2025届中考英语题型过关专题3.推理判断解题技巧（原卷版）（全国版）

推理判断解题技巧

推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的线索和事实进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可

能性，将间接论据连贯起来，得出一个合理的结论。合理，就是论推理有事实根据，而不是读者主观臆断

的。推理判断题常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude,learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等词提问。

提问中往往含有表示推测的情态动词，如can，could，might,would等和其他表示可能性的副词，如probably，

mostlikely等。

所谓推断就是从已知的事情中推测未知的事情。这里所说的未知是指文章或作者没有直接说明但已暗

示出来，或者根据作者提供的信息，可能引出的必然性结论。所以推断类题目尽管不能在文章中直接找到

答案，但我们可以在文章中找到可供推论的依据。还有一个重要的技巧就是排除法的适当运用。很多错误

选项的排除要靠我们对于文章事实和细节的准确把握。因此我们也要相应加强对于文章事实细节的训练。

常见的技巧方法一般有如下几类：

方法：在理解原文表面信息的基础上，做出判断和推理。得出其隐含意义和深层意思。考查对阅读材料

全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。依据文章事实，得出得出符合逻

辑的结论。

陷阱：①文章直接言明的内容，这不是推断出来的（凡是推断题一定不选原文信息的同义表述）②注

意干扰项与文章内容有细微区别。（推理判断一定要合情合理，有理有据，依据事实，切不可主观臆断）

③察言观色，依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想

倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。

方法1逻辑推理法

逻辑推理法，即根据上下文及其相互间的关系，对文章片段或全文进行深层理解来解答题目。常以时

间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据，有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态

度等弦外之音。主要考查学生对文章细节的理解和逻辑思维的推断能力。

ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistohaveagoodenvironment.TakenotesinEnglish,putEnglishbooksaround

yourroom,listentoEnglishradios,watchEnglishnews,moviesandTVprograms.SpeakEnglishwithyour

friendswheneveryoucan.ThemoreEnglishmaterialsthatyouhavearoundyou,thefasteryouwilllearnit.

Manypeoplethinkthatexercisesandtestsaren'tmuchfun.However,bydoingexercisesandtakingtestsyou

canreallyimproveyourEnglish.Ifyounevertestyourself,youwillneverknowhowmuchyouaremaking

progress.

Accordingtothepassage,Englishexercisesandtestsare______.

A.verynecessaryB.nothelpfulatall

C.veryboringD.notimportant

方法2观点态度判定法

观点态度判定法，就是从作者的措词、语气或对某个细节的把握来推断作者在整篇文章中所表现出来

的态度，以及对事物的评价。主要考查学生对于作者陈述事件时所表达出的个人观点态度的推断能力。

WhattheprimaryschoolinFuzhouisdoingisworthpraising.Doingchorescanputasenseofresponsibility

intostudents'mindsandteachthemthespiritofrulesaswellasteamwork.Also,itcanmakestudents'in-school

experiencesmoremeaningful.

Whatdoesthewriterthinkofdoingchores?

A.Hethinksit'sawasteoftime.

B.Hethinksit'stheparents'job.

C.Hecan'tunderstand.

D.Hethinksit'sgoodforstudents.

方法3目的意图判定法

目的意图判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出作者的写作意图。主要考查学生对作者阐述的目的进行归

纳总结和分析的能力。

Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.By2050,theycouldhave13billiontons.

Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesare

floating(漂浮)aroundoutthere.Itharmsoceanlife.Plasticrubbishevenendsupinthefoodweeat.

Thoughitishardwork,itcanbesolved.InBritain,peoplearenotallowedtouseplasticbagsexceptin

hospitals.ScotlandandseveralcoastalcitiesintheUSstoppeoplefromusingplasticstrawsaswell.

Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto______.

A.introducesomewaystorecyclewaste

B.tellreadersabouttheproblemwithplastics

C.compareairpollutionandplasticpollution

D.describehowtheUSisreducingplasticwaste

方法4文章出处判定法

文章出处判定法，就是根据文章的语言、用词、格式、内容等推断出文章的出处，如杂志、报纸、网

络等。主要考查学生对各种文章出处的特点和常识的掌握能力，以及对文章的体裁和题材的准确把握能力。

Haveyoueverwantedtoachieveagoalandendedupdoinglotsofresearchonhowtoachieveit?Asyoulearned

moreandmore,itseemedyouknewlessandless.Thatisbecausewhenyoulearnedanewconcept(概念),you

foundthattherewasalotmoretoknowaboutit.

