2021年英语(专升本)模拟题2

实用文档注意事项：1．本卷满分为150分。考试时间为150分钟。I.Vocabularyandstructure(40%)Directions:Thereare40incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.choosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.1.（单选）Hisbossisconstantlyfinding_________withhim,whichmakeshimveryangry.（本题1分）A.faultB.errorC.shortcomingD.flaw答案：A解析：findfaultwithsb.找,,的茬；挑剔，吹毛求疵；为固定短语，其他选项均无这种用法。句意：老板总是找他的茬儿，这让他很生气。2.（单选）TheJohnsonshavenotgotanythingreadyfora________acrosstheAtlantic.（本题1分）A.journeyB.tripC.travelD.voyage答案：D解析：journey路程，通常指陆地上的远距离“旅行”；trip一般指时间段、距离近的“旅行、远足”；travel作“旅行，游历”讲，一般表示旅行的总的概念；voyage主要指远距离的水上旅行，本题中是穿越大西洋的航海旅行，只有voyage符合题意。句意：约翰森夫妇还没有为穿越大西洋的航海旅行作任何准备。3.（单选）Peterfeltlonelyatfirst,butafteratimehegot_______aloneandevenenjoyedit.16（本题1分）A.usedtolivingB.usingtoliveC.usedtoliveD.tobeusedtoliving答案：A解析：getusedtodoingsth.意为“习惯于做某事”，get在这里做系动词。句意：起先彼特感到很孤独，但是一段时间之后他渐渐习惯了自己生活，甚至喜欢上了这种方式。4.（单选）Shesaysshe’dratherhe_______tomorrowinsteadoftoday.（本题1分）A.hadfeltB.shouldleaveC.leftD.leaves答案：C解析：wouldrather所跟从句表示希望或委婉的责备时，动词用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成式表示过去的情况。句意：她说她宁愿他明天走，而不是今天。5.（单选）Havinglostconsciousnessfortwentyhours,thewoundedsoldier________atlast.（本题1分）A.cameoffB.cametoC.cameupD.camethrough答案：B解析：comeoff：能被去掉，举行；comeup：发生，升起，被提及；comethrough：实现诺言；cometo：苏醒，恢复意识。句意：昏迷了6.（单选）Studentsarerequiredtokeepwritinga______forthepurposeofimprovingtheirwritingskills.（本题1分）A.dairyB.dialogueC.diaryD.dictation答案：C解析：keepadiary“记日记，写日记”，为固定搭配。句意：学生们被要求坚持记日记，目的是为了提高他们的写作技能。7.（单选）Theweather_______fine,theydecidedtogooutforapicnic.（本题1分）A.isB.wasC.beingD.havingbeen答案：C解析：在独立主格结构中，分词作状语时，其主语与句子的主语一致时，分词前不需要再加主语；若分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，则分词前要加上自己的主语。本题独立主格结构Theweatherbeingfine表示原因。句意：因为天气很好，我们决定出去野餐。8.（单选）_______issooftenpointedout,knowledgeisatwo-edgedweaponwhichcanbeusedtoequallyforgoodorevil.（本题1分）A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As答案：D解析：as在句子中引导定语从句，“as+is+过去分词”构成常用的句式，可译为“正如,,”，如：asitknowntoall众所周知。句意：正如人们经常指出的，知识是一把“双刃剑”，即可24为善也可为恶。9.（单选）Thefactoryhadto________500workersafterthefire.（本题1分）A.layasideB.layoutC.layoffD.laydown答案：C解析：layaside：把,,放在一边，储备；layout：展开，提出；layoff(sb.)：解雇某人；laydown：规定。句意：火灾后那家工厂不得不解雇500名工人。10.（单选）Childrenwhoareover-protectedbytheirparentsmaybecome________.（本题1分）A.harmedB.damagedC.hurtD.spoiled答案：D解析：harm,damage,hurt都有“伤害”的意思，注意这几个词的区别：damange：损害，毁害；harm：伤害，损害；hurt：（心理上的）伤害；spoil：变味，损坏，糟蹋，宠坏。Spoiled“宠坏的，溺爱的”，句意：被父母过度保护的孩子会被宠坏的。11.（单选）It’snotuntilhewasputtoprison______herealizehehadbrokenthelaw.（本题1分）A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.that答案：D解析：it+be+被强调部分+that是强调句的固定结构。请注意notuntil强调句的用法。句意：知道被送进了监狱他才意识到自己已经犯了法。12.（单选）Itwasnogood_______tohisproposalbecausehewillneverchangehismind.（本题1分）A.objectB.toobjectC.objectingD.tohaveobjected答案：C解析：it’sno+use/good+doingsth.意为“做什么没用/没好处”等，为固定用法。句意：反对他的建议是没好处的，因为他从不改变主意。13.