主旨大意题（解题技巧）-2024年高考英语答题技巧与模板构建（解析版）

题型03主旨大意题

需高=♦常见题型解读

F）命题特点

主旨大意题在高考中出现次数稳定，通常1-2题，但题目具有一定难度。这类试题主要考查通过快

速浏览文章，获得主旨大意，并对文章的标题、主题、段落大意等进行归纳、概括的能力。

考查方向

主旨大意题题干关键词besttitle,mainidea/theme/subject,mainlyabout等。题目类型包括标题归纳

题、段落大意题、文章大意题。

R命题规律

1.段首、段尾处常考

2.转折词处常考

3.因果关系处常考

4.问题处常考

02

跟我学•解题思维剖析

主旨大意题解题思维

i.主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句

子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、论证或拓展。

2.一般说来说明文和议论都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。

3.不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句，抓每一段的主旨句，一般在段首。理清楚段与段之间逻辑关系

然后自己归纳总结。

模板1标题归纳题

1.简洁：短小精悍，多为短语，动名词短语或祈使句。

2.概括：概括全文、涵盖性强、体现主旨；

标题模板

3.针对：标题外延与文章内容相符，范围一致，不会以偏概全；

4.醒目：新颖奇特，激发读者的阅读兴趣；

1.正面思维肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，串联细节共同点，断定标题。；

2.逆向思维否定法：抛开原文，设想各个选项为“标题”用它们写出来的“文章”会是什

答题规律么内容，然后和原文章对照，依次排除不符选项；

3.研读备选项差异：研读四个选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、概括性等。

干扰项特点断章取义（仅为文中一细节）、以偏概全、物种生有、范围过大。

模板2段落大意题

结构法和关键词法

L总分：主题句在段首；

2.分总：主题句在段尾；

3.总分总：主题句段首尾前后呼应；

4.分总分：开头抛砖引玉，主题在段总；

5.关键词：抓住段落中出现频率较高的关键词，然后对其概括和归纳，确定段落大意。

答题规律主题句的判断

段首1.主题句多为段首第一句（观点或对象）；或第一句抛砖引玉引出第二句。

段尾2.主题句也常为段尾句（结论或总结）。

段中前面的话是为引出主题而摆出问题或现象。

无主题句没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己概括。重点提炼各个段落首句，兼顾尾句。

模板3文章大意题

四种方法巧利用

1.文体法：新闻报道主旨在第一句；说明文主旨在第一段或第二段；议论文主旨在首段或尾段；记叙文主

旨一般在尾段或首尾呼应。

2.主题句法：读文章标题；略读各段首尾句；读首段和尾端；读逻辑关联词后的句子内容。

3.高频词法：寻找文中出现频率较高的关键词。

4.概括法：中心主旨隐含在句子中，需要考生根据已知的细节归纳出文中的大意。

主题句特点

1.段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however,but,infact,actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。

2.首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。

3.作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。

4.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等词，通常是主旨。

命题点01标题归纳题

:【典例01】

（2023•浙江嘉兴•统考一模）

Itwasaquietmorninginthelibrary,andwelibrarianswereenjoyingaratherloudchat.Suddenly,apatron

（常客）marcheduptous,gaveusanannoyed“Shush!”andwentbacktoherseat.Howstrangeforagroupof

librarianstobeshushedbyapatron!Shouldn'titbetheotherwayaround?

Well,ifscomplicated.Ifyou'relikeme,amiddle-agedwoman,youprobablyrememberlibrariesasplacesof

silentreading.Thesedays,however,librariesaremorelikeactivecommunitycenters.

Inthepast,mostlibrariesdidn'tfocusmuchonprogramsforkidswhoseagemadeitimpossibleforthemtobe

quietondemand.Butgrowingknowledgeabouttheimportanceofkidsandteenslearningthroughhands-on

experienceshassincecausedaseachangeinhowlibrariesconnectwithyoungreaders.Nowlibrariesbegin

offeringinteractiveprogramsforkids,includingcrafts,boardgames,andstorytimes.Thesetypesofprograms

certainlyaren'tdesignedtobesilent.