Usually,peoplethinktheyneedtogetmoreandmoreinformationbeforetryinganewidea...

Oneofthebestwaystolearnistotakeactionandlearnfromtheresults...

Learningmoreisgreatbutifallyou'redoingislearningandnottakingaction,it'stimetochangethat.Just

takethefirststep.

Wecanusuallyreadthepassagein______.

A.astorybookB.anewspaper

C.anadvertisementD.aguidebook

方法5读者对象判定法

读者对象判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出文章是针对哪个群体阅读的。主要考查学生的概括和推断

能力。

Whatcanyoudowithcyberbullying(网络欺凌)?

Ifsomeoneisnotkindtoyou,tellanadultthatyouknoworlike.Forexample,talktoaparentorateacher.

Ifyougetbadmessages,don'treply.Youshouldsavethemandgivethemtoyourteacher,yourfamily,orthe

police.Askanadultforhelp.Don'tshareanythingbeforeyoumakesureitistrue.

Saysorryifyouarenotkindtosomeone.Youcanwriteamessageortalktotheperson.Andalwaysremember:

thinkabouthowtobekindinthefuture.

Thispassageismainlywrittenfor______.

A.teachersB.parentsC.childD.thepolice

方法6写作目的判定法

目的意图判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出作者的写作意图。主要考查学生对作者阐述的目的进行归

纳总结和分析的能力。

Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.By2050,theycouldhave13billiontons.

Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesare

floating(漂浮)aroundoutthere.Itharmsoceanlife.Plasticrubbishevenendsupinthefoodweeat.

Thoughitishardwork,itcanbesolved.InBritain,peoplearenotallowedtouseplasticbagsexceptin

hospitals.ScotlandandseveralcoastalcitiesintheUSstoppeoplefromusingplasticstrawsaswell.

Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto______.

A.introducesomewaystorecyclewaste

B.tellreadersabouttheproblemwithplastics

C.compareairpollutionandplasticpollution

D.describehowtheUSisreducingplasticwaste

方法7论证方式判定法

论证方式判定法，就是对文章提出的观点举例子，列数字，作比较等方式去支撑文章中提出的观点，

证明观点的合理性。主要考查学生对题干的理解，及线索句的定位和理解能力。

TheInternetofthingsmaybecomingsoonerthanyouthink.Itisreportedthatduringhisspeechearlierthisyear,

Samsung(三星)CEOBKYoonspentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthings.Hesaidthatfiveyears

fromnow,everySamsungproductwillbepartoftheInternetofthings,whetheritˈsawashingmachineora

vacuumcleaner(吸尘器).

TheSamsungCEO’sspeechismentionedtoprove(证明)that____

A.SamsungproducedtheInternetofthingsinthepast.

B.TheInternetofthingswillcomeintoourdailylifesooner.

C.HespentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthings

D.SamsungproductsarepartoftheInternetofthings.

方法8篇章结构判定法

篇章结构判定法，就是对文章整体的结构，或者段落中某事件的结构进行分析总结，常以排序或结构

图示等来考查。主要考查学生对整体文章内容的理解和概括能力。

Aroundtheworld,peoplehavedifferentideasaboutwhatgoodmannersare.

Whenyougotorestaurantsindifferentpartsoftheworld,it’simportanttoknowtherightandwrongthingsto

do.Forexample,inChina,it’sOKtomakealotofnoiseinarestaurant.Infact,ifarestaurantisn’tnoisyorlively,

youmaythinkthere’ssomethingwrongwithit.However,inmanywesterncountries,restaurantsarequietplaces.

Ifatableistooloud,otherpeopleintherestaurantmightevencomplaintotheowneroftherestaurant.

Payingthebillisalsodifferentfromcountrytocountry.InChina,onepersonusuallypaysforeverybody.In

westerncountries,onepersonpayswhenheorsheisentertainingclients,butwhenfriendseattogether,they

usuallysharethecost.Thisiscalled“GoingDutch”.Also,whenWesternerspaythebill,theyusuallyleavesome

moneyforthewaiter.Thisiscalled“leavingatip”.Leavingatipisthoughttobepolite.IntheUS,peopleare

expectedtotipbetween15%and20%ofthebill,whichisdecidedbyhowgoodtheserviceis.Goodwaiterscan

makealotofmoney!