（单选）Theskirtis______insmall,mediumandlargesize.（本题1分）A.visibleB.originalC.delicateD.available答案：D解析：visible：可见的；original：起初的；delicate：脆弱的，易损的；available：可获得的，可取的。句意：大、中、小号的裙子一应俱全。14.（单选）Theboy’spalefaceandlackofappetitearousedtheteacher’s_________.（本题1分）A.doubtB.senseC.judgmentD.suspicion答案：D解析：doubt：怀疑；sense：感觉；judgement：判断；suspicion：察觉。其中doubt是由于信息不足而不相信，或不能辨别是非真伪，拿不准；suspicion是感到可能存在某事，猜疑有某种情况，多指疑心别人有不好的事。句意：老师觉察到那个男孩脸色苍白，没有胃口。15.（单选）Insomecountries,________iscalled―equalitydoesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallcitizens.（本题1分）A.whichB.thatC.whatD.one答案：C解析：句子中缺少主语，只有what可以引导主语从句。句意：在有些国家，那些被称做平等的东西并非意味着所有公民权利平等。16.（单选）---―Whydidn’tyourwifeanswermyphonelastnight?---―Ithinkshe______whenyoucalled.（本题1分）A.hadtohavesleptB.hastobesleepingC.mustsleepD.musthaveslept答案：D解析：从大雨中可以看出是一种肯定得推测，并且打电话的那个时候妻子已经睡着了。musthavedone表示对过去动作的肯定推测。句意：“昨天晚上你妻子为什么不接我电话？”“我想你打电话时她一定睡着了。”17.（单选）Whoeverdoes_______withthatfellowisboundtolosemoney.（本题1分）A.affairsB.thingsC.businessD.events答案：C解析：dobusinesswithsb.意为“与某人做生意”，为固定用法。其他选项都不正确。故选C。句意：谁和那位仁兄做生意谁就会破财。18.（单选）The________teacherispraisedbyherstudentsforhercommunicativelanguageteaching.（本题1分）A.respectfulB.respectableC.respectingD.respective答案：B解析：respectful：尊敬的，表示敬意的；respectable：令人尊敬的，值得尊敬的；respective：各自的，分别的；respecting是respect的现在分词形式。句意：那位令人尊敬的老师凭着她的交际语言教学法收到了学生的赞扬。19.（单选）Ifacomputercouldbemadeascomplexasahumanbrain,itcoulddo_______amancando.（本题1分）A.thatB.whateverC.whicheverD.however答案：B解析：句子空缺处缺少宾语成分，只有that和whatever可以引导宾语从句；根据句意可知应是“人可以做的任何事情”。句意：如果计算机造得像人脑一样复杂，它就可以做人类可以做的任何事。20.（单选）Itwasdifficulttounderstand________theamountofmoneyallocatedforeducation.（本题1分）A.themtoreduceB.themreducingC.theirreducingD.theirreducing答案：C解析：物主代词/人称代词/名词所有格+动名词，构成了动名词的复合结构，物主代词或名词所有格等是动名词的逻辑主语。动名词复合结构在句子中主要作主语和宾格。本题中theirreducing作understan的宾语。句意：他们缩减了用于教育事业的资金数额，这一行为使人费解。21.（单选）Johnhopedthefirmwould_______himtotheNewYorkbranch.（本题1分）A.removeB.transmitC.exchangeD.transfer答案：D解析：transfersb./sth.fromto将sb./sth.意为“从一个地方转移到另一个地方”，符合题意。其他选项transmit：传送，传输，发射；remove：移开，拿去，去掉;exchange：交换；均不合题意。句意：约翰希望公司能够将他调到纽约的分公司。22.（单选）I’llcomeafterthemeetingiftime________.（本题1分）A.allowsB.needsC.requiresD.permits答案：D解析：allow：允许，其主语一般为人；need：需要；require：要求，均不合题意。permit：允许，许可，主语可以是人，也可以是物。句意：如果时间允许的话，开完会后我会来。23.（单选）Tommighthavebeenkilled_______thetimelyarrivalofthepolice.（本题1分）A.exceptforB.withC.butforD.for17答案：C解析：虚拟条件有时不通过if明显表达出来，而是隐含在副词、介词短语或上下文中。butfor,butthat就是其中之一。butfor=ifitwerenotfor或ifithadnotbeenfor意思为“要不是，如果不是”。句意：要不是警察及时赶到，汤姆可能已经被杀害了。24.（单选）Heboughtanewhousethisyear,whichis______hisformerone.（本题1分）A.twiceasbigasB.twicethanC.twiceasmuchasD.twicethesizeas答案：A解析：本题涉及倍数表示发的其中之一：A+be+倍数+as+计量形容词原级+as+B。句意：他去年买了一座新房子，是他以前那座的两倍大。25.（单选）Iwasinformedthatthecontractwouldcomeinto_______onthefirstdayofthefollowingmonth.（本题1分）A.influenceB.effectC.affectD.affection答案：B解析：comeintoeffect意为：“生效，起作用”。为固定搭配。句意：我被告知合同将于下个月的第一天生效。