Alongwithmoreprogramsforever-youngerchildren,technologytodayhasplayedapartinthetransformation

oflibrariesintoplaceswherebothkidsandadultscanusecomputers,makesomethingona3Dprinterandmore.In

addition,manylibrariesnowofferprogramsforadults,whocanparticipateininbookdiscussion,learncalligraphy,

andeventakecollegeclasses.

Ofcourse,librariesstillneedpeacefulphones.Thesedays,manylibrarieshaveglassed-offstudyroomsor

quietareas.Theyarealsolessnoisyintheearlyafternoons,aftermorningchildren'sprogramsandbeforethe

after-schoolkidcrowdarrive.

IfscleartomenowthatonthedaymycolleaguesandIwereshushedbyapatron,weshouldhavebeenusing

our“libraryvoices“aswetalked.Still,it'sunlikelythatlibrarieswilleverreturntothedayswhentheywereplaces

ofsilence.There5sjusttoomuchfunandlearninghappening.

46.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.LibrariesShouldbeLoudB.ReadingCanbeFuninLibraries

C.LibrariesMakeLearningHappenD.LibraryProgramsTargetChildren

【答案】46.A

【模板】简洁、概括、醒目、针对性。

【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章就现在图书馆提出自己观点一图书馆应是一个热闹的地方。运用答题规

律;E面思维在理解文章主旨的基础上，串联细节共同点，断定标题。由文章最后一段"It，sclearto

menowthatonthedaymycolleaguesandIwereshushedbyapatron,weshouldhavebeenusingour"library

voices9aswetalked.Still,it'sunlikelythatlibrarieswilleverreturntothedayswhentheywereplacesofsilence.

There'sjusttoomuchfirnandlearninghappening.（现在我很清楚，在我和同事们被一位常客嘘的那天，我们应

该在交谈时使用我们的‘图书馆声音尽管如此，图书馆不太可能再回到沉寂的时代。有太多的乐趣和学习

正在发生。）”以及上文可知，本文主要讲图书馆不应该一如既往是一个安静的地方，而应该变得热闹起来。

故选A项。

＜【典例02】

（2023•广东深圳•高三校考阶段练习）

Today,poetryandscienceareoftenconsideredtobemutuallyexclusivecareerpaths.Butthatwasn'talways

thecase.ThemathematicianAdaLovelaceandthephysicistJamesClerkMahwahwerebothaccomplishedpoets.

ThepoetJohnKeatswasalicensedsurgeon.Combiningthetwopracticesfelloutoffavorinthe1800s.But

translatingresearchintolyrics,haiku,andotherpoeticformsisresurging（再现）amongscientistsastheylookfor

alternativewaystoinspireotherswiththeirfindings.

“Poetryisagreattoolforquestioningtheworld,saysSamIllingworth,apoetandageoscientistwhoworks

attheUniversityofWesternAustralia.Throughworkshopsandanewscience-poetryjournal,calledConsilience,

Illingworthishelpingscientiststotranslatetheirlatestresultsintopoemsthatcanattractappreciationfromthose

outsideoftheirimmediatescientificfield.

StephanyMazon,ascientistfromtheUniversityofHelsinkiinFinland,joinedoneofIllingworth'sworkshops.

Intheworkshop,shewasgroupedwithotherscientistsandtaskedwithwritingahaiku,a17-syllable-longpoem,

whichspotlightedwater,afluidthatfeaturedinallofthegroupmembers9researchprojects."Itwasalotoffun,

andsurprisinglyeasytowritethepoem,^^Mazonsays.Sheplanstocontinuewriting.caWedoadisservice（伤害）to

ourselvestothinkthatscientistscan'tbeartisticandthatartcan'tbeuseatocommunicatescientificideas,Mazon

says.

ThatviewpointisechoedbyIllingworth,whothinkssciencecommunicationinitiativesaretoooften

dominatedbypubliclectureswiththeirhands-offPowerPointslides."Actually,whensciencecommunication

involveswritingandsharingpoems,itinvitesatwo-waydialoguebetweenexpertsandnonexperts,9,hesays.