Differentcountrieshavedifferentcustoms.Whenyoutraveltoanothercountry,pleasefollowitscustoms,just

asthesayinggoes“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.”

Ifweputthepassageintothreeparts,whichofthefollowingisthebest?

(①=Para.1②=Para.2③=Para.3④=Para.4)

A.①;②③;④B.①;②;③④C.①②;③;④D.①;②③④

（2023·广东广州·统考中考真题）

Comeon,Amy.YoumustTRYHARDER.Amytoldherselfsilently.Shewasinherclass’

Second-Day-of-SchoolGamewithherteammates,whomsheonlymetyesterday.Thiswasherfirstchanceto

makenewfriends,andshewasnervous.

SofarAmyhadn’tgivenanyusefulsuggestions—afterall,shewastotallynewtothistown.Luckily,noone

seemedtocareaboutit.Thisrelaxedheralot.

SincetheBlueTeamleftthepark,theyhadworkedoutthefirsttwoclues(线索)andhadbeentothepost

office.Nowtheywereinfrontofthecinema.

Henrywasreadingaloudthethirdclue:Gotoourtownfounder’slastrestingplace.

IknowTHISONE!Amythought,excited.

“Tothecemetery(墓地)”Cindysaid.

“No,wait!”Amysaid.“I’vereadaboutit.Thefounderwasburiednearthelibrary.”

“Wow.I’vewalkedbyeveryday,”Tylersaid.“Neverknewthat!”

“Goodjob!Thatwillsavevaluabletime,”CindysmiledatAmy.

“Westillneedtohurry,”Tylerreminded,pointingtotheYellowTeamcomingnear.

“Iknowashortcut!”Henrysuggested.“Followme!”Noonemoved.

“No,seriously,”Henrysaid.“YouknowI’malwaysrunninglate.Iknoweveryshortcutintown.”Theothers

finallyagreed.

Afewsharpturns,andtheywerethere!ThistimeAmyreadthecluealoud:Nowgototheplacewherethe

footballisrunningaround!

“Thefootballstadium!”Theycalledouttogetherandstartedtorun…

Nowthey’dgotthefinalclue:Lookwhereyou’vebeen,seewhereyouare.Useyourmapwiselyand

you’llbeastar!

Lookingcloselyatthemap,everyonethoughthard.

“Aha!Astar!”Cindysuddenlybrokethesilence.Shequicklytookoutapencil.

Astheywatchedherdrawinglinesonthemap,everyoneunderstood.

Theybeganrunningbacktowheretheystarted.Theywerecloserandcloser,andfinallycrossedthefinish

line-justonestepbehindtheRedTeam!

“So…close…”Tylermadeaface,andtheyalllaughedtogether.

“Nicejob,newgirl,”CindygaveAmyahigh-five.

“Thatwasreallyfun,”saidHenry.“Ihopewe’llbeonthesameteamsoon.”

“Me,too,”Amyagreed,smiling.

1．WhatdoesthebeginningofthestorytellusaboutAmy?

A．Shedidn’twanttoplaythegame.B．Shewasanewstudentinherclass.

C．ShewasamemberoftheRedTeam.D．Shedidn’tunderstandthegamerules.

2．WhydidtheteamletHenryleadthewayatlast?

A．Heranfastestintheteam.B．Theydidn’tknowtheway.

C．Theytrustedhisrichexperience.D．Hewasbestatplayingthegame.

3．Wherewasthefinishlineofthegame?

A．Inthepark.B．Nexttothepostoffice.

C．Infrontofthecinema.D．Outsidethelibrary.

4．WhydidAmysmileattheendofthestory?

A．Herteamcameinfirst.B．Shewasacceptedasafriend.

C．Shenolongerfeltnervous.D．Therewouldbeagamesoon.

（2023·河南·统考中考真题）

Plunk!Idroppedanotherpecan(山核桃)intomybasket.Thenagentleautumnwindblewsomemoreoffthe

tree.Irantopickthemup.Whew!Pecanpickingwashard.Mybasketwasonlyhalffull.

