2025年全国硕士研究生考试《英语一》模拟试卷一

2025年全国硕士研究生考试《英语一》模拟试卷一[问答题]1.根据下面资料，回答46-50题  COVID-19packsitspunchlargelythroughuncertainty.If（江南博哥）theviruswerevisibletooureyes,wecouldhaveavoideditandconductedtherestofourbusinessasusual.It’snotonlythatwecannotseethevirusitself,butthatwealsodon’tseeitssymptomsinsomeofthepeoplewhomightinfectus.Andso,wetakesevereprecautions.(46)[Weavoidinteractionswithuninfectedpeoplewhoposenorisktous,andwerefrainfromactivitiesthatwouldhaveletoureconomyremainafloatandperhapsevencontinuetoprosper].Westayputwhenapoisonousinsectisnearby,simplybecausewecannotseeit.  InAlbertCamus’bookThePlague,alife-threateningdiseaseprovidesavividillustrationofourexistentialreality.Weknowthatwewilldieonedaybutcannotprepareforitsincewehavenowayofforecastingwhenitwillhappen.Existentialuncertaintiesextendbeyondourprivatelivesintothesocietalarena.  (47)[Onemightnaivelyassumethatfundamentaluncertaintiesinourlivesmerelyreflectlackofinformation;andthatbytracingthemissinginformation,wewouldbeabletoclearthefogoftheunknown].However,quantummechanics,whichlaysthefoundationforourphysicalreality,impliesthatthereisalimittotheclaritywecanhopetoachieve.  Thisimpliesthatevenifweretrieveallavailableinformationthroughaperfectexperiment,wewouldstillbeunabletoforecastthefutureoftheelectrondeterministically.Traditionally,ourlifewasshapedbymassiveobjects,suchasthecarwedrivein,forwhichHeisenberg’suncertaintyisentirelynegligible.(48)[Butwiththeadventofinformationtechnology,artificialintelligenceandquantumcomputing,thequantumworldmayendupshapingmedicaldecisionsinlifeanddeathsituations].Thebedrockofrealityisprobabilistic.Wecanonlyassignlikelihoodstodifferentoutcomes.  ContrarytoAlbertEinstein’slettertoMaxBornin1926,wenowknowthatnaturedoesplaysdice.ThereisalwayssomeprobabilitythatwemightdieafterbeinginfectedbyCOVID-19.ThoseattendingpoolpartieswithoutsocialdistancingplayRussianroulette.Mostofthemwillsurvive,butsomewilldie.  Ofcourse,medicalpreconditionscouldstronglyaffectrareoutcomeslikedeathfromCOVID-19.Eventsinreallifeoftenstemfromaconfluenceofmanycauses,makingthemdifficulttodecipher.Onlyunderspecialcircumstancesisitpossibletoidentifyunambiguouslythemaincauseofaphenomenon.(49)[Thisisthereasonbehindcontrolledscientificexperiments,whichoffertheopportunitytoisolateoneinfluenceatatimeinthequestforbetterunderstanding].  Whendataarescarce,theperceptionofthescientificcommunitycanchangeconsiderably.RecentRNAsequencingofvirusmutationsrevealedthatthepathofCOVID-19infectionsthroughouttheUnitedStateswasverydifferentthanpreviouslythought.  