AWS TRUEPOWER：Verification of Performance Enhancements性能提升验证

Verificationofperformanceenhancements性能提升验证ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC©2017.Proprietary&Confidential.DanielW.Bernadett,P.E.October2018Beijing,ChinaAdvancedcontrols先进的控制Nacellelidarforturbinecontrol用于风电机组控制的机舱激光雷达Vortexgenerators涡轮发生器ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC©2017.Proprietary&Confidential.2Performanceenhancements性能提升IncreasePerformance增加性能DecreaseLoads降低载荷Magnitudemaybe1-2%量级可以达到1-2%ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC©2017.Proprietary&Confidential.3Performanceenhancements性能提升Traditionalpowerperformancetesting(IEC61400-12-1)mayhaveuncertaintyof3-5%(largerthanperformanceimprovement)传统的功率性能测试（IEC61400-12-1）可能具有3-5％的不确定度（大于性能改进）Mustuseadifferentmethod必须使用不同的方法ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC©2017.Proprietary&Confidential.4Uncertainty不确定度Poweroutputofadjacentturbinesisdirectlycomparedforeachwindspeedbinbeforeandafterperformanceenhancement在性能提升之前和之后，对每个风速比恩(bin)直接比较相邻风电机组的功率输出Bydirectlycomparingpoweroutput,windspeedmeasurementuncertaintyisavoided通过直接比较功率输出，避免了风速测量的不确定性Resultinguncertaintyis~1%造成的不确定性约为1％ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC©2017.Proprietary&Confidential.5Side-by-side/before-after并排/前后Aerodynamicadd-onwasappliedtoonewindturbine空气动力学附加装置应用于一个风力发电机Poweroutputwascomparedtocontrolturbineswherenochangesweremade将功率输出与未进行任何改变的控制风电机进行比较AEPimproved0.9%±0.3%年发电量提高0.9％±0.3％ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC©2017.Proprietary&Confidential.6CaseStudyA案例研究AInthiscase,performanceincreasedatlowerwindspeedsanddecreasedathigherwindspeeds在这种情况下，性能在较低的风速下增加，在较高的风速下下降AEPimprovementwilldependonwindspeedfrequencydistribution年发电量的提高将取决于风速频率分布ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC©2017.Proprietary&Confidential.7CaseStudyA案例研究AULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC©2017.Proprietary&Confidential.8CaseStudyA案例研究AAEP∆(%)年发电量A(m/s)k2.2%72.51.1%82.50.5%92.50.2%102.50.0%112.51.2%91.50.8%920.5%92.50.2%93Inthiscase,AEPisstronglydependentonA&k在这种情况下，年发电量强烈依赖于A＆kULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC©2017.Proprietary&Confidential.9CaseStudy(A)案例研究A

Case案例TurbinePair风电机对BeforeDates日期前AfterDates日期后Direction风向AEPΔ(%)年发电量1A/BJunetoAugust6月至8月AugusttoNovember8月至11月280-3200.92*2A/BJunetoAugust6月至8月AugusttoNovember8月至11月All所有1.483A/BJanuarytoAugust1月至8月AugusttoApril8月至4月280-3200.554A/BJanuarytoAugust1月至8月AugusttoApril8月至4月All所有2.225C/DJunetoAugust6月至8月AugusttoNovember8月至11月All所有-0.556C/DJanuarytoAugust1月至8月AugusttoNovember8月至11月All所有0.587E/FJanuarytoAugust1月至8月AugusttoNovember8月至11月135-2350.008E/FJanuarytoAugust1月至8月AugusttoNovember8月至11月All所有0.05PerformanceimprovementΔ(%)isstronglyafunctionofturbinepair,beforeandafterdaterange,anddirectionsector性能提升Δ（％）强烈地是风电机对、日期范围之前和之后以及方向扇区的函数ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC©2017.Proprietary&Confidential.10CaseStudy(A)案例研究(A)