Iwasvisitingmygrandpa’sfarminKansas,andGrandpasentmeintothewoodstopickuppecansforusto

enjoylater.Iwasn’tabouttolethimdown.

Thensomethingcaughtmyeye:asquirrelpickedupapecan,climbedupatreeanddisappearedintoalarge

hole.Amomentlater,thesquirrelclimbeddowntothegroundtopickanotherpecan.Onceagain,hetookthe

pecanbacktohissecrethidingplaceinsidethehollow(洞)ofthetree.

Notsosecretanymore,Ithought.Iranovertothetreeandfoundthehollowwasfilledwithsweetpecans.

Theywererightthereforthetaking.Thiswasmychance.Handfulbyhandful,Itookallthepecansfromthe

hollow.Nowthebasketwasfull!

Iwassoproudofmyself.Icouldn’twaittoshowGrandpaallofthepecansI’dcollected.

“Look,Grandpa,”Ishouted,“lookatallofthepecansIfound!”

Grandpatookalookatmybasket.“Well,well,howdidyoufindsomany,Jimmy?”ItoldhimhowI’d

followedthesquirrelandtakenthepecansfromhishidingplace.Grandpacongratulatedmeonfindingout

somethingaboutthesquirrel’shabits.Thenhedidsomethingthatsurprisedme.Hehandedthebasketbacktome

andputhisarmgentlyaroundmyshoulders.

“Thatsquirrelworkedveryhardtocollecthiswinterfood,”hesaid.“Nowthatallofhispecansaregone,

don’tyouthinkthatlittlesquirrelwillbeveryhungrywhenitgetscold?”

“Ididn’tthinkaboutthat,”Isaid.

“Iknow,”Grandpasaid.“Butagoodmanshouldnevertakeadvantageofsomeoneelse’shardwork,eventhe

squirrel’s.”

SuddenlyIfeltashollowasthatoldtree.Theimage(形象)ofthathungrysquirrelwouldn’tleavemymind.

TherewasonlyonethingIcoulddo.

…

根据材料内容选择最佳答案。

1．Whydidthewritergotothewoodsatthebeginningofthestory?

A．Topickuppecans.B．Tocatchlittleanimals.

C．Tofeedthesquirrels.D．Tolookforhisgrandpa.

2．Thewriterwasproudofhimselfbecause________.

A．hewaspraisedbyhisgrandpa

B．hefoundouthisgrandpa’ssecret

C．hehelpedthesquirrelinthehollow

D．hefilledhisbasketwithsomanypecans

3．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGrandpa?

A．Kindandwise.B．Caringandhumorous.

C．Shyandfriendly.D．Patientandhard-working.

4．Whatisthepossibleendingtothestory?

A．Thewritersentthepecanstohisneighbors.

B．Thewriterputallthepecansbackintothehole.

C．Thewriterhidthepecansinhisgrandpa’shouse.

D．Thewriterenjoyedallthepecanswithhisfamily.

5．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A．AnunusualtreeB．Thestolenpecans

C．AsmartsquirrelD．Themagicbasket

（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）

SeiichiSano,an89-year-oldJapaneseman,ridesawaveatKataseNishihamaBeach,Thursday,March30,

2023.Hehasbeenrecognizedastheoldestmaletosurf（冲浪）bytheGuinnessWorldRecords.

Butmaybehewilljustkeepsurfing.“IthinkitwouldbeinterestingtotrytosurfuntilI’m100,”Sanosaid.

“IthinkItakebettercareofmyselfwhenIhavedreamslikethis.Evennow,ItakebettercareofmyselfthanIdid

before.”

Sanosaidhegottheideatotrysurfingfromaworkerathislocalbank.Theman’sskinwasalwaysdarkand

hedidnotlooklikeausualworker.Hissecrettokeephealthyandenergetic,hesaid,wassurfing.So,Sanofound

ateacher.

Sanogetsoutmostweekendsontheblack-sandbeach.“Idon’tconsidermyselfanoldman,”hesaidinhis

wetsuit,boardstandingnexttohim.“Ihaveneverthoughtofmyselfasanoldperson.IalwaysfeelthatIcanstill

moveforward.Icanstilldoit.Icanstillenjoyit.”

SeveralyoungstudentswhoalsoworkwithSano’ssurfteachertalkedaboutSano.

“Ithinkagedoesn’tmatterinsurfing,”a12-year-oldsurfersaid.