Butevenwhenalotofdataarecollected,ourabilitytocomprehenditstruemeaninglimitsthereliabilityofourforecast.TheMayancultureassembledavastamountofastronomicaldataovermanycenturiesandcorrelatedtheirskyimageswithhumanhistoryforthepoliticalbenefitofforecastingtheoutcomeofwars.Thecurrentpurposeofscienceistorelatecausestoeffectsinareproduciblefashionwithoutwishfulthinkingorprejudice.(50)[Astronomyeducatesusthatthemotionsofplanetsandstarshavenothingtodowithhumanactions,andgeneticsenlightensusthathumanabilitieshavenothingtodowithskincolor].正确答案：详见解析参考解析：第（46）题本文节选自ScientificAmerican:LivingwithScientificUncertainty本文首段指出新冠肺炎的打击主要来自不确定性。第二段引用阿尔贝·加缪的书《鼠疫》指出存在的不确定性已经超出了我们的私人生活，进入了社会舞台。第三、四段指出即使我们通过一个完美的实验检索所有可获得的信息，我们仍然无法确定地预测电子的未来。第五段指出自然确实存在不确定性。第六段指出医疗条件可能会严重影响罕见的结果。最后两段指出即使收集了大量数据，我们理解其真实含义的能力也会限制我们预测的可靠性。本句由并列连词and连接的两个分句构成，and前的分句中包含一个who引导的定语从句，修饰uninfectedpeople，该定语从句不长，翻译时前置即可，poseriskto意为“对……造成威胁”，uninfectedpeoplewhoposenoriskto即“不会对我们构成威胁的未感染者”；第二个分句中包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰activities，该定语从句翻译时可前置。【参考译文】我们避免与不会对我们构成威胁的未感染者进行互动，并且我们避免开展会使我们的经济持续发展甚至可能继续繁荣的活动。第（47）题本句是主从复合句。并列连词and连接的是两个由that引导的宾语从句，作assume的宾语，分号前的句子中无疑难词汇与表达，可直接顺译；介词短语bytracing…为方式状语，分号后的宾语从句同样顺译即可。【参考译文】有人可能天真地认为，我们生活中基本的不确定性只是反映了信息的匮乏；通过追踪缺失的信息，我们将能够清除未知的迷雾。第（48）题本句为简单句，withtheadventof意为“随着……的出现”，of后面为三个并列的成分；句子主干为thequantumworldmayendup…shape意为“形成；塑造，使成形”，此处与medicaldecisions构成动宾关系，可引申为“影响”。【参考译文】但随着信息技术、人工智能和量子计算的出现，量子世界可能最终会影响生与死的医疗决定。第（49）题本句为主从复合句，逗号前Thisisthereason为主句，behind…为状语；which引导非限制性定语从句修饰experiments，翻译时可以译为“这些实验……”，isolate在此处意为“单独考虑”；inthequestfor意为“在寻求……的过程中”。【参考译文】这就是受控科学实验背后的原因，这些实验在寻求更好的理解的过程中提供了一次单独考虑一种影响的机会。第（50）题本句由并列连词and连接的两个分句构成，educate和enlighten本意相近，根据汉语表达习惯，可以同时翻译为“告诉”，使得句式更加工整；havenothingtodowith意为“与……无关”。【参考译文】天文学告诉我们行星和恒星的运动与人类的行为无关，遗传学告诉我们人类的能力与肤色无关。【全文参考译文】新冠肺炎疫情的打击主要来自不确定性。如果我们能看到病毒，我们就可以避开它，然后像往常一样继续我们的工作。我们不仅看不到病毒本身，而且在一些可能会传染给我们的人身上看不到它的症状。因此，我们采取了严格的预防措施。我们避免与不会对我们构成威胁的未感染者进行互动，并且我们避免开展会使我们的经济持续发展甚至可能继续繁荣的活动。当有毒的昆虫靠近时，我们待在原地不动，仅仅是因为我们看不见它。在阿尔贝·加缪所著的《鼠疫》一书中，一种危及生命的疾病生动地说明了我们的生存现状。我们知道我们总有一天会死去，但我们无法为它做好准备，因为我们无法预测它何时会发生。存在的不确定性已经超出了我们的私人生活，进入了社会舞台。有人可能天真地认为，我们生活中基本的不确定性只是反映了信息的匮乏；通过追踪缺失的信息，我们将能够清除未知的迷雾。然而，为我们的物理现实奠宗基础的量子力学暗示，我们能够希望达到的清晰度是有限的。这意味着，即使我们通过一个完美的实验检索所有可获得的信息，我们仍然无法确切地预测电子的未来。传统上，我们的生活是由巨大的物体塑造的，比如我们驾驶的汽车，在这一点上，海森堡的不确定性完全可以忽略不计。但随着信息技术、人工智能和量子计算的出现，量子世界可能最终会影响生与死的医疗决定。现实的基础是概率。我们只能给不同的结果分配可能性。与阿尔伯特‘爱因斯坦在1926年给马克斯·玻恩的信相反，我们现在知道自然确实在玩骰子。在感染新冠病毒后，我们总有可能死亡。那些没有保持社交距离去参加泳池派对的人在玩俄罗斯轮盘赌。他们中的大多数将生存，但有些将死亡。当然，医疗条件可能会严重影响罕见的结果，如因新冠肺炎死亡。现实生活中的事件往往是由多种原因共同导致的，这使得它们很难被解读。只有在特殊情况下，才有可能明确一种现象的主要致因。这就是受控科学实验背后的原因，这些实验在寻求更好的理解的过程中提供了一次单独考虑一种影响的机会。当数据稀缺时，科学界的看法可能会发生很大的变化。最近对病毒突变的RNA测序表明，整个美国的新冠肺炎感染途径与以前所想的完全不同。但是，即使收集了大量数据，我们理解其真实含义的能力也会限制我们预测的可靠性。玛雅文化在数个世纪里收集了大量的天文数据，并将他们的天空图像与人类历史联系起来，以获得预测战争结果的政治利益。科学的当前目的是将原因和结果以一种可再现的方式联系起来，而不会产生一厢情愿的想法或偏见。天文学告诉我们行星和恒星的运动与人类的行为无关，遗传学告诉我们人类的能力与肤色无关。