26.（单选）Aharmonioussocietywould______considerablebenefitsforthecountryhealth.（本题1分）A.leadtoB.resultfromC.lieinD.settledown答案：A解析：leadto：引起，带来；resultfrom：由于，因为；liein：位于；settledown：建立，居住。25根据句中主语和宾语的逻辑关系可以确定正确答案。句意：和谐社会会给国家的卫生、财产和安全都带来可观的效益。27.（单选）Young______hewas,shewasequaltothetask.（本题1分）A.asB.becauseC.ifD.unless答案：A解析：as/though引导的让步状语从句要用部分倒装结构，所以将表语young提前。句意：尽管她很年轻，她也能胜任那项工作。28.（单选）ProfessorLihasneitherwatchedTVnor_____thefilmforquiteafewdays.（本题1分）A.seeB.seenC.sawD.watch答案：B解析：neithernor连接的两个成分的时态和语态应该保持一致。Neither后跟的是现在完成时，所以nor后也应跟动词的现在完成时形式，has可以省略。句意：李教授已经好几天既没看电视也没看电影了。29.（单选）Itisapitythatthreeparagraphsofmypaperwere______bymyadvisor.（本题1分）A.deletedB.skimmedC.omittedD.leftoff答案：A解析：delete：删除，删掉；skim：掠过，滑过；omit：忽略；leaveoff：中断。句意：我的论文被导师删掉了三段，好可惜！30.（单选）Thesoldierwas________ofrunningawaywhentheenemyattacked.（本题1分）A.punishedB.chargedC.scoldedD.accused答案：D解析：sb.isaccusedofdoingsth.：某人被指责做了某事；punish与scold均不能与of连用；bechargedwith意为“指控，控告”。句意：那名士兵被指责在敌人袭击时临阵脱逃。31.（单选）Theyounggirldarestodrivealoneatnight,_______?（本题1分）A.doesn’tsheB.daren’tsheC.isn’tsheD.won’tshe答案：A解析：dares在本句中是实意动词，所以变反意疑问句式借助于助动词does（主语是第二人称或复数时借助于do）；又因前半句是肯定形式，所以反意疑问句要用否定形式。句意：那个年轻女孩敢在夜晚独自驾驶，不是吗？32.（单选）Hissittingroomislinedwithallkindsofbooks,_______hehaseverread.（本题1分）A.noneofB.ofwhichC.noneD.noneofwhich答案：D解析：非限定性定语从句应该用which来引导，所以可以排除A、C，选B项的话，从句仍缺少宾语。句意：他的起居室里陈列着各种各样的书，但他一本也没有读过。33.（单选）Ienteredthehallatthe________momentwhentheconcertbegan.（本题1分）A.desiringB.accurateC.punctualD.precise答案：D解析：precise：就，恰好，attheprecisemoment意为“就在这个时候”，其他均不能用于此结构。句意：我走进大厅，恰好在这个时候音乐会开始了。34.（单选）The________ofhumanknowledgeofarebeingpushedfurtherwiththeadvancementofscienceandtechnology.（本题1分）A.edgesB.limitsC.bordersD.boundaries答案：D解析：edge：边沿，边线；limit：限度，程度；border：一般指“国界，边界”，boundaries：边界，界限。所以综合可知D最合适。句意：随着科技的进步，人类知识的界限正在进一步向外扩充。35.（单选）Hydrogenisthefundamentalelementoftheuniverse______itprovidesthebuildingblocksfromwhichtheotherelementsareproduced.（本题1分）A.sothatB.butthatC.inthatD.providedthat答案：C解析：inthat相当于because；sothat：以至于；providethat：只要；butthat：要不是。句意：氢是宇宙中的基本元素，因为它提供了产生其他因素的固体。36.（单选）Youwouldnotfeeltiredthismorningifyou_______tobedearlierlastnight.（本题1分）A.hasgoneB.wentC.hadgoneD.wouldhavegone答案：C解析：在表示虚拟语气的条件句中，从句与过去事实相反，要用过去完成时。句意：如果你做完早睡的话，今天早上你就不会感到这么累了。37.（单选）Ithasbeenraining_________fortwodays.（本题1分）A.ContinuouslyB.continuallyC.ConsciouslyD.contractively答案：A解析：continuously：持续地，连续地，不断地；continually：频繁地，多次重复地；consciously：有意思的；contractively：合同地，契约地。根据句意，雨应该是持续不断地下了两天。句意：已经连续下了两天雨了。38.（单选）Don’t_______me_______whenyou’regivingouttheinvitations.（本题1分）A.leave...offB.count…onC.leave…outD.count…up答案：C解析:leavesb./sth.off和leavesb./sth.out都有“将某人/某事漏掉；不包含某人/某物在内”的意思。leavesb./sth.out还有“冷落某人”的意思，带有感情色彩，更符合题意。Countonsb./sth.意为“赖某人，某物”；countup意为“总数为，总计”。这两个都不合题意。句意：你分发请帖时别漏掉我。39.（单选）_______achemicalchangeanewkindofsubstanceisformed.（本题1分）A.InthecaseofB.IncaseC.IncaseofD.Ineventof答案：A解析：incaseofsth.