“Heissoamazing,”addedhisyoungerbrother.

“Tobehonest,Iwassurprisedbyhisage,”saidSano’ssurfingteacher.“Iwasworriedthathewouldgethurt.

Ididnotknowhowfithewas.”

Sanostillworks9-to-5athisjob.Surfinghelpsmakehimlessstressed.“Peopleoftensaythatsurfingislife

itself,”hesaid.“Ithinkitistrue.”

1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“recognized”inparagraph1probablymean?

A．Led.B．Given.C．Accepted.D．Collected.

2．Paragraph3mainlytellsus________.

A．whereSanolearnttosurfB．whySanotriedsurfing

C．howSanoplannedtosurfD．whenSanowentsurfing

3．FromthewordsoftheyoungstudentsandSano’ssurfteacher,wecaninfer________.

A．theyrespectSanoverymuchB．Sano’sageinfluenceshissurfing

C．they’reworriedaboutSano’sworkD．Sanoisoftenhurtwhenpractising

4．Accordingtothepassage,weknowSano________.

A．istoooldtostartsurfingB．getsboredwithsurfing

C．feelsstressedaftersurfingD．enjoysalotfromsurfing

（2023·山东济南·统考中考真题）

Warmingtemperaturesandshorterwintersmightsoundliketheendofsnowdays.However,rising

temperaturesmayactuallycausesnowstormstodumpmoresnow,saysDavidRobinson.Heisaprofessorata

universityinNewJersey.Hestudiesclimate(气候)change.

TemperaturechangeisoneofthegreatestinEarth’sclimatechangeoveralongperiodoftime.Itcanhappen

naturallyorbecauseofhumanactivities,suchasburninggasandcoal.Burningthesefuelsproducescarbon

dioxide(二氧化碳)andotherpollutantsintotheatmosphere,whichholdheatintheatmosphere,leadingto

warmerglobaltemperaturesovertime.

Buthowcouldwarmertemperaturesleadtomoresnow?Togetsnow,youneedmoisture(水汽)andfreezing

temperatures(0℃orless),saysRobinson.Withoutmoistureintheair,thereisnoprecipitation(rainorsnow).

Robinsonsaystherearesignsthatsnowstormsarebecomingstronger.Thisisbecauseofthisconnectionbetween

moistureandprecipitation.

“Thewarmertheairbecomes,themoremoistureitholds.So,ifit’swarmingandstillcoldenoughtosnow,

youcangetmoresnow,”Robinsonsays.

Ofthe10biggestsnowfallsinD．C．region,fivehappenedinthepast25years,accordingtotheNWS.

Duringthatsametimeperiod,averagewintertemperaturesinD．C．increased.In1996,theaveragewinter

temperaturewas1.8℃.In2020,itwas6℃.

Weatherexpertssuggestthatrisingtemperaturesmaymakewintershorterandlesscold.Butfornow,the

snowisstillfalling.Oneday,wintermightnothaveanydaysbelowthefreezingtemperature.Oncetemperatures

stayabovefreezing,snowstormsbecomerain.Untilthen,wemightcontinuetoseestrongstorms.

AccordingtoRobinson,thattimecouldcomesoonerthanwethink.Hesays,“Whenwelookback,years

fromnow,wemayseethatthiswasthebreakingpoint.”

1．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A．HowEarth’sclimatechanges.B．Whatcausesrisingtemperatures.

C．Whatproducescarbondioxide.D．Howpollutioninfluencesclimate.

2．Whatwillthewarmingtemperaturescauseaccordingtothetext?

A．Lesscoal.B．Drierweather.

C．Longerwinters.D．Strongersnowstorms.

3．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph5?

A．TointroduceD．C．

B．Toreportthebiggest10snowstorms.

C．TosupportRobinson’sideas.

D．Toshowtheincreaseoftemperatures.

4．WhatdoesRobinsonthinkofthefuturewarmingtemperatures?

A．Impossible.B．Serious.C．Meaningless.D．Amazing.

5．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?

A．Asciencemagazine.B．Astorybook.

C．Asciencefiction.D．Atravelguide.

