八年级下英语第一二单元知识点总结及联系【人教版】

八年级下英语第一二单元知识点总结及联系【人教版】（可编辑）Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?词汇(1)人民教育出版社?1.fall?v.?comeorgodownfromforceofweight,lossofbalance,etc;drop;become?落下;跌落;变成示例Thebookfellofftheshelf.这本书从架子上掉了下来。用法fall用作动词时,主要有两种用法。一种是作为实义动词,可以和介词或副词搭配,表示“落下;跌落”,例如:Ifellbackinmychair.我跌坐到自己的椅子上。另一种是作为系动词,与形容词连用,表示进入某种状态,如:fallasleep入睡(进入睡眠的状态)。fall的动词过去式是fallen。fall用作名词时,表示“落下;降低”,例如:Isatlisteningtothefalloftherainontheroof.我坐着听雨点落在屋檐上的声音。fall还可以表示“秋天”,与autumn意思相同。词汇扩展常用搭配:fallasleep入睡fallbehind落后于(某人或某物)falldown跌落?fallinlovewith喜爱;爱上?falloff掉下fallover跌落;被绊倒谚语:Hewhodoesnotadvancefallsbackward.不进则退。Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄兵必败。2.alone?advWithoutanycompanions?独自地;孤独地示例?Idon'tlikegoingoutaloneafterdark.我不愿意天黑后独自外出。用法解析along和lonely:(1)alone既可用作形容词,又可用作副词,意思是“独自的(地);单独的(地)”,侧重于说明独自一人,没有同伴或助手。alone和onone'sown,byoneself意思相近。alone用作形容词时,一般与be动词连用,在句中作表语。例如:Sheisaloneathome.她独自一人在家。alone用作副词修饰动词时,放在动词后面作状语。例如:Iliketoworkalone.我喜欢独自一人工作。alone用作副词时,也可作定语,意思是“只有;仅仅”,但必须置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后。例如:Thisyearalone,we'vealreadyplantedtenthousandtrees.仅是今年,我们已经载了一万颗树。(2)lonely只用作形容词,它在句中既可作定语,也可作表语,表示“孤独的;寂寞的”。该词带有“孤寂”的感情色彩。用作定语时,意思为“孤单的;荒凉的;偏僻的”等。例如:That'salonelyisland.那是一个荒凉的岛屿。Lonely用作表语时,可以表示“孤寂的;寂寞的”。例如:IwasalonebutIdidn'tfeellonely.我独自一人,但我并不感到孤独。词汇拓展常用搭配:let/leavesomebody/somethingalone不干涉某人或某物;听其自然?letalone不管;不必考虑谚语:Anevilchanceseldomcomesalone.祸不单行3.dress?v.?putclothesonyourselforsomeoneelse?穿衣示例Issheoldenoughtodressherselfyet?她会自己穿衣服了吗?用法dress还可以用作名词,表示“女服;连衣裙;服装”。例如:Maryworealongreddresslastevening.玛丽昨晚穿了件红色的连衣长裙。辨析dress,puton和wear:(1)用作动词时,dress既可以表动作,也可以表状态,常用人作宾语,意思是“„„穿衣服”,例如:Sheisonlyagirlofthree.Shecan'tdressherself.她只是一个三岁的女孩,她还不能自己穿衣服。需要注意的是,在表示“给自己穿衣”时,我们通常说dressoneselfgetdressed;当dress表示状态时,一般要用bedressedin结构,例如:Shewasdressedinaredcoat.她穿着一件红色的上衣。(2)puton意思是“穿(戴)上”,强调动作。例如:Heputonhiscoatandwentout.他穿上大衣就出去了。(3)wear意思是“穿(戴)着”,强调状态。例如:Lucy'smotheroftenwearsapairofglasses.露西的母亲常常戴着一副眼镜。词汇扩展常用搭配:dresssomebodyupinsomething/assomebodyorsomething化妆打扮谚语:Eattopleasemyself,butdresstopleaseothers.吃是使自己受用,穿是使别人受用。Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?词汇(2)人民教育出版社1.unpleasant?adj.notpleasant;notenjoyable?使人不愉快的;不合意的示例Thereisanunpleasantsmellfromthisroom.这屋子里散发出一种难闻的气味。用法unpleasant可以表示“令人不快的;讨厌的”,例如:Ifoundhismannerveryunpleasant.我觉得他的态度讨厌极了。词汇拓展相关词:unpleasantly?adv.?厌恶地反义词:pleasant?adj.?令人愉快的记忆导航unpleasant是由pleasant加上否定前缀un-构成的。类似这种构词法的词还有:able有能力的??unable没有能力的;happy高兴的??unhappy不高兴的。2.hundred?n.thenumber100;averylargenumberofthingsorpeople?(一)百;许多(事物或人)示例Thetreewasprobablyahundredyearsold.这棵树可能已经有一百年了。Hundredsofpeopleattendedthefamousdirector'sfarewellconcert.好几百人出席了这位著名指挥家的告别音乐会。用法hundred用于数词或含有数量意义的词之后,一般不用复数形式,例如:threehundred,afewhundred等。