：假使，如果；incase：以防，万一；ineventof：如果，以防；三项都不符合题意。inthecauseof意为“在,,过程中”。句意：在化学变化中一种新物质生成了。40.（单选）Thenumberofregisteredparticipantsinthisyear’smarathonwashalf________.（本题1分）A.oflastyearB.thoseoflastyear’sC.ofthoselastyearD.thatoflastyear’s答案：D解析：进行比较的应该是人数（thenumber），所以用that来指代前面的thenumber，不能用those，B不正确；A、C均无引导词，也不正确。句意：报名参加今年的马拉松的人数是去年人数）的一半。Ⅱ.（简答）ReadingComprehension（本题40分）Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:PassageOneAmanoncesaidhowuselessitwastoputadvertisementsinthenewspapers.―Lastweek,‖hesaid,myumbrellawasstolenfromaLondonchurch.Asitwasapresent,Ispenttwiceitsworthinadvertising,butdidn’tgetitback.―Howdidyouwriteyouradvertisement?askedoneofthelisteners,amerchant.―Hereitis,saidtheman,takingoutofhispocketaslipcutfromanewspaper,Theothermantookitandread,―LostfromtheCityChurchlastSundayevening,ablacksilkumbrella.ThegentlemanwhofindsitwillreceivetenshillingsonleavingitatNo.10BroadStreet.―Now,‖saidthemerchant,―Ioftenadvertise,andfindthatitpaysmewell.Butthewayinwhichanadvertisementisexpressedisofextremeimportance.Letustryforyourumbrellaagain,andifitfails,I’llbuyyouanewone.Themerchantthentookaslipofpaperoutofhispocketandwrote:―IfthemanwhowasseentotakeanumbrellafromtheCityChurchlastSundayeveningdoesn’twishtogetintotrouble,hewillreturntheumbrellatoNo.10BroadStreet.Heiswellknown.Thisappearedinthepaper,andonthefollowingmorning,themanwasastonishedwhentheopenedthefrontdoor.(81)Inthedoorwaylayatleasttwelveumbrellasofallsizesandcolorsthathadbeenthrownin,andhisownwasamongthenumber.Manyofthemhadnotesfastenedtothemsayingthattheyhandbeentakenbymistake,andbeggingthelosernottosayanythingaboutthematter.41.Themanoncethoughtadvertisingwas_______.A.oflittleuseB.ofsomeuseC.practicalD.valuable答案：A解析：事实细节题。题干大意是：这个男人一度认为广告是______。从文章第一句“Amanoncesaidhowuselessitwastoputadvertisementsinthenewspapers.”可知，这个人曾经认为打广告是没有用的。故正确答案为A。42.Theresultofthefirstadvertisementwasthat______.A.themangothisumbrellabackB.themanwastedsomemoneyadvertisingC.nobodyfoundthemissingumbrellaD.theumbrellawasfoundsomewherenearthechurch答案：B解析：事实细节题。题干大意是：第一则广告的结果是_____。从文章第一段主人公所说的话“Asitwasapresent,Ispendtwiceitsworthinadvertising,butdidn’tgetitback.（因为它是别送的礼物，我花了两倍的价钱做广告，但还是没有找回伞）可知，B项为正确答案。其他项不符合题意。43.Themerchantsuggestedthatthemanshould_______.A.buyanewumbrellaB.goonlookingforhisumbrellaC.writeanotherbetteradvertisement.D.reporttothepolice答案：C解析：事实细节题。题干大意是：商人建议这个男人应当______。从文章第四段内容中，这个商人认为广告中心表达的方式是极其重要的。他准备再试着找一下，如果找不到，他会给那个人买把新的。可知,这个商人认为原来的广告写的没有力度，他准备写个更好一点的。故正确答案为C。44.Whydidthemerchantsay―Ioftenadvertiseandfindthatitpaysmewell‖?A.HeknewhowtoadvertiseB.HehadmoremoneyforadvertisingC.Hefounditeasytoadvertise.D.Hehadafriendinthenewspaperwhereheadvertised.答案：A解析：推理判断题。题干大意是：为什么这个商人说“我经常做广告并且发现从中获得不少”？从文章最后一段商人写广告收到的效果可以判断，商人的意思是他经常写广告，知道怎么才能把广告做好？故A为正确答案。