教学课件-MBA研究生英语综合教程(第二版)

Unit1GlobalizationLEAD-IN2RelatedExpressionsinternationalizationlocalizationencompassassumptionadaptanticipate3Lead-inQuestionsWhatdoessuccessfulglobalizationinvolve?Whatwillhappenifglobalconcernsandplansforafter-marketsupportarenotmadebeforeproductdevelopmentbegins?Whattechnicalprocessesdoesglobalizationcomprise?Whatdoesinternationalizationmean?Howislocalizationdefinedinthepassage?4Whatdoessuccessfulglobalizationinvolve?Successfulglobalizationinvolveschangingthewayanorganizationdoesbusiness.5Whatwillhappenifglobalconcernsandplansforafter-marketsupportarenotmadebeforeproductdevelopmentbegins?Costswillgoupandqualityproblemswillemerge.6Whattechnicalprocessesdoesglobalizationcomprise?Internationalizationandlocalization.7Whatdoesinternationalizationmean?Itmeansthatallculturalassumptionsareremovedandanycountry-orlanguage-specificcontentisstoredexternallytotheproductsothatitcanbeeasilyadapted.8Howislocalizationdefinedinthepassage?Localizationreferstotheactualadaptationoftheproductforaspecificmarket.9

Thinkaboutwhetherglobalizationismakingtheworldbetterorworse.Usespecificexamplestosupportyourideas.10FreeTrade11GlobalWarming12READING13UsefulExpressionsinterconnectancientdramaticallytariffsubsidyboostdistributerestructurepercapitanetassetneo-liberalwithdrawtelephonyrevolutionizeautomationdisplaceinterdependence14UsefulExpressionsinterconnect

使互相连接，使互相联系Thecausesaremanyandmayinterconnect.

原因很多，而且还可能互相关联。15UsefulExpressionsancient年代久远的，悠久的TheybelievedancientGreeceandRomewerevitalsourcesoflearning.

他们认为古希腊和古罗马是至关重要的知识来源。

16UsefulExpressionsdramatically显著地，引人注目地Notonlyhaveweovercomethemall,Buffettpointedout,butourstandardoflivinghasincreaseddramatically–nearlysevenfoldinthelastcentury.

巴菲特指出，我们不仅完全克服了他们而且在这个世纪末我们的生活标准戏剧性地增长了近七倍。17UsefulExpressionstariff关税Americawantstoeliminatetariffsonitemssuchaselectronics.

美国想要取消电子类产品的关税。18UsefulExpressionssubsidy补贴金Europeanfarmersareplanningamassivedemonstrationagainstfarmsubsidycuts.

欧洲的农场主们正在策划一场反对削减农场补贴的大游行。19UsefulExpressionsboost促进，推进Lowerinterestratescanboosttheeconomybyreducingborrowingcostsforconsumersandbusinesses.

低利率可以通过为消费者和商家降低借贷成本来促进经济发展。Weneedabigwintoboostourconfidence.

我们需要一场大胜来增强我们的自信心。20UsefulExpressionsdistribute分布，分散Wedidn’tunderstandhowdifficultitwastodistributeanationalpaper.

我们不明白配销一份全国性的报纸有多么困难。21UsefulExpressionsrestructure重新建构ThepresidentcalledoneducatorsandpoliticianstohelphimrestructureAmericaneducation.

该总统号召教育家和政治家们帮助他重新建构美国的教育。22UsefulExpressionspercapita人均的Theyhavetheworld'slargestpercapitaincome.

他们有世界上最高的人均收入。23UsefulExpressionsnet净的，纯的Whatyouactuallyreceiveisnetofdeductions.

你实际上得到的是净扣除额。Therehasbeenanetgaininjobsinourcountry.

我们国家的工作机会最终还是增多了。24UsefulExpressionsasset资本，资产Ourcreativityinthefieldoftechnologyisourgreatestasset.

我们在技术领域的创造力是我们最大的资本。Bytheendof1989thegrouphadassetsof$3.5billion.

到1989年底该集团已有35亿美元的资产。25UsefulExpressionsneo-liberal新自由主义Sowhatlessonsaretobelearnedfromthefailureoftheneo-liberaleconomicmodel?

那么我们到底要从新自由主义经济模式的失败中吸取些什么教训呢？26UsefulExpressionswithdraw撤出（资本）Hestatedthatallforeignforceswouldwithdrawassoonasthecrisisended.