但当hundred表示“成百的;许多的”意思时,它面前不用具体数字,而常用hundredsof结构。注意hundred在这个结构中要用复数形式,前面可加some,afew,several等词修饰。例如:Hercoatcosthundredsofdollars.她的大衣价值几百美元。类似的搭配还有thousandsof数以千计的;许多的,millionsof数以百万计的;无数的。词汇拓展谚语:Onegoodheadisbetterthanahundredstronghands.上百双有力的手,不如一个聪明的头脑。Tohearahundredtimesisnotsogoodastoseeonce.百闻不如一见。3.such?adj.?ofthesamekindasthethingorpersonwhichhasalreadybeenmentioned?这(那)样的;这(那)种示例Henoticedhernecklace.Suchjewelsmusthavecostalot,hethought.他注意到了她的项链。他想,这样的首饰肯定价格不菲。用法辨析such和so:(1)such是形容词,意思是“这(那)样的;这(那)种;如此的”,修饰名词。例如:Ihaveneverseensuchabeautifulplacebefore.我从未见过这么美的地方。需要特别注意的是,such修饰单数可数名词时,应该按照如下词序:such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词。(2)so是副词,意思是“这(那)么;这(那)样;如此地”,修饰形容词、副词和分词。例如:Ihaveneverseensobeautifulaplacebefore.我从未见过这么美的地方。同样,需要特别注意的是,so修饰单数可数名词时,应该按照如下词序:so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词。此外,当名词前有few,many,little,much等修饰词时,要用so。例如:somanypeople,sofewdays,somuchtime,solittlemoney等。词汇拓展常用搭配:suchas例如suchandsuch某某;这样那样的谚语:There'snosuchthingasafreelunch.世上没有免费的午餐。Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?词汇(3)人民教育出版社1.inprep在„„之后(用于将来时)in100years?在一百年后Peoplewillhaverobotsintheirhomesin100years.一百年以后,人们家中会有机器人。比较:after在„„之后(用于过去时,表示从过去某时间起一段时间之后)Hewillcomebackintwohours.他两小时后会回来。Hecamebackaftertwohours.他是两小时后回来的。?2.less,fewer比较少;more比较多less是little的比较级,修饰不可数名词?fewer是few的比较级,修饰可数名词?more是much和many的比较级much修饰不可数名词,many修饰可数名词Ihavelessmoneythanhehas.我的钱比他的少。Therearemorebuildinginthiscitythaninthatcity.这个城市的楼房比那个城市多。?3.fallinlovewith?爱上„„LastyearIvisitedtheartexhibitionandfellinlovewiththeworkofPicasso.去年我参观了艺术展,爱上了毕加索的作品。4.akindof?一种;somekindsof?几种akindofbook一种书fivekindsofflowers五种花manydifferentkindsofgoldfish各种不同的金鱼(fish单复数相同,此处是复数)5.aswellas?也;与too同义Helikesthisbookandhelikesthatbook,too./Helikesthisbookaswellasthatbook.他喜欢这本书,也喜欢那本书。Shecancomehere,too./Shecancomehereaswell.她也能来。6.worthadj值„„;值得„„;相当于„„价值Thishouseisworth$10000这个房子价值一万美元。?bewellworthdoingsth.?(很)值得做Thatfilmiswellworthseeing那部电影(很)值得看。Thesebooksareworthreadingtwice这几本书值得看两遍。7.knockdown击倒,撞倒;拆除knockdownthepins?击倒球柱?knockdownthemachine?拆除机器?knock?组成的词语还有:?knockonatthedoor?敲门?knockintosb.?撞了某人knockup?叫醒Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?词汇(4)人民教育出版社?1.predictionn预言,预测predictvpredict+that后接从句,如Theweatherforecastpredictssunshinefortomorrow天气预告说明天阳光明媚。Ipredictthathewillwin我预测他会赢。2.papermoneypapern纸,纸张,是不可数名词,如apieceofpaper。papermoney中paper是名词做定语,表材质,只用单数。newspaper?n.?报纸,可数名词3.spacen表示“宇宙,空间时”,不可数名词;通常前面不用冠词。Therearemanystarsinouterspace在太空中有很多恒星。Travelthroughspacetootherplanetsinterestsmanypeople.现在很多人对穿越太空去其他星球旅行感兴趣。4.besidesprep?除了„„还;相当于aswellas,inadditionto。如:Besidesbasketball,healsoplayssoccerwell.除了打篮球以外,他踢足球也踢得很好。AllofuspassedbesidesJohn.