Scientist-poetManjulaSilva,aneducatoratImperialCollegeLondon,agrees.Poetryprovidesawaytotranslate

complexscientificconceptsintoalanguagethateveryonecanunderstand,Silvasays.

Scientistsandpoetsarebothtryingtounderstandtheworldandcommunicatethatunderstandingwithothers.

Thedistinctionbetweenscientistsandpoetsislessthanpeoplemightthink.We'realljustpeoplewithhopefully

reallyinterestingthingstosayandtoshare.

39.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Poetry:AGreatTooltoQuestiontheWorld

B.ScientistsTakeonPoetry

C.ScienceCommunication:ATwo-wayDialogue

D.ScientistsandPoetsThinkAlike

【答案】39.B

【模板】运用“正面思维宜定法”,串联细节共同点，运用标题模板简洁、概括、醒目、针对性。

【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家和诗人之间的联系。文章提到了一些名人，以显示诗歌和科

学并不总是被认为是互相排斥的职业道路。

39.主旨大意题。文中提到了一些历史人物，如数学家AdaLovelace和物理学家JamesClerkMaxwell都

是杰出的诗人，说明诗歌和科学在过去并不是相互排斥的领域。但是在19世纪，将两种领域结合起来的做

法逐渐没落。现在，随着科学家们在寻找更多向外部人员灌输科研成果的方法，将研究成果转化为诗歌、

俳句等文学形式的做法再次流行起来。文章介绍了SamIllingworth学者和诗人的身份交替和新的科学诗歌

杂志Consilience,以及他如何鼓励科学家们将自己的成果转化为韵文和诗歌，从而向更广泛的受众灌输他

们的最新研究成果。此外，文章也引用了科学家ManjulaSilva的观点，认为诗歌为将复杂的科学概念转化

为大家都可以理解的语言提供了方便，综上，文章主要强调科学家开始研究诗歌（通过石刻的形式传播科

学）。B选项“科学家研究诗歌”最符合文章标题。故选B。

命题点02段落大意题

丁【典例01】

（2023•湖南长沙•高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）

Despitebeingconnectedonline,nomatterwhatstateyou'refrom,eachcitystillretainsitsownlanguageand

slang.AtmypublichighschoolinLosAngeles,wehadourownsecretlanguage.Apartywasa"yart”.Abeerwas

a“brewsky”.IfItriedtousethesewordsinfrontofanyonethatdidn'tliveinLosAngeles,theywouldhaveno

ideawhatwasgoingon.WhenIcametocollegeandusedthesewordsaroundmyroommatefromtheEastCoast,

shewouldlookatmewithablankstare.

Whetherthewaywetalkisregionalorfromonline,thesoulofcommunicationliesinitspowertoconnect

people,fosterunderstanding,andfacilitateinteractionsthatshapeourpersonalandsociallives.Ihaveoftenfound

ifsthewayweconnectwiththepeoplewelivearound.

58.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthelastparagraph?

A.Themeansofcommunication.B.Thenatureofcommunication.

C.Theelementsofcommunication.D.Theprocessofcommunication.

【答案】58.B

【模板】段落大意题。段首主题句+关键词。

［解析］根据“Whetherthewaywetalkisregionalorfromonline,thesoulofcommunicationliesinitspowerto

connectpeople,fosterunderstanding,andfacilitateinteractionsthatshapeourpersonalandsociallives.（无论我们

的谈话方式是地区性的还是网络性的，沟通的灵魂在于它能将人们联系起来，增进理解，促进互动，从而

塑造我们的个人和社会生活。）”可知，本段的关键词是“thesoulofcommunication”。故本段主要讲了沟通的

本质。故选B。

党【典例02】

（2023•浙江嘉兴•统考一模）

Inthepast,mostlibrariesdidn'tfocusmuchonprogramsforkidswhoseagemadeitimpossibleforthemtobe

quietondemand.Butgrowingknowledgeabouttheimportanceofkidsandteenslearningthroughhands-on

experienceshassincecausedaseachangeinhowlibrariesconnectwithyoungreaders.Nowlibrariesbegin

offeringinteractiveprogramsforkids,includingcrafts,boardgames,andstorytimes.Thesetypesofprograms

certainlyaren'tdesignedtobesilent.