Bestestimate*Δ(%)wasmadebasedonjudgmenttobestrepresentthewindfarm最佳估计*Δ（％）是根据最佳代表风电场的判断而得出的Needtoconsiderallvariablesbeforerecommendingbestestimate在推荐最佳估计之前需要考虑所有变量UncertaintydeterminedbyMonteCarlosimulationusingsamplesofthetrainingandtestdata使用训练样本和测试数据的蒙特卡罗仿真确定不确定度Differentaerodynamicadd-onthanCaseStudyA与案例研究A不同的空气动力学附加装置AEPimprovementalmostthesameasCaseStudyA,butinoppositewindspeedareas年发电量提升与案例研究A几乎相同，但在相反的风速区域ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC©2017.Proprietary&Confidential.11CaseStudyb案例研究BInthiscase,performancedecreasedatlowerwindspeedsandincreasedathigherwindspeeds在这种情况下，性能在较低的风速下降低，在较高的风速下增加MagnitudeofperformancechangeislowerthanCaseStudyA性能变化的幅度低于案例研究A.ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC©2017.Proprietary&Confidential.12CaseStudyB案例研究BULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC©2017.Proprietary&Confidential.13CaseStudyB案例研究BInthiscase,AEPhaslessdependenceonA&k在这种情况下，年发电量对A＆k的依赖性较小AEP∆(%)年发电量A(m/s)k0.9%72.50.9%82.50.8%92.50.7%102.50.6%112.50.5%91.50.6%920.8%92.50.9%93ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC©2017.Proprietary&Confidential.14CaseStudy(c)案例研究(C)

Turbinewithstandardbladesiscomparedtosametypeturbinewithaerodynamicadd-ons将带有标准叶片的风电机与拥有空气动力附加装置的相同类型的风电机进行比较Inthiscase,powertopowercomparisonwasnotperformed.Comparisonismadeusingtraditionalmetmastpowercurves在这种情况下，不进行功率比较。使用传统的测风杆功率曲线进行比较Bladeswithaerodynamicadd-onsproduce0.4%moreAEP带有空气动力学附加装置的叶片，年发电量增加0.4％Uncertaintybasedonwindspeedmeasurementwas5-6%基于风速测量的不确定度为5-6％ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC©2017.Proprietary&Confidential.15CaseStudy(c)案例研究(C)IncrementalproductionisthesameathighandlowwindspeedssoAEPimpactdoesnotdependonwindspeedfrequencydistribution在高风和低风速下增量生产是相同的，因此年发电量影响不依赖于风速频率分布ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC©2017.Proprietary&Confidential.16CaseStudy(c)案例研究(C)

Inthiscase,AEPvarieslittlewithA&k在这种情况下，年发电量与A和k的变化很小AEP∆(%)年发电量A(m/s)k0.6%72.50.5%82.50.4%92.50.4%102.50.4%112.50.4%91.50.4%920.4%92.50.5%93Thetogglemethodisrecommendedforcontrollerchanges建议对控制器更改使用切换方法Stilluseside-by-sideturbines,buttoggletestturbinecontrollersettings仍然使用并排风电机，但切换测试风电机控制器设置10minutetogglingbleedsintonextdatainterval10分钟切换渗入到下一个数据间隔5hourintervalfortoggling切换时间间隔为5小时24hoursnotdivisibleby5sotimeofdayiscycled24小时不能被5整除，所以一天中的时间循环NeedOEMinvolvementtotogglecontroller需要制造厂OEM参与切换控制器Needcleardatatoknowifenhancementisenabledornot需要明确的数据才能知道是否启用了提升功能ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC©2017.Proprietary&Confidential.17Side-by-side/Togglemethod并排/切换方法Loadscanalsobemonitoredandcomparedtoquantifyloadsreductionofcontrolsoraerodynamicmodifications还可以采用量化载荷减少的控制或空气动力学改变，进行载荷监测和比较。ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC©2017.Proprietary&Confidential.18Loadsreduction载荷减少Mustmakesurecontrollersettingsareconsistent必须确保控制器设置一致Controllersettingscanbechangedinadvertently可以随意更改控制器设置(i.e.turbineisde-energizeandtechnicianforgetstoresetsettings如，风电机断电而且技术人员忘记重置设置)ULandtheULlogoaretrademarksofULLLC©2017.Proprietary&Confidential.19Continuityofcontrollerchanges控制器改变的连续性Performanceenhancementscanbemadebyadvancedcontrols(withorw/onacellelidar),vo