预防滑倒绊倒和跌倒

滑倒、绊倒和跌倒的防止Slips,Trips,andFallsPrevention问题–滑倒、绊倒&跌倒Issue–STFSTF’srepresents#1causeofinjury滑倒、绊倒&跌倒（STF）是导致损伤的第1原因STF’soccurinanypartoftheworkplacewhetherinsideoroutside.STF的发生会出目前室内外工作场所的任何地方STF’smayresultinseriousoutcomesSTF也许导致严重后果STF’scosttobothworkerandemployercanbegreatSTF可以给雇员和雇主带来巨大的损失STF’sislikesteppingonmoneySTF带来经济损失问题问题–滑倒、绊倒&跌倒Issue–STFToWorker对雇员而言：Pain疼痛lostwages损失薪水temporaryorpermanentdisability暂时或永久性残疾reducedqualityoflife生活质量减低Depression沮丧消沉问题–滑倒、绊倒&跌倒Issue–STFlossinproductivityandbusiness生产和业务受损increasedindustrialinsurancepremiums工伤保险费用升高costsassociatedwithtrainingreplacementworker与培训替代雇员有关的成本costofmedicaltreatment医疗成本ToEmployer对雇主而言：滑倒、绊倒&跌倒（STF）的定义DefinitionofSTFDefinitionofSTFFriction:Theresistanceencounteredwhenanobject(foot)ismovedincontactwithanother(ground).Frictionisnecessaryinordertowalkwithoutslipping.STF摩擦力的定义：一种物体（脚部）与另一种物体（地面）接触并在该物体上移动时产生的阻力。摩擦力是平稳行走的必要原因。滑倒、绊倒&跌倒（STF）的定义DefinitionofSTFWhenthereistoolittlefrictionortractionbetweenyourfeet(footwear)andthewalkingorworkingsurface,andyouloseyourbalance.当你的脚部（鞋）与行走或工作的路面之间的摩擦力或牵引力过小时，你因此失去平衡。Slip滑倒滑倒、绊倒&跌倒（STF）的定义DefinitionofSTFWhenyourfoot(orlowerleg)hitsanobjectandyourupperbodycontinuesmoving,throwingyouoffbalance.当你的脚部（或小腿）碰到一种物体，而你的上身继续移动时，你会失去平衡。Trip绊倒滑倒、绊倒&跌倒（STF）的定义DefinitionofSTFOccurswhenyouaretoofaroffyourcenterofbalance.当你距离自身的平衡中心点过远时，你会跌倒。Fall跌倒滑倒、绊倒&跌倒（STF）的定义DefinitionofSTFWhenyoustepdownunexpectedlytoalowersurface(Misstep)andloseyourbalance,e.g.,steppingoffacurb.当你忽然踏空（失足）并失去平衡时，例如，在道牙上踏空。Trip绊倒滑倒、绊倒&跌倒导致的常见伤害类型CommontypesofSTFInjuriesAbrasions,lacerations擦伤、破口1234Sprains,strains扭伤、拉伤Bruises,contusions瘀伤、挫伤Fractures骨折轻易受伤的身体部位CommonlyaffectedBodyParts010203040506Knee,Ankle,Foot膝盖、踝部、脚部Wrist,Elbow手腕、肘部Back后背Shoulder肩膀Hip髋部Head头部诸多事故本来可以防止MANYOFTHESECOULDHAVEBEENPREVENTEDAccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofLabor,slips,trips,andfallsmakeupthemajorityofgeneralindustryaccidents.根据美国劳工部的数据，滑倒、绊倒和跌倒占一般工伤事故的大部分。25%ofreportedclaimsperfiscalyearareduetoSTF在每财年的上报索赔记录中，25%与滑倒、绊倒和跌倒有关。Over17%ofalldisablingworkinjuriesaretheresultoffalls在所有导致残疾的工伤中，超过17%是由跌倒导致的。增长滑倒、绊倒&跌倒发生的人为原因HumanFactorsIncreasingtheRiskofSlips,TripsandFallsFactorsofSTF导致滑倒、绊倒&跌倒的原因Healthandphysicalconditioncanimpairaperson’svision,judgment,andbalance.健康和身体状况会影响一种人的视觉、判断力和平衡性Eyesight,visualperception视力、视觉感知Age年龄Physicalstate,fatigue身体状况、疲劳Stress,illness压力、疾病Medications,alcohol,drug药物治疗、饮酒、吸毒增长滑倒、绊倒&跌倒发生的人为原因HumanFactorsIncreasingtheRiskofSlips,TripsandFallsBehaviours–actionsyouchooseandcontrolcancontributetoaslip,trip,andfallinjuryifyousetyourselfupforone.行为–假如你马虎大意，则你选择和支配的行为将会导致滑倒、绊倒和跌倒损伤。