44.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Thepastandthepresentoflibraries.B.Thereasonforthechangeoflibraries.

C.Theactivitiesforyoungchildreninlibraries.D.Theconnectionbetweenlibrariesandreaders.

【答案】44.B

【模板】段落大意题。段首主题句+关键词。

［解析］由第三段“Inthepast,mostlibrariesdidn'tfocusmuchonprogramsforkidswhoseagemadeit

impossibleforthemtobequietondemand.Butgrowingknowledgeabouttheimportanceofkidsandteens

learningthroughhands-onexperienceshassincecausedaseachangeinhowlibrariesconnectwithyoungreaders.

Nowlibrariesbeginofferinginteractiveprogramsforkids,includingcrafts,boardgames,andstorytimes.These

typesofprogramscertainlyaren'tdesignedtobesilent.（在过去，大多数图书馆都不太关注为孩子们提供的项目,

因为孩子们的年龄使他们无法按需保持安静。但是，人们越来越了解儿童和青少年通过亲身体验学习的重

要性，这导致图书馆与年轻读者的联系发生了翻天覆地的变化。现在，图书馆开始为孩子们提供互动节目，

包括手工艺品、棋盘游戏和故事时间。这些类型的程序当然不是为了静音而设计的。）”可知，本段主要讲图

书馆改变的原因。故选B项。

命题点03文章大意题

【典例】

（2023•河南驻马店•高三校联考阶段练习）

WehadfinallydecidedtoskipourtraditionalfamilydinnerandmakethetriptoMacy'sThanksgivingDay

ParadewhenKerrywas5.Likemanyotherfamilieswepackedasmallbackpackwithslicedturkeysandwiches

andjuiceboxes.Aftergettingoffthetrain,wewerewalkinguptotheentrancewhenKerryspottedahomeless

womansittingintheshadows,invisibletoallexceptmycuriousdaughter.

“What'sthat?”sheasked.LindaandIlookedateachother,worriedabouttheneedtoexplainsomethingvery

differentthanthehappyscenewewereabouttojoin.Duringourfirstyearsofparenthoodwe'ddiscussedhowwe

wouldexplainsuchtopicsaslife,death,andlove.Buthomelessness?Itcamesosuddenlythatwejustgaveas

simpleanexplanationaswecouldandcontinuedontotheparade.

Thefollowingyear,wedecidedtoattendtheparadeagain.SothenightbeforeThanksgivingwewent

shoppingforslicedturkeyforsandwiches.4<Canwebringsomesandwichesforthosepeople?”sheinquired,Again,

Kerrycaughtusoffguard.^cWhy?^^wasmyfirstreaction.Butweknewimmediatelywhomshemeant.Howcould

werefuse?Whywouldwerefuse?ThiswasagoldenopportunitytohonorKerry'ssenseofcharity.Six-year-old

Kerrywasteachingusanimportantlesson.Thatnightwepreparedandpackedtwo-dozensandwichesintoournow

overstuffedbackpack.

ScanningtheshadowsafterreachingManhattanagain,Kerryspottedahomelessmansittinginthesamespot

aslastyear.Westoppedandtookoutthefirstofthelittlefeastsfromthepack.Withoutawordofinstruction,we

handedittoKerry.Shewalkedovertothemanslowly,handingthesandwichtohim.Neitherspokeaword.Then

wewereofftotheparade,stoppingalongthewaytodistributetherestofthesandwiches,exceptoneforeachofus.

Somehow,nogiantThanksgivingsit-downfeastevertastedasgoodasthosesandwiches.Overthenext

decadewedidthesamethingsagainandagain.Afterall,there?snothinglikesharingaturkeysandwichwithnew

friends.

8.WhatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellusaboutThanksgiving?

A.Ifsawordofaction.B.Ifsanoldtradition.

C.Ifsagoodtimeofreunion.D.It^asurprisingfeast.