45.Thisisastoryabout_________.A.auselessadvertisementB.howtomakeaneffectiveadvertisementC.howthemanlostandfoundhisumbrellaD.whatthemerchantdidfortheumbrellaowner答案：B解析：主旨大意题。题干大意为：这个故事是关于______。文章通过两则广告所带来的不同效果来说明，不同的广告语言会产生截然不同的效果，意在告诉我们怎样才能写出更有影响力的广告。由此可知，B符合文章大意。C、D两项只体现文中某一方面，不能概括全文，A项不正确。Questions46to50basedonthefollowingpassage:PassageTwoThegreatadvanceinrockertheory40yearsagoshowsthatliquid-fuelrocketswerefarsuperiorineveryrespecttotheskyrocketwithitsweaksolidfuel.However,duringthedecade,largesolid-fuelrocketswithsolidfuelsaboutaspowerfulasliquidfuelshavemadetheirappearance,anditisafavoritelayman’squestionto19inquirewhichoneis―better‖.Thequestionismeaningless.Onemightaswellaskwhetheragasolineoradieselengineis―better‖.Italldependsonthepurpose,aliquid-fuelrocketiscomplicated,buthastheadvantagethatitcanbecontrolledbeautifully.Theburningoftherocketenginecanbestoppedcompletely:itcanbereignitedwhendesired.Inaddition,thethrustcanbemadetovarybyadjustingthespeedofthefuelpumps.Asolid-fuelrocket,ontheotherhand,israthersimpleinconstruction,thoughhardtobuildwhenareallyatveryshortnotice.Aliquid-fuelrockethastobefueledfirstandcannotbeheldinreadinessforverylongafterithasbeenfueled.(82)However,onceasolid-fuelrockethasbeenignited,itwillkeepburning.Itcannotbestoppedandreignitedwheneverdesiredanditsthrustcannotbevaried.Becauseasolid-fuelrocketcanbekeptreadyforalongtime,mostmilitaryemploysolidfuels,butmannedspace-flightneedsthefineadjustmentsthatcanonlybeprovidedbyliquidfuels.Itmaybeaddedthataliquid-fuelrocketisanexpensivedevice;alargesolid-fuelrocketis,bycomparison,cheap.Butthesolidfuel,poundperpound,costsabout10timesasmuchastheliquidfuel.Soyouhave,ontheonehand,anexpensiverocketwithacheapfuelandontheotherhandacomparativelycheaprocketwithanexpensivefuel.46.Theauthorfeelsthatacomparisonofliquid-fuelandsolid-fuelrocketsshowsthat_______.A.neithertypeisveryeconomicalB.theliquid-fuelrocketisbestC.eachtypehascertainadvantagesD.thesolid-fuelrocketisbest.答案：C解析：推理判断题。题干大意是：作者对液体燃料火箭和固体燃料火箭的对比表明______。这是一篇较为典型的说明文（描述文），以比较对照的写作方式介绍火箭燃料技术。由文中内容“Italldependsonthepurpose,aliquid-fuelrocketiscomplicated,buthastheadvantagethatitcanbecontrolledbeautifully.”和“Asolid-fuelrocket,ontheotherhand,israthersimpleinconstruction,itisreadyforactionatveryshortnotice.”以及最后一句“soyouhave,ontheonehand,anexpensiverocketwithacheapfuelandontheotherhandacomparativelycheaprocketwithanexpensivefuel.”可知，它们各有千秋，各有各的优缺点。47.Themostimportantconsiderationformannedspaceflightisthattherocketbe_____.A.inexpensivetoconstructB.capableofliftingheavyspaceshiftintoorbitC.easilycontrolledD.inexpensivetooperate答案：C解析：事实细节题。题干大意是：载人航天飞机最重要的考虑是火箭要_____。由文中“butmannedspace-flightneedsthefineadjustmentsthatcanonlybeprovidedbyliquidfuels.（但是载人太空飞机需要只有液态燃料才能提供的精细的调节。）”可知，C项为正确答案。其他几项不符合文意。48.Solid-fuelrocketsareexpensivetooperatebecauseoftheir_______.A.sizeB.fuelC.constructionD.complicatedengines答案：B解析：事实细节题。题干大意是：固体燃料火箭很昂贵是因为他们的______。