Carryingormovingcumbersomeobjects,ortoomanyobjects,thatobstructyourviewimpairyourbalanceandpreventyoufromholdingontohandrails手提或搬动粗笨的物品或过多物品会阻碍你的视野，影响你的平衡并使你无法扶着扶手。Poorhousekeeping(allowingcluttertoaccumulate,notmaintainingcleandryfloors,etc.)不合格的环境整洁状况（使混乱状态不停加重，未能保持地面的洁净和干爽等）Usingimpropercleaningmethods(e.g.,incorrectlyusingwaxorpolish;ortryingtocleanupgreasespillwithwater)使用不妥的清洁措施（如，不妥使用蜡或上光剂；或试图用水来清洗油脂溢出物）增长滑倒、绊倒&跌倒发生的人为原因HumanFactorsIncreasingtheRiskofSlips,TripsandFallsNotusingsignagewhensliportriphazardsexist当滑倒或绊倒危险存在时，没有使用标志牌InattentiveBehavior:walking,distractions(e.g.,usingcellphone,talkingandnotwatchingwhereyou’regoing,etc.)分散精力的行为：走路时分散注意力的行为（如，打电话、走路时与人交谈及没有注意观测等）Takingshortcuts;notusingwalkwaysordesignated,clearedpathways;beinginahurry,rushingaround抄近路：未使用通道或指定的无障碍物途径；匆忙赶路滑倒、绊倒&跌倒发生增长的原因FactorsIncreasingtheRiskofSlips,TripsandFallsNotPayingAttention马虎大意Clutter混乱的环境ImproperMethodofCarryingItems不当搬运物品OthercommonhazardstoLookoutFor警惕其他常见的危险滑倒、绊倒&跌倒发生增长的原因FactorsIncreasingtheRiskofSlips,TripsandFallsReportthesedangers上报这些危险环境整洁HousekeepingClosefilecabinetorstoragedrawers关上文件柜或抽屉Reportcables/wiresthatcrosswalkway报告出现在通道上的电缆/电线Keepworkingareasandwalkwayswelllitandclear保持工作场所和通道的良好照明及清洁情况Reportburnedoutbulbs报告灯泡短路Beawareofyoursurroundingsandreportanyperceiveddanger留心周围的物品，报告潜在的危险0102030405Propfiredoorsopen.长时间打开防火门Storematerialsinstairwells.在楼梯间寄存物品Storetrashcansinfrontofdoorway.将垃圾桶摆放在门口Usecinderblocktopropopenthedoors.为保持门的敞开状态而用炉渣砖抵住门Usechairtoblockanemergencycut-offvalve.用椅子挡住紧急切断阀Placechairsindangerousareas.Forexample,thechairinthepicturecouldrepresentastruckagainsthazard.Someonecouldsitinthechair,andstriketheirheadonthepipeandvalvebehindit.将椅子放在危险区域。例如，图片中的椅子也许是导致碰撞的危险原因。坐在椅子上的人也许将头撞到身后的管子和阀门上。Thischaircouldalsoencouragesmokinginthestairwell.这把椅子也也许增长人们在楼梯间吸烟的几率。Do………Reportthesedangers!务必上报这些危险状况！环境整洁防止……HousekeepingDON’Ts……PROBLEM问题滑倒、绊倒和跌倒危险Slip,TripandFallHazardSlip:ifitiswetoutsideandthematisfoldedback,thenthefloorisgettingwetinsteadofthematabsorbingthewater.滑倒：假如户外潮湿而垫子翻卷，则垫子就无法起到吸水的作用，地面也会随之变得潮湿。Trip:thematisfoldedbackandsomeonecouldcatchtheirfootonthematandtrip.绊倒：由于垫子翻卷，有人也许将脚刮到垫子并因此绊倒。Fall:bothawetfloorandcaughtfootcouldcontributetoafall.跌倒：潮湿的地面和脚刮到垫子的状况都也许导致跌倒的发生。Reportthisdanger!上报这一危险状况！你能发现危险吗CanyouidentifythehazardThissliderepresentsatriphazard.Hereyoucanseeanelectricalcordinthemiddleofthewalkway.Thiscordispluggedintoanelectricaloutlet.本页显示出一种绊倒风险。图片中，一条电线横在通道的中间。这条电线插在插座中。ContactFacilitiesManagementtorearrangetheroomsothatthepieceofequipmentisclosetotheoutletorhaveanadditionaloutletinstalled.联络设施管理部门来重新安排房间的布局，使这台设备紧靠插座或者安装额外的插座。你能发现危险吗CanyouidentifythehazardIfthereisnowaytorearrangetheroomorinstallanewoutlet,thenrunthecordupthewallacrosstheceilinganddownthewalltopreventthetripandfallhazard.假如无