【答案】8.A

［模板】利用“文体法”，兼顾“主题句法”一?记叙文主旨一般在尾段。

【解析】主章大意题。本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家人在女儿Kerry五岁的时候，去梅西百

货的感恩节游行，发现了一个无家可归的女人。从此以后的感恩节，作者一家都会把火鸡三明治带给那些

无家可回的人。根据文章最后——段"Overthenextdecadewedidthesamethingsagainandagain.Afterall,there's

nothinglikesharingaturkeysandwichwithnewfriends.（在接下来的十年里，我们一次又一次地做着同样的事

情。毕竟，没有什么比和新朋友分享火鸡三明治更好的了户可知，感恩是一句要付诸行动的话。故选A项。

唱焦S•知识迁移强化

L（2023•河南驻马店•高三校联考阶段练习）

Fallenleavesareeverywhereaswintercomes.Traditionally,peoplesweepupthefallenleaves,putthemin

bagsandsendthemtolandfills.Butthereisagrowingmovementtoleaveleavesontheground.They511naturally

breakdownoverthewinterintorichorganicmatter.Thematteralsoshelterssomeinsects.

Butsomeleavespreventthegrowthofotherplants.Blackwalnut（黑胡桃），forexample,containsapoisonin

itsleavesthatkillsmanyplants,includingapples,peppers,tomatoesandpotatoes.Besides,wholeleavesshouldnot

bepermittedtoremainonwalkways,wheretheycouldmakethepathdangerouslyslippery.Theyshouldalsonotbe

leftongrasslawns,wheretheyarelikelytocausedisease.Inareasthatexperiencesnowcover,waterwould

becometrappedbetweengrassandleaves.Inareaswithoutsnow,wholeleavesthatcovergrassesblockwaterand

sunlightfromreachingthesoilbelow.

Manypeoplechoosetobreakuptheleavesusingamachineandletthepiecesfallbetweenpiecesofgrass.

Thenthepiecesbreakdownfurtherinthesoil.However,thistreatmentcankillinsectsandtheireggs.

Anothermethodistotaketheleavesoffthelawnandspreadthemlightlytocovergardenbeds.Theleaves

mostlybreakdownbyspringandalmostentirelybysummer.Butifnot,theyshouldberemovedbeforespring

growthbegins.

Leavesalsocanbeusedtomakeleafmold（腐叶土），atypeoffertilizermadeentirelyfromleaves.Justputthe

leavesinacomer,addnitrogenfertilizer（氮月巴），andthenwaterthemtokeepthemwetinside.Itmaytakeayearor

two,buttheleaveswillbreakdownintoanutritioussoil.

Fallenleavesbuildrichsoil,protectplantrootsandshelterwildlife,inyourgarden,andelsewhere.Done

correctly,leavingtheleavesisoneofthebestwaystoturnyardwasteintofreefertilizer,whichisgoodforplants,

theenvironment,andsavingmoney.Whywastethatimportantresource?

31.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.HowCanFallenLeavesBeTurnedintoArt?B.DoLeavesFalltotheGroundAroundtheRoots?

C.ShouldYou"LeavetheLeaves^^ontheGround?D.WillWhatComesfromLeavesReturntotheSoil?

【答案】31.C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们对于落叶的不同处理方式，指出如果处理得当，留下树叶

是将院子里的垃圾转化为免费肥料的最好方法之一，这对植物、环境和省钱都有好处。

31.主旨大意题。根据第一段"Fallenleavesareeverywhereaswintercomes.Traditionally,peoplesweepupthe

fallenleaves,puttheminbagsandsendthemtolandfills.Butthereisagrowingmovementtoleaveleavesonthe

ground.They'llnaturallybreakdownoverthewinterintorichorganicmatter.Thematteralsoshelterssome

insects.（冬天来了，到处都是落叶。传统上，人们把落叶扫起来，装进袋子，然后送到垃圾填埋场。但是在

地面上留下树叶的运动越来越多。它们会在冬天自然分解成丰富的有机物。这种物质也庇护了一些昆虫）”

