrsRobinson?A.Uplifted. B.Confused. C.Confident. D.Lucky.37.Whatwouldtheauthormostpossiblywritenext?A.Stephnolongerpostedherlifeonsocialmedia.B.StephsuccessfullyremovedtheTrueBeautyapp.C.Stephlearnedtoimproveherappreciationofbeauty.D.Stephinspiredherfollowerstovaluetheirinnerself.CWhetherpicturingyournextvacationoranidealmarkforanimportantexam,itisenjoyabletoletyourmindwanderintodaydreaming.Alsodaydreamingallowsustomovementallyintimeandspace,rehearsing(预演)differentpossiblescenesofthefuture.However,whilethebenefitsofdaydreamingwerecomingtolight,psychologistEliSomerfoundthatsomeofhispatients’fantasieswerereplacingrealsocialinteractionsand,asaresult,wereundermining(逐渐削弱)theirabilitytomaintaindailyrelationships.Psychologistscallrepetitiveactionsthatholdbackanindividual’sabilitytocopewithdailylife“maladaptivebehaviours”.Inrecentyears,Somerhasteamedupwithotherstoexplorethebehaviour.Oneoftheirstudiescompared340maladaptivedaydreamerswiththecontrolgroup.Theformerreportedthattheirdaydreamswerehardtocontrolanddisturbedtheirlives.Theyspentanaverageof56percentoftheirwakinghoursinfantasyworldsfeaturingimaginarycharactersanddetailedplots(情节).Unlikeregulardaydreams,theirsofteninvolvedrockingfromsidetosideoruncontrollablefacialexpressions.Otherresearchsuggeststhatmaladaptivedaydreamscantakemanyforms,fromamusingtoserious,buttheytendtobemoreemotionallyintensethanregulardaydreams.Exploringthisbehaviourfurther,Somer’steamasked77peopletokeepadiaryoftheemotionsassociatedwiththeirmaladaptivedaydreaming.Thisrevealedthatitbroughtincreasesinnegativeemotions,alongwithsignsofdepression,socialanxietyandgeneralanxiety.Thestudyalsofoundthatmaladaptivedaydreamingwasabehaviouraladdiction.Thescientistswhofirstproposedthisin2018pointedoutthat,likemanyaddictivetendencies,itoffersamomentaryescapefromstressfulthoughtsandunfavourablerealities.“Manyprofessionalsobjecttotreatingmaladaptivedaydreamingasdisease,”saysSomer.Asyouwouldexpectforaconditionthatisn’tyetwidelyrecognised,treatmentandmanagementoptionsarestillbeingdevelopedandtested.Monitoringthebehaviour,itsconditionsandemotionalconsequences(后果)mayhelpindividualscontrolit.Also,practisingmindfulnessmeditationmaybehelpfulinstayinginthepresentratherthanescapingtofantasyworlds.Othertechniquesinvolverecordingoccurrencesofmaladaptivedaydreamingandpossiblecausesinajournal,andrewardingpersonalmilestonesinpreventingthesefantasies.Noam,anIsraelistudentwhohasbeenstrugglingwithmaladaptivedaydreaming,isproofthatmaladaptivedaydreamingcanbemanaged.JusttwomonthsafterstartingtreatmentwithSomer,hisdailydaydreaminghasfallenfrom16hourstoaround7hours.“Ireallywanttogetbetter,totakepleasureinmylifeasitisandtoloveonlythepeoplewhoarepartofmylifeanddeservemycare,”hesays.38.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Regulardaydreamstakeawiderrangeofforms.B.Maladaptivedaydreamingismorelikelytobehabitual.C.Moredetailedimaginaryplotsleadtobetterdaydreaming.D.Feweremotionalchangesareseeninmaladaptivedaydreams.39.Asformaladaptivedaydreaming,whichwouldSomeragreewith?A.Expertsshouldtakeitseriously.B.Itcanleadustopreviewfutureevents.C.Itprovidesuswithanaccesstorelievingstress.D.Keepingajournalhasprovedtobeitsreliablecure.40.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tomakeacomparisonbetweentwokindsofdaydreaming.B.Topresentthefindingsofstudiesonmaladaptivedaydreaming.C.Tointroduceapproachestomanagingmaladaptivedaydreaming.D.Toattachimportancetodealingwiththedarksideofdaydreaming.DBeingscooped(抢先)toadiscoveryisascientist’sleastdesirablething.“Yougetameaningfuladvantageforbeingfirst,butbeingscoopedmaynotbeasdamagingaspeopleseemtofear,”saysCarolynStein,aneconomistattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)inCambridge.Thehistoryofscienceisfullofcompetition.CharlesDarwinrushedouthisbookOntheOriginofSpeciesafterreceivingamanuscript(手稿)detailingsimilarideasfromAlfredRusselWallace,andIsaacNewton,GottfriedWilhelmLeibnizandtheirsupportersarguedoverwhoinventedcalculus.Despitethefameofthesecompetitions,scientistsknowlittleabouthowcreditissharedamongcompetingdiscoveries.Theoreticalmodelsanalysingpatent(专利)races,forinstance,oftensupposethattothewinnergoalltheadvantages.Intherealworld,however,creditforscientificdiscoveriesisunlikelytobewinner-takes-all.Thecostofbeingscoopedwasmoderate.Structuresthatweremadepublicsecondwereonly2.5%lesslikelyevertobepublished,althoughtheytendedtoappearinlessfamousjournalsthanwerestructurespublishedfirst.Asashareoftotalcitationsoutofa100,thefirstpaperwouldreceive58andthesecond42.Butwhenquestionedabouttheeffectsofbeingscooped,scientistsweremuchmorenegativethanthosedatashow.Theypredictedthat,outof100citations,ascoopedpaperwouldreceivejust29.Butnotallscientistswereputatadisadvantageequallyforcomingsecond.Whenresearchteamsatleadinguniversitieswerebeatenbyateamatalower-profilecollege,thesecond-placedteamgotslightlymorecitations.Andtheteamsattopdepartmentstookanevenlargershareofcitationswhentheydidthescooping.“Butthepsychologicaleffectsofbeingscoopedcannotbeignored,”saysVenkiRamakrishnan,astructuralbiologistinCambridge.Inthelate1990sandearly2000s,hisgroupracedseveralteamstodeterminethestructureoftheribosome,acellmachinethatproducesproteins.InSeptember2000,ateamledbyAdaYonathattheWeizmannInstituteinRehovot,publishedthestructureofaribosomesubunitinCellthatRamakrishnan’steamhadalsocharacterized.Ramakrishnan’sstudycameoutweekslaterinNature.