[问答题]2.Directions:Writealettertothelocalnewspaper,commentingonthecurrentmovementof“trashclassification”andprovidingsomesuggestions.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Don’twritetheaddress.Don’tsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.(10points)正确答案：详见解析参考解析：DearSirorMadam,Iamalocalresidentandaloyalreaderofyournewspaper.Iwouldliketowriteacommentonthecurrenteventoftrashclassificationandoffersomesuggestions.Trashclassificationisindeedanenvironment-friendlyactionandhasafar-reachingimpactonoursocietyandourearthinthelongrun.Inpractice,however,theenforcementisnotsosatisfactory.Themostsignificantreasonisthatresidentsareconfusedabouthowtoclassifydifferentgarbage.So,mis-placedtrashesarenotuncommontosee.Torespondtothisproblem,weneedmoreconcreteinstructionsfromdepartmentsconcernedorthemedia.Besides,anonlineapplicationregardingthismaybeaneffectivemeansforpeople.Ihopemysuggestionswillbeusefulandwishourenvironmentcouldbeincreasinglypleasant.Yourssincerely,LiMing.[问答题]3.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)interprettheimpliedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)正确答案：详见解析参考解析：【参考范文】Asisvividlydepictedinthepicture,aman,holdingaguninhishand,ischasingtworabbitsatthesametime.Andthecaptionbelowthepicturereads“thosewhochasetworabbitswillinevitablygetnothing.”Itisapparentthatthiscartoonhighlightstheimportanceofsettingupacorrectgoal.Goalsarecrucialtoaperson,sotosay,whatkindofgoalleadstowhatkindoflife.Withoutgoals,lifeisoftenmeaningless;withclear,long-termgoalsandconstanteffort,onecanliveasuccessfullife.Successfulpeoplehavevisionsofwhattheirlifeshouldbelikeandtheysetpropergoalstohelpthemrealizethevisions.Bysettingpropergoalsyoucantakecontrolofyourlife.Itislikehavingamaptoshowwhereyouwanttogo.Livingwithoutaproperaimislikesailingwithoutacompass,whichtellsusthatsettingapropergoalisextremelyimportantinlife.AsfarasIamconcerned,settingaproperaimisofespecialsignificancefortoday’sstudents.Whenstudentssetgoals,theylearntheimportanceoftakingresponsibility,minimizingexcusesandhelpingothers.Settingpropergoalsisalifelongskillthatfirsthelpsstudentssucceedinschoolandthenlaterinlife.正如图中生动描绘的那样，一个男人手里拿着枪，同时追赶两只兔子。图片下方的标题显示为“追两只兔子的人，难免一无所获”。显然，这幅漫画突出了设定正确目标的重要性。目标对于一个人来说是至关重要的，可以说，有什么样的目标就会有什么样的生活。没有目标，生活往往毫无意义；有了明确的、长期的目标和不断的努力，一个人就可以获得成功的人生。成功的人对他们的生活有自己的愿景，他们设定适当的目标来帮助他们实现这些愿景。通过设定适当的目标，你可以掌控自己的生活。这就像有一张地图显示你想去的地方。没有目标的生活就像没有罗盘的航行，这告诉我们在生活中设定正确的目标是极其重要的。在我看来，设定一个适当的目标对今天的学生来说尤为重要。当学生设定目标时，他们能了解承担责任、减少借口和帮助他人的重要性。设定适当的目标是一项终身技能，它首先有助于学生在学校取得成功，然后在以后的生活中取得成功。共享题干题根据以下材料，回答1-20题。  Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyoftheseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral 1 