结合文章主要说明了人们对于落叶的不同处理方式，指出如果处理得当，留下树叶是将院子里的垃圾转化

为免费肥料的最好方法之一，这对植物、环境和省钱都有好处。故C选项“你应该“把树叶”留在地上吗？”

符合文章标题。故选C。

2.（2023•宁夏银川•高三银川唐徐回民中学校考）

LanguageslikeItalianorFinnishcanbespelledmoreeasilybecauseeachletterofthealphabetmatchestoone

sound.Studentsstudyingtheselanguagescanhave90percentreadingaccuracyafterthefirstyear.However,

studentsevenafteryearsoflearningEnglisharestillfarbelowItalianorFinnishstudentsinreadingaccuracy.

EnglishstartedasaGermaniclanguage.ItismostcloselyconnectedtoGermanandDutch,especiallyin

grammarandbasicvocabulary.DuringtheNormaninvasioninthe12thcentury,OldEnglishwasspokenbut

Frenchwasusedingovernmentandlegaldocuments.AndLatinwasusedinreligiousandeducationalactivities.As

aresult,moreFrenchandLatinwordsenteredtheEnglishlanguage.Theprintingpressinventedinthelate1400s

helpedtoestablishEnglishspelling.TheEnglishoftodayishowthelanguagewaswrittenatthetime.However,

thespokenlanguagestartedtochangeinthe1500swiththepronunciationofalllongvowels（元音）.Forexample,

“bite”waspronouncedcloserto"beet"inthe1400s,beforechangingthroughtheyearstoitscurrentsound.The

effectwasthattheEnglishlanguagehadoldspellings,butnewsounds.

Englishhas26lettersinthealphabet,butover44individualsoundsdependingonthevariationofspoken

English.Thereareseveralsoundsrepresentedbyonlyoneletter.Forexample,theletter"C"cansoundlikean"S"

asin"city”.Anditalsosoundslikea"K"asin"cat”.

Thereareonly5or6vowellettersintheEnglishalphabet.TheyincludeA,E,I,O,U,andsometimesY.But

thereare20differentwaystosoundthem.Atthecentreisthemostcommonvowelsoundof"uhhh”.Itisthemost

relaxedandnaturalsound.Ittakesalmostnoeffortofthetongueorthroattocreatethesound.Sinceittakeslittle

effort,thesound"uhhh"oftenmakesitswayintopronunciations.Forexample,theword“please“oftenturnsinto

“PUH-lease“whensomeoneistryingtocallattention.ThisisanotherreasonwhyspellinginEnglishissodifficult!

25.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.ThecomplexhistoryofEnglish.

B.TheformationofmodernEnglish.

C.TheinfluenceofEnglishonotherlanguages.

D.FactorspromotingthedevelopmentofEnglish.

【答案】25.A

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英语拼写困难的原因。

25.主旨大意题。根据第二段"EnglishstartedasaGermaniclanguage.（英语起源于日耳曼语）"和"Duringthe

Normaninvasioninthe12thcentury,OldEnglishwasspokenbutFrenchwasusedingovernmentandlegal

documents.（在12世纪诺曼人入侵期间，人们说古英语，但在政府和法律文件中使用法语）”以及“Theprinting

pressinventedinthelate1400shelpedtoestablishEnglishspelling.TheEnglishoftodayishowthelanguagewas

writtenatthetime.However,thespokenlanguagestartedtochangeinthe1500swiththepronunciationofalllong

vowels.（15世纪后期发明的印刷机帮助确立了英语的拼写。今天的英语是当时的书写方式。然而，口语在

16世纪开始发生变化，所有长元音的发音都发生了变化）”可知，第二段按照时间年份介绍了英语复杂的发

展历史。故选A。

3.（2023•福建•高三校联考期中）

Imagineyoucanopenyourfridge,openanapponyourphoneandimmediatelyknowwhichitemswillgobad

soon.ThisisoneoftheapplicationsthatanewtechnologydevelopedbyengineersattheUniversityofCalifornia

SanDiegowouldenable.