“Forthatmonth,Iandmylabwereprettydepressing,”saysRamakrishnan.Theresearchersworriedthattheywouldn’treceiveproperrecognitionfortheirwork.Thatdidn’tturnouttobethecase.Ramakrishnan’sandYonath’steamsarebothcreditedwithworkingouttheribosomeandthescientistseachsharedone-thirdofthe2009Nobelchemistryprize.Ramakrishnan’spaperhasroughlytwiceasmanycitationsastheonethatscoopedit.Inthelongrun,itdidn’tmatter.41.WhydoestheauthormentionthebookOntheOriginofSpecies?A.Tostressthevalueofscooping. B.Toshowdiscoveryracesarecommon.C.Toillustratefamecomesfromdiscoveries.D.Toexplainwhywinnersgettheadvantages.42.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“moderate”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Minor. B.Unclear. C.High. D.Controlled.43.AsforRamakrishnan’sconcernsonbeingscooped,theauthorconsidersit_________.A.understandable B.unacceptable C.unnecessary D.unexpected44.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ScoopedinScience:Scientists’BadDreamB.ScientificDiscoveries:CitationsMatterorNot?C.ScientificDiscoveries:ShouldWinnersTakeAll?D.ScoopedinScience:CreditWillComeYourWay第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Themomentanybirdwatcherspotsastrikingandunfamiliarbird,thefirstthingtheydoistopulloutaphoneandidentifythespecies.Thissuggestscuriosityisallaboutactingnow.Itdrivesustofindanswersassoonaspossible.Theimpatienceforanswersmirrorswhatpsychologiststhinkisamainfunctionofcuriosity:toreduceuncertainty.45Inarecentstudy,scientistshavefoundthatitcanalsoinspiremorepatience,settingpeopleupforthosemomentsofdiscovery.Theyaskedmorethan2,000peopleaged19to76yearstowatchaseriesofshortvideos.Eachvideostartedwithablank(空白的)screen.46Whiletheparticipantswatchedeachvideo,thescientistswouldaskthemhowcurioustheywereaboutwhatthedrawingwouldbecome.Theyalsomadeguessesaboutwhatthedrawingwasgoingtoturnintoandhowmuchjoyorannoyancetheyfelt.Interestingly,whenparticipantsweremorecurious,theyweremorelikelytocontinuewatching.47Theexperimentalsorevealedthataspeoplewatchedthevideo,curiositywouldchangeacrossthejourney.Yetregardlessofhowcuriositychanged,peoplewithgreatercuriositytendtoengageintheprocess.48First,itunderlinesthecomplexityofcuriosity,openingnewpathsforresearchtoexploreitsvarieties.Italsohighlightsthesignificanceofengagingwithuncertainty:Havingtoconsiderandpredictanswerscanimprovelearningandmemory,andcuriositycanpromotebrainstatesthathelpusstorenewinformation.Learningnewthingscanbechallenging.49A.Butthispictureofcuriosityisincomplete.B.However,curiositymakespeopleeagerforknowledge.C.Thepossibleeffectsoftheresearcharereallyimpressive.D.Sowhenuncertaintywasgreatest,curiositywasexperiencedwithjoy.E.Alinewouldthenappearandmovearound,graduallytakingashape.F.Inotherwords,highercuriositymotivatedpeopletoslowdownandbepatient.G.However,makinggooduseofcuriositycanhelpusenjoytheprocessoflearning.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Howcanweavoidfoodwasteinourdailylife?RaynerLoihasgothisownway.Hekeepsanoteonhisphonewithdetailsofthefoodthatgoesbadeveryweekathishome.Thatway,whenhegoestothesupermarket,hehasabetterideaofhowmuchfoodheactuallyeatsinaweek,andcanadjusthisshoppingaccordingly.Hebelievesindividualactionlikethisisimportanttosolvetheproblemoffoodwaste,buthe’salsogothissightssethigher.In2017hefoundedLumitics,acompanythattracksfoodwasteonalargescale—withtheaimofhelpinghotelsandairlines,whichservethousandsofmealsaday,figureouthowmuchavoidablewastethey’reproducing.Equippedwithweightsensors,cameras,andAItechnology,Lumitics’smartgarbagecans(垃圾箱)canrecognizeandtrackthetypeandamountoffoodthatgetsthrownout—includingwhetherit’sspoiled,uneatenorkitchenwaste.Asaresult,itscustomerscanusethedataofthewastetoadjusttheamountoffoodtheyprepareorbuy,leadingtoagreatwastereduction.Forinstance,Lumiticshashelpedthehotelsitworkswithreducefoodwasteconsiderably,keepingmorethan300,000mealsoutoflandfillsin2019.Thecompanyisalsobeneficialforitscustomers’economicoutcomes.Hotelrestaurantsoftenoperateonrelativelythinprofits,“soanysavingsforthemactuallyisreallysignificantfortheirbusiness,”hesays.LoigottheideaforLumiticswhen,whileworkinginSingapore,hesawkidsgohungry.Heseesfoodwasteasoneofthemostoverlookedproblemsfacingtheworld.“Ithinkmygenerationdesperatelylongformeaningandpurposeinourlives,sowewanttoworkonchallengingproblemsandcreatesolutionsthatwillbringaboutdeepimpactfortheworld,”hesays,“whatourgroupwanttoachieveisreallyclearintermsofthenumberofmealssavedandtheamountofcarbonemissions(排放)avoided.”50.HowdoesRaynerLoiknowhowmuchfoodheeatsinaweek?51.WhatbenefitsdoesLumiticsbringtoitscustomers?52.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatementthenunderlineitandexplainwhy.RaynerLoiwasinspiredtofoundLumiticsbyhisexperienceoffoodshortageinhisownlife.53.ApartfromRaynerLoi’swayofsavingfood,howdoyouavoidfoodwasteinyourdailylife?(Inabout40words)第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你从外国好友Jim的来信中得知他在申请联合国志愿者项目(UNVolunteers)，你也有意参加。请给他写一封英文邮件，内容包括：1.说明你感兴趣的志愿服务种类和原因；2.询问项目相关信息。注意：1．词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