thatmemoriessimplydecaywithtime,“forgetting”mightnotbeabadthing—thatisaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay 2 

aformoflearning.  Thescientists 3 

thenewtheorysuggestthatchangesinourabilitytoaccess 4 

memoriesarebasedonenvironmentalfeedbackandpredictability. 5 

beingabug,forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain, 6 

ittointeractdynamicallywiththeenvironment.  Inachangingworldliketheoneweandmanyother 7 

livein,forgettingsomememoriescanbebeneficial 8 

thiscanleadtomore 9 

behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedincircumstancesthatarenotwholly 10 

tothecurrentenvironment,forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.  So, 11 ,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememorieswhile 12 

othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesatthe 13 

oflostinformation,butagrowing 14 

ofresearchindicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis 15 

alteredmemoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.  Memoriesarestoredingroupsofneuronscalled“engramcells”andsuccessfulrecallofthesememories 16 

thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical 17 

ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbereactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthespecificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan’tberecalled.It’sasifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan’trememberthecodeto 18 

it.  Importantly,“naturalforgetting”isreversibleincertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenaturalforgetting 19 

arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly 20 

engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.[单选题]1.第1题答案是A.principleB.assumptionC.responseD.excuse正确答案：B参考解析：文章开头先引出“遗忘”这一现象，并提出对原因的探究。空格句随即介绍一些科学家的看法：与“记忆只是随着时间的推移而逐渐衰退”这个普遍的 1 相反，遗忘可能并非坏事。可见，空格句意在援引科学家的新观点“遗忘并非坏事”，来反驳人们的普遍认识／假设／观点，assumption通常指“（无证据的）假定；臆断”，符合语境，选项B正确。  Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyoftheseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral 1 

thatmemoriessimplydecaywithtime,“forgetting”mightnotbeabadthing—thatisaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay 2 

aformoflearning.  Thescientists 3 

thenewtheorysuggestthatchangesinourabilitytoaccess 4 

memoriesarebasedonenvironmentalfeedbackandpredictability. 5 

beingabug,forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain, 6 

ittointeractdynamicallywiththeenvironment.  Inachangingworldliketheoneweandmanyother 7 

livein,forgettingsomememoriescanbebeneficial 8 

thiscanleadtomore 9 

behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedincircumstancesthatarenotwholly 10 

tothecurrentenvironment,forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.  So, 11 ,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememorieswhile 12 

othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesatthe 13 

oflostinformation,butagrowing 14 

ofresearchindicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis 15 

alteredmemoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.  Memoriesarestoredingroupsofneuronscalled“engramcells”andsuccessfulrecallofthesememories 16 

thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical 17 

ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbereactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthespecificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan’tberecalled.It’sasifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan’trememberthecodeto 18 

it.  Importantly,“naturalforgetting”isreversibleincertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenaturalforgetting 19 

arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly 20 

engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.[单选题]2.第6题答案是A.prohibitingB.forcingC.remindingD.allowing正确答案：D参考解析：空格句指出：遗忘并非大脑故障，它可能是大脑的一种功能特征， 6 大脑（it回指thebrain）与环境动态互动。联系上句“遗忘与环境反馈和可预测性有关”可知，空格句意在从大脑功能出发，解释遗忘与环境之间的关系：使大脑与环境能够动态互动。allow可表示“使可能；使能够发生”，用于此处与后半部分构成现在分词短语作伴随状语，解释说明遗忘的功能性(afunctionalfeature)，D项正确。  Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyoftheseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral 1 

thatmemoriessimplydecaywithtime,“forgetting”mightnotbeabadthing—thatisaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay 2 

aformoflearning.  Thescientists 3 

thenewtheorysuggestthatchangesinourabilitytoaccess 4 

memoriesarebasedonenvironmentalfeedbackandpredictability. 5 

beingabug,forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain, 6 

ittointeractdynamicallywiththeenvironment.  Inachangingworldliketheoneweandmanyother 7 

livein,forgettingsomememoriescanbebeneficial 8 

thiscanleadtomore 9 

behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedincircumstancesthatarenotwholly 10 

tothecurrentenvironment,forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.  So, 11 ,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememorieswhile 12 

othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesatthe 13 

oflostinformation,butagrowing 14 

ofresearchindicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis 15 

alteredmemoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.  Memoriesarestoredingroupsofneuronscalled“engramcells”andsuccessfulrecallofthesememories 16 

thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical 17 

ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbereactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthespecificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan’tberecalled.It’sasifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan’trememberthecodeto 18 

it.  Importantly,“naturalforgetting”isreversibleincertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenaturalforgetting 19 

arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly 20 

engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.[单选题]3.第9题答案是A.flexibleB.informedC.volatileD.disruptive正确答案：A参考解析：空格所在从句介绍遗忘有益的原因：遗忘可以带来更 9 行为和更好的决策。联系句首状语“在不断变化的世界里”及常识可知，旧有记忆可能会使人们固守成规，难以适应世界的新变化；而遗忘一些记忆则可以帮助人们突破桎梏，带来更加灵活、更具适应性的行为，以更好地适应世界的新变化，A项正确。【选项辨析】B项有一定干扰，informed语义指向积极，但其内在含义为“对某事物有更多的了解，掌握更多的信息”，与此处forgettingsomememories恰好相悖。  Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyoftheseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral 1 

thatmemoriessimplydecaywithtime,“forgetting”mightnotbeabadthing—thatisaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay 2 

aformoflearning.  Thescientists 3 

thenewtheorysuggestthatchangesinourabilitytoaccess 4 

memoriesarebasedonenvironmentalfeedbackandpredictability. 5 

beingabug,forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain, 6 

ittointeractdynamicallywiththeenvironment.  Inachangingworldliketheoneweandmanyother 7 

livein,forgettingsomememoriescanbebeneficial 8 

thiscanleadtomore 9 

behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedincircumstancesthatarenotwholly 10 

tothecurrentenvironment,forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.  So, 11 ,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememorieswhile 12 

othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesatthe 13 

oflostinformation,butagrowing 14 

ofresearchindicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis 15 

alteredmemoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.  Memoriesarestoredingroupsofneuronscalled“engramcells”andsuccessfulrecallofthesememories 16 

thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical 17 

ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbereactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthespecificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan’tberecalled.It’sasifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan’trememberthecodeto 18 

it.  Importantly,“naturalforgetting”isreversibleincertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenaturalforgetting 19 

arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly 20 

engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.[单选题]4.第8题答案是A.thoughB.asC.unlessD.until正确答案：B参考解析：空格所在句意为：在不断变化的世界里，忘记一些记忆可能是有益的， 8 这可以带来 9 行为和更好的决策。可见，空格前引出结论（遗忘有益），空格后则论述理由（遗忘可优化决策），空格词应传递因果关系，B项正确。  Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyoftheseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral 1 

thatmemoriessimplydecaywithtime,“forgetting”mightnotbeabadthing—thatisaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay 2 

aformoflearning.  Thescientists 3 

thenewtheorysuggestthatchangesinourabilitytoaccess 4 

memoriesarebasedonenvironmentalfeedbackandpredictability. 5 

beingabug,forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain, 6 

ittointeractdynamicallywiththeenvironment.  Inachangingworldliketheoneweandmanyother 7 