由文中“Butthesolidfuel,poundperpound,costsabout10timesasmuchastheliquidfuel.（但是每磅固体燃料的价钱都是液体燃料的10倍）”可知，B项为正确答案。49.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotcharacteristicofliquid-fuelrockets?A.thefuelischeapB.theyarecheaptobuild.C.theycanbestoppedandreignited.D.theymustbeusedsoonafterfueling.答案：B解析：事实细节题。题干大意是：下列哪种说法不属于液体燃料火箭的特点？由文中“Itmaybeaddedthataliquid-fuelrocketisanexpensivedevice”可知液体燃料火箭是很贵的设备。故B是错误的，A，C，D三项都是其特点。本题是选择不属于其特点的，故B项为正确答案。50.Theauthortellsusthat_______.A.whetheraliquid-fuelorasolid-fuelrocketisbetterdependsonthepurposeB.neithertypeissuperiorC.fortyyearsago,largesolid-fuelrocketswithsolid-fuelaspowerfulasliquidfuelsweremadeD.thethrustcanbemadetovarybyadjustingthedirectionofthepump答案：A解析：事实细节题。题干大意是：作者告诉我们______。从文中“Italldependsonpurpose”可知A选项是正确的。另外用排除法也可得出答案。B项明显错误，由“duringthedecade,largesolid-fuelrocketswithsolidfuelsaboutaspowerfulasliquidfuelshavemadetheirappearance”可知C项错误由“thethrustcanbemadetovarybyadjustingthespeedofthefuelpumps”可知D项错误。故正确答案为A。Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage:PassageThreeAsamediumofexchange,moneypermitstheseparationofexchangeintothetwodistinctactsofbuyingandselling.Henceproducerswhoknowtheywillbepaidinmoney,canconcentrateonfindingthemostsuitableoutletfortheirgoods,whilebuyerswhowillpayinmoney,canconcentrateonfindingthecheapestmarketforthewingstheywishtopurchase.(83)Specializationisencouraged,becausepeoplewhoseoutputisnotacompleteproductbutonlyapartofonecanbepaidanamountequivalenttotheirshareoftheproduct.Anotheradvantageofmoneyisthatitisameasureofvalue.Inabartereconomyitwouldbenecessarytodeterminehowmanyplateswereworthonehundredweightofcotton,orhowmanypensshouldbeexchangedforatonofcoal.(84)Theprocessofestablishingrelativevalueswouldhavetobeundertakenforeveryactofexchange,accordingtowhatproductswerebeingofferedagainstoneanother,andaccordingtothetwoparties’desiresandpreferences.Thirdly,moneyactsasstoreofwealth.Itisdifficulttoimaginesavingunderabartersystem.Nooneengagedononlyonestageinthemanufactureofaproductcouldsavepartofhisoutput,sincehewouldbeproducingnothingcomplete.Mostproductsdeterioratefairlyrapidly,eitherphysicallyorinvalue,asaresultoflongstorage;evenifstoragewerepossible,thepracticeofstoringproductsforyearsonendwouldinvolve20obviousdisadvantages.Ifwealthcouldnotbesaved,oronlywithgreatdifficulty,futureneedscouldnotbeprovided.51.Usingmoneyasamediumofexchangemeansthat_____.A.youhavetosellsomethinginordertobuysomethingB.youhavetobuysomethinginordertosellsomethingC.youdon’thavetobuysomethinginordertosellsomethingD.thesellerandthepurchaserarethesameperson答案：C解析：事实细节题。题干大意是：用钱作为交换的媒介意味着______。这是一篇说明文，从三个方面讲述金钱货币的作用。根据文章第一段第一句“Asamediumofexchange,moneypermitstheseparationofexchangeintothetwodistinctactsofbuyingandselling.”（作为交换的媒介，钱把买和卖这两种不同行为的交换关系区分开来。）可知，有了钱，你就不用为了卖一些东西而非得买进一些东西了。故C为正确答案。