（2023·山东济南·统考中考真题）

Agardenismuchmorethanjustcreatingabeautifulenvironment.Itcanbeawaytosaveorevenmake

moneyand,morethanthat,itcanbeaplacewhereyoucanexpressyourself.Forme,it’sabitofallthesethings.I

knowitmaysoundstrangefora13-year-oldgirltobeinterestedingardening,butIhavealwaysbeenandIwould

lovetomakeacareer(职业)outofit.

Ihavelearnedmanythingsthesepastfewyears.Ihavebeenreadingaboutanddoingsomegardening.So,

hereismytopadviceaboutgardening.First,youdonotneedtospendalotofmoneytohaveabeautifulgarden.

SomeofthegardensthatIthinkaretheprettiestarejustlinesofplants.Therearen’tmanygardendecorations(装

饰)andpathways.It’sjustbeautifulplantswithfruitsandvegetables.Wecanalsofindmanyusefulthingsforfree,

frompiecesofoldwoodtooldpotsandpans.Or,wecanbuildthingsforfreefrommaterialsthatotherpeople

havethrownaway.

Ifyoujustrememberthatplantingwhatismorethanyouneedwilltakethestressawayoflosingsomeplants,

youwillsaveyourselfalotofworry,too.Besides,youneedtoaskyourselfwhichplantsproduceenoughfoodto

makethemworthgrowing.Iactuallysatdownanddidthemathsonthatonethisspring.Itamazedmewhatsome

plantswereworth.Atomato,forexample,canproduce£50-£150worthoffruit.Ittakesupalotofspacebutthat’s

alotofmoneycomingoutofa50-penceseed(种子)!SoifIhadknownearlierwhateachplantcouldsaveus,I

wouldhavetoldmyparentstofillourgardenwithdifferentplants.

Andfinally,gardeningdoesn’thavetobeallornothing.ButthenIguessthat’smoreofapersonality

weaknessthananything.Istrugglewithdoingthingsalittleatatime.OnceIdecidetodosomething,Iusually

devoteeverywakinghourtoitforalittlewhileandthengettired.Soit’sokaytojusthaveonetomatoplant,and

it’sokaytohaveanoffyear.Itwillsaveyoualotofstress.

1．Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusaboutgardeninginparagraph1?

A．Thegardenerscanmakemuchmoney.

B．It’sjustaboutcreatingabeautifulplace.

C．Themostimportantistoexpressyourself.

D．Itmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.

2．Howwouldthewriterdescribeherfavoritegarden?

A．Simple.B．Expensive.C．Magic.D．Creative.

3．Whatadvicedoesthewritergiveusaboutgardening?

A．Usewhatwecanfindaroundus.B．Trytomakeacareeroutofit.

C．Askothergardenerstogivehelp.D．Spendasmuchtimeaswecan.

4．Whatcanwelearnaboutthewriter’sgardeningexperience?

A．Shewantstogroweverything.

B．Shedideverythingright.

C．Shehasalotoffunindoingit.

D．Sheneedstoworkharder.

5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devote”meaninthelastparagraph?

A．Waste.B．Spend.C．Change.D．Count.

（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）

Youstandinagarden.Alownoisereachesyourears.Youseeasmallinsectflyingnearyourhead.Youturn

tolook,anditfliesoutofsight.Thereitisagain!Youmoveslowly.Youcanseeyellowandblackstripesonit.

Isitabee?Itlandsonaflower,andyoutakeacloserlook.

Beesfold(折叠)theirwingsontotheirbackswhentheystopflying.Butthisinsect’swingsreachoutlikea

fly’s.That’sbecauseitisafly—aflowerfly.

Manyflowerflieslooklikebees.Thishelpskeepthemsafefromanimalsthatmaywanttoeatthem.Insects

withyellowandblackstripesusuallyhavestingers(刺).Insecteaters,suchassomebirdsandfrogs,needtoget

stungonlyoncetoknowthatstripesmeantrouble.Flowerfliescan’tsting,butinsecteatersseethestripesand

leavethefliesalone.

Flowerfliesspendmostoftheirtimelookingforfood.Likebees,flowerflieseatpollen(花粉)andnectar(花

蜜).Thismakesthemeasytofindinagardenfullofflowers.Theyarehelpfulgardeninsectsjustlikebees.Adult

flowerfliesmovepollenfromoneflowertoanother,whichhelpssomeflowersgrowintofruit.