livein,forgettingsomememoriescanbebeneficial 8 

thiscanleadtomore 9 

behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedincircumstancesthatarenotwholly 10 

tothecurrentenvironment,forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.  So, 11 ,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememorieswhile 12 

othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesatthe 13 

oflostinformation,butagrowing 14 

ofresearchindicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis 15 

alteredmemoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.  Memoriesarestoredingroupsofneuronscalled“engramcells”andsuccessfulrecallofthesememories 16 

thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical 17 

ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbereactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthespecificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan’tberecalled.It’sasifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan’trememberthecodeto 18 

it.  Importantly,“naturalforgetting”isreversibleincertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenaturalforgetting 19 

arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly 20 

engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.[单选题]5.第7题答案是A.nationalitiesB.organismsC.institutionsD.respondents正确答案：B参考解析：空格句指出：在一个不断变化的世界里，比如我们和许多其他 7 所生活的当下，忘记一些记忆可能是有益的。由andmanyother可知，空格词应与we并列，并且指向we的上义词。而we此处实指“生活在当下世界里，每一个可能会忘记一些记忆的个体”，选项中唯有B项organisms能够涵盖we的具体所指，可视为we的上义词，故正确。  Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyoftheseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral 1 

thatmemoriessimplydecaywithtime,“forgetting”mightnotbeabadthing—thatisaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay 2 

aformoflearning.  Thescientists 3 

thenewtheorysuggestthatchangesinourabilitytoaccess 4 

memoriesarebasedonenvironmentalfeedbackandpredictability. 5 

beingabug,forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain, 6 

ittointeractdynamicallywiththeenvironment.  Inachangingworldliketheoneweandmanyother 7 

livein,forgettingsomememoriescanbebeneficial 8 

thiscanleadtomore 9 

behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedincircumstancesthatarenotwholly 10 

tothecurrentenvironment,forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.  So, 11 ,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememorieswhile 12 

othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesatthe 13 

oflostinformation,butagrowing 14 

ofresearchindicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis 15 

alteredmemoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.  Memoriesarestoredingroupsofneuronscalled“engramcells”andsuccessfulrecallofthesememories 16 

thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical 17 

ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbereactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthespecificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan’tberecalled.It’sasifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan’trememberthecodeto 18 

it.  Importantly,“naturalforgetting”isreversibleincertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenaturalforgetting 19 

arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly 20 

engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.[单选题]6.第5题答案是A.RegardlessofB.AsforC.RatherthanD.Asidefrom正确答案：C参考解析：空格句指出： 5 是一种故障，遗忘可能是大脑的一种功能特征， 6 与环境动态互动。联系上文新旧观点的对比“遗忘并非坏事VS遗忘是记忆的衰退”以及此处“afunctionalfeatureVSabug”的对比可知，空格句意在否定旧观点(abug)，提出新观点，故空格词应用于引出对旧观点的否定／抛弃／反驳，C项正确。  Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyoftheseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral 1 

thatmemoriessimplydecaywithtime,“forgetting”mightnotbeabadthing—thatisaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay 2 

aformoflearning.  Thescientists 3 

thenewtheorysuggestthatchangesinourabilitytoaccess 4 

memoriesarebasedonenvironmentalfeedbackandpredictability. 5 

beingabug,forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain, 6 

ittointeractdynamicallywiththeenvironment.  Inachangingworldliketheoneweandmanyother 7 

livein,forgettingsomememoriescanbebeneficial 8 

thiscanleadtomore 9 

behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedincircumstancesthatarenotwholly 10 

tothecurrentenvironment,forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.  So, 11 ,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememorieswhile 12 

othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesatthe 13 

oflostinformation,butagrowing 14 

ofresearchindicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis 15 

alteredmemoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.  Memoriesarestoredingroupsofneuronscalled“engramcells”andsuccessfulrecallofthesememories 16 

thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical 17 

ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbereactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthespecificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan’tberecalled.It’sasifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan’trememberthecodeto 18 

it.  Importantly,“naturalforgetting”isreversibleincertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenaturalforgetting 19 

arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly 20 

engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.[单选题]7.第4题答案是A.specificB.traumaticC.workingD.distantB.D项代入文中分别指向“痛苦回忆”“遥远回忆”，但通过全文可知，“遗忘”并不是由于某类记忆痛苦或间隔时间久。C项代入文中指“工作记忆”，这是一种对信息进行暂时加工和贮存的容量有限的记忆系统，显然并非本文探讨的对象。正确答案：A参考解析：空格句具体介绍新理论的相关观点：我们获取 4 记忆的能力的变化与环境反馈和可预测性有关。联系首段“我们产生了很多记忆但其中许多(manyofthese)都忘记了”可知，空格句意在解释一些记忆被遗忘（而另一些没有被遗忘）的原因：环境反馈和可预测性会影响记忆的获取，它会导致某个或某种特定的（如与环境无关的、与预测不相符的）记忆被遗忘”，空格词应体现这一选择性／偏向性，A项正确。【选项辨析】  Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyoftheseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral 1 

thatmemoriessimplydecaywithtime,“forgetting”mightnotbeabadthing—thatisaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay 2 

aformoflearning.  Thescientists 3 

thenewtheorysuggestthatchangesinourabilitytoaccess 4 

memoriesarebasedonenvironmentalfeedbackandpredictability. 5 

beingabug,forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain, 6 

ittointeractdynamicallywiththeenvironment.  Inachangingworldliketheoneweandmanyother 7 

livein,forgettingsomememoriescanbebeneficial 8 

thiscanleadtomore 9 

behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedincircumstancesthatarenotwholly 10 

tothecurrentenvironment,forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.  So, 11 ,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememorieswhile 12 

othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesatthe 13 

oflostinformation,butagrowing 14 

ofresearchindicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis 15 

alteredmemoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.  Memoriesarestoredingroupsofneuronscalled“engramcells”andsuccessfulrecallofthesememories 16 

thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical 17 

ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbereactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthespecificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan’tberecalled.It’sasifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan’trememberthecodeto 18 

it.  Importantly,“naturalforgetting”isreversibleincertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenaturalforgetting 19 

arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly 20 

engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.[单选题]8.第3题答案是A.underB.aroundC.againstD.behind正确答案：D参考解析：空格句指出，科学家们 3 新理论认为，我们获取 4 记忆的能力的变化与环境反馈和可预测性有关。联系上文可知，空格后thenewtheory回指首段新观点“遗忘并非坏事”，而空格前Thescientists的观点“遗忘与环境反馈和可预测性有关（即记忆并非只是简单地随时间推移而衰退）”与首段新观点一致，故Thescientists应指向新理论的支持者／倡导者，behind可用于表示“支持；赞成（人、观点等）”，用于此处契合空格前后的逻辑关系，故正确。【选项辨析】B项有一定干扰，around虽也可表示一致关系，但其通常表示“根据某种需求、愿望、想法等组织某事”，如Ican’tarrangeeverythingaroundyourtimetable!我不可能事事都按着你的时刻表安排!  Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyoftheseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral 1 

thatmemoriessimplydecaywithtime,“forgetting”mightnotbeabadthing—thatisaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay 2 

aformoflearning.  Thescientists 3 

thenewtheorysuggestthatchangesinourabilitytoaccess 4 

memoriesarebasedonenvironmentalfeedbackandpredictability. 5 

beingabug,forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain, 6 

ittointeractdynamicallywiththeenvironment.  Inachangingworldliketheoneweandmanyother 7 

livein,forgettingsomememoriescanbebeneficial 8 

thiscanleadtomore 9 

behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedincircumstancesthatarenotwholly 10 

tothecurrentenvironment,forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.  So, 11 ,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememorieswhile 12 

othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesatthe 13 

oflostinformation,butagrowing 14 

ofresearchindicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis 15 

alteredmemoryaccessratherthan