除了约翰外,我们也都及格了。IalsowenttherebesidesMary.除了玛丽我也去了。Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?语言要点广东省教育厅教研室1.---WhatdoyouthinkSallywillbeinfiveyears?---Ithinkshe'llbeadoctor2.---Whatdoyouthinklifewillbelikein100years?---Everyhomewillhavearobot3.---Willkidsgotoschool?---No,theywon't.They'llstudyathome4.---Therewillbefewertrees5.robot,creditcard,leisuretime,pollution,astronaut,apartment,rockets,spacestation,moon,fewer,less,fallinlovewith,WorldCup,inthefuture,thesameas,helpwithUnit1Willpeoplehaverobot?写作人民教育出版社?学校要举办Myfutureisnotadream.的演讲比赛,请你写一篇演讲稿参加比赛。参考句型及词汇:Intenyearsormore,Iwill.try,studyhard,keepfit,workwell,makeachievement,achievesuccess.写作点拨:写演讲稿时应注意:1.就本文来说可先描述对未来的畅想,然后写为了实现这样的梦想应该如何去做,最后表明自己的决心。2.畅想未来时,应用一般讲来时。参考范文:MyFutureisnotadream.Future!Whatanexcitingword!VeryoftenIaskmyself:"Whatwillthefuturebelike?"SometimesIsitatmydesk,daydreaming.CouldImakegreatachievementinthefuture?Willmyfuturebeabedofrose?CanIgraspthechanceswhentheycometome?Intenyearsormore,willIbeworkingasascientist,ateacherorasoldier?Afterwork,whatotherthingscanIdo?MaybeIcangotomanyplacesandseetheworld.AndI'llhavemoreleisurehoursforbooks.TherearesomanybooksIwanttoread.I'llgoswimmingintherealsea,andtoskateonrealice!Facingthefuture,Icouldn'thelpfeelingexcited.Asajuniormiddleschoolstudent,firstofallImuststudyhard,keepfitandworkwell.Furthermore,IwilllearnEnglishwell.I'lldomybestandI'msureI'llachievesuccess.Ifeelconfidentformyfuture.?Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?阅读(1)人民教育出版社ReadthefollowingpassageandChoosethebestanswers.读短文,选择最佳答案。?Peoplebegantomakerobotsaboutseveralhundredyearsago.Inthepast,someoftheearlyoneslookedlikeanimalsorhumans.However,theycouldn'ttalkandwereprettydumb.Theyworkedlikeclocksanddidthesamethingsoverandover.?Nowmodernrobotsdon'talwayslooklikepeople.Somearelikebigmachines;othersarenothingbutlongarmsattachedtoboxy箱子般四方bodies.However,modernrobotsaresmart.Somecansolveproblemsontheirown.Theirbrainsarecomputersandtheireyesaresensors传感器.Motors发动机helpthemmove.?Inthefuture,robotswilllearnfromtheirmistakesmorethantheydonow.Theywillbesmarter.It'spossiblethatwewillhaverobotjudges,robothouse-holdworkers,androbotfactoryworkers.Robotswillhelppeopletodomorethings.?1.Howlongisthehistoryofrobots??A.Hundredsofyears.B.Severalhundredyears.C.Sevenhundredsyears.2.What'sthepossiblemeaningof"dumb"A.Talkinglikepeople.?B.Clever.C.Unintelligent.3.Mostrobotslooklikepeople.A.Inthepast.?B.Now.C.Inthefuture.4.Whichofthefollowingisfalseaboutmodernrobots?A.Somerobotscansolveproblemsontheirown.B.Somerobotsarelikebigmachines.C.Somerobots'brainsaresensors.5.Whatcan'trobotsdointhefutureaccordingtothepassage?A.Theycanhelppeopledohousework.B.Theycanworkinfactory.C.Theycanhavebrainsaspeople.参考答案:1.B?2.C?3.A?4.C?5.CUnit1Willpeoplehaverobots?