Flowerfliescanstayinoneplacewhileflying.Mostinsectsmoveforwardwhentheyfly.Butflowerflies

cantwisttheirwings,muchlikehummingbirdsdo.Twistingkeepstheminoneplace,sotheycanremainover

flowers,leaves,orevenyou!

1．Inwhichpartofamagazinecanweprobablyseethispassage?

A．Nature.B．Culture.C．Fashion.D．Health.

2．Inwhichwayarebeesandflowerfliesdifferent?

A．Thefoodthattheyeat.B．Thecolouroftheirstripes.

C．Thewaytheyhelpgardenflowersgrow.D．Theshapeofwingswhentheystopflying.

3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“leavethefliesalone”inParagraph4mean?

A．Makefriendswiththeflies.B．Eatthefliesup.

C．Keepawayfromtheflies.D．Invitethefliesin.

4．Whatmightthewriterofthepassageagreewith?

A．Peopleusuallypreferbeestoflowerflies.

B．Peoplesometimesmistakeflowerfliesforbees.

C．Peopleshouldstopbirdseatingbeesandflowerflies.

D．Peopleshouldhavebeautifulgardensintheirneighbourhood.

（2023·北京·统考中考真题）

Whenconsideringthekindofexperiencethatmakeslifebetter,mostpeoplefirstthinkthathappiness

dependsonexperiencingpleasure:goodfood,goodjobs,allthecomfortsthatmoneycanbuy.Ifwecouldn’thave

these,wemightaswellsitinfrontofthetelevisiononaquietevening.

Pleasureisanimportantpartofthequalityoflife,butbyitselfitdoesn’tbringhappiness.Whenpeoplethink

furtheraboutwhatmakesaworthylife,theytend(倾向于)tomovebeyondpleasantmemoriesandbeginto

rememberotherevents,otherexperiencesthatoverlap(有重叠)pleasurableonesbutfallintoagroupwitha

separatename:enjoyment.Enjoyableeventstakeplacewhenpeoplehavenotonlysatisfiedaneedormetsome

earlierexpectation,butalsoachievedsomethingunexpected.

Enjoymentischaracterizedbyasenseofcuriosity,ofachievement.Playingatennisgamethatimproves

one’sabilityisenjoyable,asisreadingabookthatshowsthingsinanewlight,asishavingaconversationthat

leadsustoexpressideaswedidn’tknowwehad.Noneoftheseexperiencesmaybeespeciallypleasurablewhen

theyaretakingplace,butwhenwethinkbackonthemafterwards,wewouldsay,“Thatreallywasfun”andwish

theywouldhappenagain.Afteranenjoyableeventweknowthatwehavechanged,andgrown.

Experiencesthatgivepleasurecanalsogiveenjoyment,butthetwofeelingsarequitedifferent.Forexample,

everybodytakespleasureineating.However,toenjoysfoodismoredifficult—youhavetopayenoughattention

toameal,soastosenseandtellitsvarioustastes.Asthisexamplesuggests,wecanexperiencepleasurewithout

anypsychicenergy,whileenjoymenthappensonlyasaresultoffullattention.Apersoncanfeelpleasurewithout

anyeffort,aslongascertainpartsinhisbrainarestimulated(刺激).Butit’simpossibletoenjoyatennisgameor

abookwithoutfullattention.It’sforthisreasonthatpleasuredoesnotlastlong,nordoesitmakeusgrow.Growth

requiresfullattentiontogoalsthatarenew,thatarerelativelychallenging.

Withoutenjoyment,lifewillgoon,anditcanevenbepleasant.Butitdependsheavilyonluckandthe

external(外部的)environment.Toachievepersonalcontroloverthequalityofexperience,however,weneedto

learnhowtobuildenjoymentintowhathappensdayin,dayout.

1．Youwillmostprobablyexperienceenjoymentwhenyou________.

A．buyexpensiveshoesB．orderadeliciousmeal

C．talkwithfriendsfornewideasD．sitquietlyinfrontofatelevision

2．Whatdoyouknowaboutpleasureandenjoymentfromthepassage?

A．Enjoymentgrowsoutofpleasure.

B．Pleasureandenjoymentcomehandinhand.

C．Pleasurableexperiencesarepartofenjoyableones.

D．Someexperiencesprovidebothpleasureandenjoyment.

3．Thewords“psychicenergy”inParagraph4areclosestinmeaningto____