Thetechnologycombinesachip（芯片）integratedintoproductpackagingandasoftwareupdateonyour

phone.Thephonebecomescapableofidentifyingobjectsbasedonsignalsthechipsendsoutfromspecific

frequencies,inthiscaseBluetoothorWiFi.Inanindustrialsetting,asmartphoneequippedwiththesoftwareupdate

couldbeusedasaradiofrequencyidentification（RFID）reader.

Theworkusesbreakthroughsinbackscatter（反向散射）communication,whichusessignalsalreadygenerated

byyoursmartphoneandre-directsthembackinaformatyourphonecanunderstand.Effectively,thistechnique

useslesspowerthanthelatesttechnologytogenerateWiFisignals.

Thecustomchip,whichisroughlythesizeofagrainofsandandcostsonlyafewpenniestoproduce,needs

solittlepowerthatitcanbeentirelypoweredbyLTEsignals,atechniqueforwirelessbroadbandcommunication

formobiledevices.ThechipturnsBluetoothsignalsintoWiFisignals,whichcaninturnbedetectedbya

smartphonewiththatspecificsoftwareupdate.

Thetechnology'sbroaderpromiseisthedevelopmentofdevicesthatdonotneedbatteriesbecausetheycan

harvestpowerfromLTEsignalsinstead.Thisinturnwouldleadtodevicesthataresignificantlylessexpensivethat

lastlonger,saidDineshBharadia,oneofthepaper'sseniorauthors.

“E-waste,especiallybatteries,isoneofthebiggestproblemstheplanetisfacing,afterclimatechange,9,

Bharadiasaid.

Forfutureresearch,theteamwillintegratethistechnologyintootherprojectstodemonstrateitscapabilities,

andtheyalsohopetocommercializeit,eitherthroughastartuporthroughanindustrypartner.

16.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.NewtechnologyturnssmartphonesintoRFIDreaders

B.Smartphonesneedtobeequippedwithsoftupdates

C.RFIDreadersobtainnewchipsandhavenewfunctions

D.Backscattercommunicationmakesthebestofsmartphones

【答案】16.A

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了加州大学圣地亚哥分校的工程师们开发的一种新技术，该技术

结合了集成在产品包装中的芯片和手机上的软件更新，使人们可以通过打开冰箱或手机应用程序立即知道

哪些物品即将变质。文章介绍了这项技术的原理、应用和未来发展。

16.主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“ImagineyoucanopenyourfHdge,openanapponyourphoneand

immediatelyknowwhichitemswillgobadsoon.(想象一下，你可以打开冰箱，打开手机上的一个应用程序，

立即知道哪些食物很快就会变质。)”和第二段中“Thetechnologycombinesachip(芯片)integratedintoproduct

packagingandasoftwareupdateonyourphone.Thephonebecomescapableofidentifyingobjectsbasedon

signalsthechipsendsoutfromspecificfrequencies,inthiscaseBluetoothorWiFi.Inanindustrialsetting,a

smartphoneequippedwiththesoftwareupdatecouldbeusedasaradiofrequencyidentification(RFID)reader.(这

项技术结合了集成在产品包装中的芯片和手机上的软件更新。手机可以根据芯片从特定频率发出的信号来

识别物体，在这种情况下是蓝牙或WiFi。在工业环境中，安装了软件更新的智能手机可以用作射频识别(RFID)

阅读器。广可知，文章介绍了一项新的技术可以将手机变成射频识别(RFID)阅读器。因此“新技术将智能手

机变成RFID阅读器”是文章最佳标题。故选A项。

4.（2023•河北•高三泊头市第一中学校联考期中）

Researchhasfoundthatusingwoodforconstructioninsteadofconcreteandsteelcanreduceemissions.But

TimSearchingeratPrincetonUniversitysaysmanyofthesestudiesarebasedonthefalsefoundationthat

harvestingwoodiscarbonneutral（碳中和）.“Onlyasmallpercentageofthewoodgetsintoatimber（木料）

product,andapartofthatgetsintoatimberproductthatcanreplaceconcreteandsteelinabuilding,9,hesays.

Efficienciesvaryindifferentcountries,butlargeamountsofaharvestedtreearelefttobedividedintoparts,used

inshort-livedproductslikepaperorburnedforenergy,allofwhichgenerateemissions.