阅读(2)人民教育出版社WriteTfortrueorFforfaIseforeachsentenceaccordingtothepassage.根据短文判断对错。?Robotsseemverynewtomostpeople.Buttheyhavealonghistory.ThefirstonewasmadebyaGreekinventor.Youmayseerobotsinsomefilms.Therobotsinthesefilmsarestronger,fasterandclevererthanpeople.Inreallife,mostrobotsareusedinfactories.Theyareusedtodomanydangerous,difficultorboringjobs.Somepeoplecan'tlookafterthemselvesandrobotsareusedtohelpthem.Forexample,somepeoplecan'tsee,manyofthesepeopleuseadogtohelpthemselvesmovearound.Thisdogiscalledaguidedog.Scientistsaremakingarobottohelpthem.Inthefuture,robotdogsmighttaketheplaceoftheseguidedogs?RobotsarealsousedinAmericanhospitals.Atonehospital,arobottakesmealsfromthekitchentothesickpeople'srooms.Itneverlosesitswaybecauseithasamapofthehospitalinitscomputersystem?Inthefuture,robotswillworkinspace.Butrobotswillnevertaketheplaceofhumanhelp.Theycan,however,helpUSinalotofdifferentways?1.Robotshavealonghistory.2.ThefirstrobotwasinventedbyaGreek.3.Robotscanonlybeseeninfilms.4。Robotscanhelpsomepeoplelookafterthemselves.5.Today'srobotshavequiteafewdifferentuses.6.ArobotcooksmealsforthesickpeopleatanAmericanhospital.7.Robotscanhelphumansalotbothnowandinthefuture?参考答案:?1.T2.T3.F4.T?5.T6.F7.TUnit1Willpeoplehaverobots?测试人民教育出版社?.VocabularyChoosethephrasestofillintheblanks,accordingtothesentences.A.in2008B.morepeopleC.fewerholidaysD.morefreshairE.afterwefinishmiddleschoolF.tenyearsfromnowG.lesspollutionH.betterhospitalsI.inthefutureJ.nextyearA:Whatdoyouthinkourcitywillbelike________/________/________/________/________?B:Therewillbe________/________/________/________?.Choosethecorrectanswers.1.Ithinkkidswillstudyathomeoncomputers?tenyears.A.atB.forC.afterD.in2.Hurryup!Thetrain?intwominutes.?A.goB.wentC.willgoD.goes3.Myfatherwas?thanheisnow.A.thinner?B.thinC.lessD.few4.Theboy?offthebikeandhurthislegyesterday.??A.fallB.fellC.fallsD.willfall5.Ihave?homeworktodothanyou.A.muchlessB.muchC.verylittle?D.fewer6.Doyoulikeplaying?footballorplaying?violin?A.the,the??B.the,/C./,theD./,/7.IthinkthatEngland?nexttime.?A.willwin??B.wonC.iswinning?D.wins8.Hismother?inavillagefiveyearsago.A.livesB.livedC.isliving??D.willlive9.seemsveryhardtoworkoutthisproblem.?A.ThatB.ThisC.ID.It10.Thereisonlytime?left.Wemusthurry.A.LittleB.a1ittleC.fewD.afew?.Formsentences.1.1ess,in,will,years,there,pollution,be,1002.won't,be,any,there,money,paper.3.will,there,time,more,leisure,be.4.the,which,win,World,country,will,next,Cup?5.think,you,weather,what,the,do,like,will,be,tomorrow??.Fillintheblankswiththesephrases.like,?worth,?interesting,?more,less,creditcard,?spacestation,aswellas1.Iwillbeareporterandmeetmany?people.2.Aistheplacetoliveinspace.3.Everyonewillhaveatobuythingsin100years.4.TheworkofPicassoiswellbuying.5.Whatwillyour1ifebeintenyears?6.Skiingisinterestingexciting.7.Therewillbemoneycomingtothetsunami海啸area.8.IhaveleisuretimethistermbecauseIhavealotofhomework.V.ReadingcomprehensionATomandFredaretalkingabouttheyear2020."Whatwillourworldbelikeintheyear2020?""Idon'tknow."saysFred."Whatdoyouthink?""Well,nooneknows,butIt'sinterestingtoguess.""Intheyear2020everyonewillcarryapocketcomputer.Thecomputerwillgivepeopletheanswerstoalltheirproblems.Weshallallhavetelephonesinourpockets,too,andwe'llbeabletotalktoourfriendsallovertheworld.Perhapswe'llbeabletoseethematthesametime.""Alotofpeoplewillliveandworkunderthesea.Perhapstherewillbebigtowns,factoriesandfarmsunderthesea,too.""Machineswilldomostofthework,andsopeoplewillhavemoreholidays,perhapsthey'llworkonlytwoorthreedaysaweek.They'llbeabletoflytothemoonbyspaceshipandspendtheirholidaysthere.""I'mlookingforward期待totheyear2020.Ihopetogotothemoon!""AndIhopeI'llbeabletoliveunderthesea."saysFred."Won'tthatbeveryinteresting?Justlikeafish!"1.TomandFredtalkedabout??.?A.theirschoollifeB.someinterestingnews?C.theirlifeinthepastD.theirlifeinthefuture2.Machineswill??.?A.domostoftheworkinsteadofpeople?B.dosomeoftheworkinsteadofpeople?C.doasmuchworkaspeople?D.doas1ittleworkaspeople3.Fromtheirtalk,weknowthat?.?A.onlyFredhopestoflytothemoon??B.bothofthemhopetoflytothemoon??C.oneofthemhopestoflytothemoon?D.neitherofthemhopestoflytothemoon4.Fredsaid??.??A.helikedfishverymuch??B.hewouldliketoliveunderthesealikeafish?C.hewouldgofishingunderthesea?D.hewouldspendafewdaysonthemoon?5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNotmentionedA.Peoplewillbeabletoflytothemooninaspaceship.?B.Peoplewillhavemoreholidays.?C.Manypeoplewillliveandworkunderthesea.??D.Allthefactoriesandfarmswillbebuiltunderthesea.BPeopleusemoneytobuyfood,booksandhundredsofotherthingstheyneed.Whentheywork,theyusuallygetpaidinmoneyMostofthemoneyusedtodayismadeofmetalorpaper.Butinthetimelongago,peopleusedtouseallkindsofthingsasmoney.OneofthefirstkindsofmoneywasshellsInChina,clothandkniveswereusedasmoney.Elephanttusks牙,monkeytailandsaltwereusedinsomepartsoftheworld.Ricewasalsoakindofmoneyusedbythepeopleinsomeislands.Someanimalswereusedasmoney,too.ThefirstcoppercoinsweremadeinChina.Theywereroundandhadasquareholeinthecenter.Differentcountrieshaveuseddifferentmetalsfortheirmoney.Later,somecountriesbegantomakecoinsofgoldandsilver银.Butgoldandsilverwereheavytocarrywhenpeopleneededalotofcoinstobuysomethingexpensive.TheChinesewerethefirsttousepapermoney.ThefirstpapermoneylookedmorelikeanotefromonepersontoanotherthanthepapermoneyusedtodayMoneyhashadaninterestingstoryfromthedaysofshellmoneytilltoday.1.Peopleusuallyusemoney??.??A.tobuygoldB.togetsomethingtheywant??C.tobuyshellsD.tobuysomethingexpensive2.Long,longagopeopleallovertheworldusedasmoneyA.