52.Specializationisencouragedbecause_______.A.peoplecanusetheirmoneytobuywhatevertheywantB.peoplegetpaidaccordingtotheirshareoftheproduct.C.peoplepaygreatattentiontothemanufactureofaproductD.peoplecannotusetheirmoneytobuywhatevertheywant答案：D解析：推理判断题。题干大意是：鼓励专业化生产是因为______。由第一段最后一句“Specializationisencouraged,becausepeoplewhoseoutputisnotacompleteproductbutonlyapartofonecanbepaidanamountequivalenttotheirshareoftheproduct.（鼓励专业化生产，因为尽管专业化生产者生产的不是成品而是部件，他们依然能够得到应得的劳动报酬。）”可知,B为正确答案。53.Abartereconomyisoneinwhich_______.A.valueisdecidedbyweightB.valueisdecidedbynumberC.moneyisusedandgoodsarenotexchangedD.goodsareexchangedandmoneyisnotused答案：D解析：推理判断题。题干大意是：物物交换经济指的是______。由文章第二段第二句“Inabarter27economyforatonofcoal.（在物物交换经济中，有必要确定一百斤重的棉花值多少个盘子或者一吨煤能换多少支笔。）”可推断，在物物交换经济中，只是实行货物交换，无需用钱。故D为正确答案。54.Ifonehadtosaveproductsinsteadofmoney,__________.A.thiswouldneedyearsofpracticeB.coal,forexample,wouldloseitsvalueC.theycouldnotbestoredforyearsonendD.manyproductswouldlosetheirvalue答案：D解析：事实细节题。题干大意是：如果人们储存产品而不是钱，______。根据文章第三段第四句“Mostproductsdeteriorate（变坏）fairlyrapidly,eitherphysicallyorinvalue,asaresultoflongstorage（由于长时间的存储，大部分产品无论是产品本身还是在价值上很快就会变质或贬值。）”可知，如果人们储存产品而不是钱，那么很多产品就会失去其价值。故选D。55.Howmanyadvantagesofmoneyarementionedinthispassage?A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.Five答案：B解析：事实细节题。题干大意是：文中提到了钱的几处优点？由文章每段的首句的关键词就可得出答案。由文中的“Anotheradvantage”和“Thirdly”可知文章共介绍了钱的三大优点。正确答案选B。Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage:PassageFourTherearetwocommonexplanationsfororiginoftipping.TheOxfordEnglishDictionarysaystipwasseventeenth-centuryunderworldslangfor—giveasin―Tipmeyourmoneyoryourlife.Opponents(85)oftippingwillprobablypreferthisexplanation,sinceitsuggeststhepracticeasoriginallyaformofrobbery.Alessreputable,butnonethelesscharmingexplanationisthatinRenaissance(文艺复兴)coffeehouses,boxesweresetnearthedoor,intowhichcustomerscoulddropmoney:Theseboxes,accordingtothestory,borethelegend―ToInsurePromptitude,whichwasultimatelyshortenedtoTIP.Whetheritwasaservingwomanorabosswithhisorhereyeondepressingwageswhofirstthoughtuptheidea,thestorydoesnotsay.TippingbecamecommoninEnglandbythemiddleoftheeighteenthcentury.Becauseitisill-suitedtoacountrywithoutanestablishedservantclass,itdidnotcatchoninAmericauntilaftertheCivilWar,whenformerslaveholderssuddenlyfoundthemselveshavingtopaythehelpandwhennew-richindustrialistsadoptedtheEuropeanfashion.Bytheturnofthecentury,wehadmadethecustomourown,andtheAmerican―bigtipperwasonhisway.Today,althoughthelinesbetweenbribery(贿赂)andthanksforservicesremainasvagueasever,tippinghasbecomeuniversal,notleastbecause,inanincreasinglyuncertaineconomy,itprovidesthegrowingserviceclasswithincomethatisatleastasreliableaswagesandthatislesssubjecttotaxreview.Notsurprisingly,governmentofficialsasamongthefewdie-hardswhostillquestionthetippingsystem.Theyhaveapointtoo.Tippers’InternationalAssociationestimatesthatU.S.workersgetabout$5billionayearintips.56.Intheseventeenthcentury,tipwasprobablyawordusedby_____.A.lawbreakersB.customersC.waitressesD.coffeehousebosses答案：A解析：推理判断题。