InareportfortheWorldResourcesInstitute,Searchingerandhiscolleagueshavemodelledhowusingmore

woodforconstructionwouldaffectemissionsbetween2010and2050,accountingfortheemissionsfrom

harvestingthewood.Theyconsideredvarioustypesofforestsandpartsofwoodgoingtowardsconstruction.They

alsofactoredintheemissionssavingsfromreplacingconcreteandsteel.

Undersomecircumstances,theresearchersfoundsignificantemissionsreductions.Buteachcaserequired

whattheyconsideredanunrealisticallyhighportionofthewoodgoingtowardsconstruction,aswellasrapid

growthonlyseeninwarmerplaces,likeBrazil.Ingeneral,theyfoundalargeincreaseinglobaldemandforwood

wouldprobablyleadtorisingemissionsfordecades.Accountingforemissionsinthisway,theresearchersreported

inarelatedpaperthatincreasingforestharvestsbetween2010and2050wouldaddemissionsequaltoroughly10

percentoftotalannualemissions.

AliAmiriatAaltoUniversityinFinlandsaysthereporfsconclusionsaboutemissionsfromrisingdemandare

probablycorrect,butthestoryisdifferentforwoodwealreadyharvest."Boostingtheefficiencyofcurrentharvests

andusingmorewoodforlongerlivedpurposesthanpaperwouldcutemissions,hesays."Wecannotjustsaywe

shouldstopusingwood.^^

10.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Theprocessofthenewresearch.B.Thebackgroundofthenewstudy.

C.Thechallengeofthenewresearch.D.Theachievementsofthenewstudy.

【答案】10.A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，用木材建造的建筑可能并不像想象中的那么环保。

10.主旨大意题。由第二段“InareportfortheWorldResourcesInstitute,Searchingerandhiscolleagueshave

modelledhowusingmorewoodforconstructionwouldaffectemissionsbetween2010and2050,accountingfor

theemissionsfromharvestingthewood.Theyconsideredvarioustypesofforestsandpartsofwoodgoingtowards

construction.Theyalsofactoredintheemissionssavingsfromreplacingconcreteandsteel.（在世界资源研究所的

一份报告中，Searchinger和他的同事们模拟了2010年至2050年间，使用更多的木材进行建筑将如何影响

排放，并考虑到了砍伐木材的排放量。他们考虑了各种类型的森林和用于建筑的部分木材。他们还考虑到

了更换混凝土和钢材所节省的排放量）”可知，第二段主要介绍新研究的过程。故选A项。

5.（2023•福建泉州•高三校考期中）

IT9SATYPICALmorning:youwakeup,takeashower,brushyourteeth,andthenprick（刺；扎）yourarm

withatinyneedle.Wait,what?Unlessyouhaveaseriousdiseasesuchasdiabetes,youprobablyhaven'tevertested

yourownblood.Butinthefuture,thatmightchange.

ThecompanyCoralreadysellsasystemforhomebloodtesting.Youstickyourarmusingasupposedly

painless,one-off,blood-drawingcartridge（针筒）aboutthesizeofalipstick.Thenyoustickthecartridgeintoa

devicethatlookslikethebaseforanelectrictoothbrush.Afewminuteslater,anapponyourphonebuzzeswith

updatedinformation,includingyourcurrenthealthdataandtipsonwhattoeatandhowtoexerciseduringtheday.

Ifstruethatbloodcontainsawealthofinformationaboutaperson'shealth.Bloodtestscanshowifapersonis

infectedwithadiseaseoratriskforavarietyofproblems,includingaheartattackorastroke.Butmostpeople

don'ttesttheirownblooduntiladoctorsaysit'stime.Healthyyoungadultsgetregularbloodtestsabouteveryfive

years.Thesetestshappenatalab,whereatechnicianoranursesticksalongneedleintothearmtodrawout

severaltubesfullofblood.Corandsimilarcompanies,suchasWellnessFX,aretryingtochangeallthat.They

thinkpeopledeserveaccesstomore