参考答案第一部分：知识运用（共三节,30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D6.C 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.D第二节选词填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）11.ranoutof 12.proceedwith 13.on

the

edge

of 14.referto15.willtakechargeof 16.promote 17.assumes

18.admirable19.cameacross 20.indicate第三节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）21.whom 22.What 23.leaving 24.when25.written 26.Tokeep 27.makes 28.causing29.hasovercome 30.wasawarded 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节,38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）31.C 32.D 33.C 34.A 35.B36.A 37.D 38.B 39.A 40.D41.B 42.A 43.C 44.D第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）45.A 46.E 47.F 48.C 49.G第三部分：书面表达（共两节,32分）第一节（共4小题；第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分）50.Bykeepinganoteonhisphonewithdetailsofthefoodthatgoesbadeveryweekathishome.51.Thegreatwastereductionandbettereconomicoutcomes.52.RaynerLoiwasinspiredtofoundLumiticsbyhisexperienceoffoodshortageinhisownlife.RaynerLoigottheideaforLumiticswhen,whileworkinginSingapore,hesawkidsgohungry.53.(1)Toreducefoodwaste,Ialwaysencouragemyfamilytofinishourmealswhenweeatout,ortotakeawaytheleftoversforlateruse.Ioftenuseleftoverstomakenewdisheslikesoupsorstir-fries.Thisnotonlyhelpsreducewastebutalsoletsmegetcreativewithcooking.(2)Iusuallystorefoodproperly,whichisagoodwaytopreventwasting.Forexample,Iensureitemslikefruitandvegetablesarekeptintherefrigerator,whiledrygoodsarestoredinairtightcontainersinacoolanddryplace.Bydoingthis,Icanreducefoodwaste.(3)Gardeningismywaytoa