题干大意是：在17世纪，“tip”有可能是被用于______的词。由文章第一段第二句和第三句的内容可知,在17世纪，tip作为俚语在下层社会（under-world）中使用，是give的意思如：“给我你的钱，要不就留下你的命。”反对给小费的人也许更喜欢这种解释，因为该解释暗示了给小费这种做法是源自抢劫的一种形式。故选项A符合文意。B“顾客”；C“女服务员”；D“咖啡店老板”都不符合文义。57.TippingdidnotbecomepopularinU.S.untilaftertheCivilWarbecause______.A.thecountrywasfreeofaservantclass21B.formerslaveholdersdidnotwanttopaythehelpC.northernindustrialistsrefusedtoadopttheEuropeanfashionD.tippingwascontradictorytotheAmericancustom答案：A解析：事实细节题。题干大意是：“小费”直到内战之后才在美国风行起来是因为______。由文章第二段“itdidnotcatchoninAmericauntilafterthecivilwar,whenformerslaveholderssuddenlyfoundthemselveshavingtopaythehelpandwhennew-richindustrialistsadoptedtheEuropeanfashion.”可知美国是在内战之后，奴隶制被废除，新富裕起来的工人阶级接受欧洲的时尚之后，“Tipping”才受欢迎的。故A项为正确答案。58.Tippingisuniversallyacceptedmainlybecause_______.A.itisaneasywaytomakemoneyB.itensurespeopleagoodandpromptserviceC.itenablestheserviceclasstobefreefromtaxesD.itsuppliestheserviceclasswithasortofreliableincome答案：D解析：事实细节题。题干大意是：消费被普遍接受主要是因为______。从文中第三段“tippinghasbecomeuniversal,notleastbecause,inanincreasinglyuncertaineconomy,itprovidesthegrowingserviceclasswithincomethatisatleastasreliableaswagesandthatislesssubjecttotaxreview.”可知小费可以给服务阶层提供一种可靠的收入。故D为正确答案。59.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethegovernmentofficialsattitudestowardsthetippingsystem?A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Doubtful.D.Indifferent.答案：C解析：事实细节题。题干大意是：下列哪个词可以更好地描述政府官员对消费体制的态度？由文中第三段第二句“Notsurprisingly,governmentofficialsareamongthefewdie-hardswhostillquestionthetippingsystem.（毫无疑问，政府官员属于那些仍然质疑消费体制的少数顽固派。）”可知，只有C（充满疑问的）与question比较接近。A“积极的”，B“消极的”，D“冷漠的，漠不关心的”都与文意无关。60.Thepassageisabout_______.A.theoriginoftippingB.thepracticeoftippinginU.SC.thepopularityoftippingD.theshapingofthetippingsystem答案：D解析：主旨大意题。题干大意是：这篇文章是关于______。通读全文，可知本文是讲述小费的形成及发展历程。第一段将消费的起源，接下来讲述小费制度在美国的形成情况。A项仅涉及小费的起源，只是其中一个方面。故选D。III.（简答）ClozeTest(本题20分)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDbelowthepassage.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswersheet.Henry’sjobwastoexaminecarscrossingthefrontiertomakesurethattheywerenotsmuggling(走私)anythingintothecountry.Everymorning,exceptweekends,he61seeafactoryworkercomingupthehilltowardthefrontier,62abicyclewithabigloadofoldstrawonit.Whenthebicycle63thefrontier,Henryusedtostopthemanand64himtakethestrawoffand65it.Thenhewouldexaminethestrawverycarefullytosee66hewouldfindanything,afterwhichhewouldlookinalltheman67helethimtiethestrawup’spocketsagain.Themanwouldthenpullitonhisbicycleandgooffdownthehillwithit.AlthoughHenrywasalways68tofindgoldorjewelryorothervaluablethings69inthestraw,heneverfound70,eventhoughheexamineditverycarefully.Hewassurethatthemanwas71something,buthewasnot72toimaginewhatitcouldbe.Thenonemorning,afterhehadlooked73thestrawandemptiedthefactoryworker’spockets74usua