他声明危机一结束所有外国军队就会撤退。Openasavingsaccountthatdoesnotchargeridiculousfeestowithdrawmoney.

开立一个取钱时不荒唐地收取费用的储蓄账户。27UsefulExpressionstelephony通话Theseopticalfibersmaybeusedfornewsortsoftelephony.

这些光纤可以应用在新型电话通讯系统。28UsefulExpressionsrevolutionize彻底改革Overthepastfortyyearsplasticshaverevolutionizedthewaywelive.

在过去40年里，塑料完全改变了我们的生活方式。29UsefulExpressionsautomation自动化Theyphraseinnewmachineryforincreasedautomation.

他们逐步采用新机器以提高自动化程度。30UsefulExpressionsdisplace取代，替代Thesefactorieshavedisplacedtourismasthecountry’slargestsourceofforeignexchange.

这些工厂已经取代了旅游业而成为该国最大的外汇来源。31UsefulExpressionsinterdependence相互依赖However,Ihaveatleastacertaindegreeofawarenessofthisinterdependence.

不过，我至少一定程度上意识到了这种相互依赖性。32StartingUpQuestionWhatcharacterizesthephenomenonofglobalization?Doyouthinktheeffectsofglobalizationarepositiveornegative?33Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly1.Whathascausedthegrowthofworldtradesince1955?Thegrowthintradehasbeenlargelycausedbydramaticimprovementsincommunicationandtransportandtheadoptionoffreetradeprinciplesacrosstheworld.34Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly2.Whathasbeenarguedaboutnationaleconomies?Nationaleconomiesthattradeopenlyandfreelywiththeinternationaleconomyhaveconsistentlygrownmuchfasterthanthosecountriesthattrytoisolatethemselves.35Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly3.WhyhaveLDCsinAfricanandnetfood-importingcountrieshadlittlebenefitfrominternationalfreetradeagreements?ReasonsincludethecontinuedsubsidizationoffoodproductioninpartsofthedevelopedworldanddependenceofLDCeconomiesoncommoditiesratherthanmanufacturedgoodsandservices.36Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly4.Whatarethesolutionsadvocatedbyneo-liberaleconomistsandpoliticalleaders?Solutionsincludedprivatizingallstateenterprises,removingallobstaclestoforeigninvestment,loweringtaxes,reducinggovernmentspendingandremovingcontrolsonfinancialinstitutions.37Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly5.Whyhavesomesectorssuchasagricultureandmanufacturingwitnessedsignificantdropsinemployment?Itisduetoincreasedautomationorbecausetheenterpriseshavenotkeptupwithrapidchangesintheglobalmarketplace.38CompletethefollowingpassagebyfillingeachofthenumberedblankswithonesuitablewordRapidadvances

ininformationtechnologyhaveimprovedproductivityinmostindustries.Newindustries,suchasInternetService

Providers,andnewformsofemployment,suchasITspecialists,havealsobeencreated.Businesspractices

havebeenevolutionizedbythefreeflowofinformationandautomatingtechnologieswhichallowproducerstoaccessraw

materialsjustwhentheyneedthemandsupply

productsinamoretimelymanner.Thewaywebuy

andsellproductshasalsochangeddramaticallywiththeemergenceofe-businesses,suchasAmazon.Informationaboutfinancialmarkets

canspreadaroundtheworldatincreasingspeeds

andfinancialtransactions

canoccurinasplitsecond.Asaresult,enterprises,individualsandevennationshaveincreasedaccesstocapital

andfinancialproductsforinvestmentorspeculation.advancesServicepracticesrawsupplybuymarketsspeedstransactionscapital39TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish1.随着全球化戏剧性地重塑我们的世界，人们仍在激烈争论全球化是带来了积极影响还是消极影响。Asglobalizationdramaticallyreshapesourworld,debatesrageaboutwhethertheeffectsofglobalizationarepositiveornegative.40TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish2.最近几十年的国际贸易会议通过降低关税和补贴，有效促进了富裕国家间的制成品贸易。Internationaltrademeetingsinrecentdecadeshavehelpedboosttradeinmanufacturedgoodsbetweenrichcountriesbyreducingtariffsandsubsidies.41TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish3.该系统已允许他们重建经济，并使他们成为原材料的进口商和更有价值的人造材料及后续服务的出口商。Thesystemhasallowedthemtorestructuretheireconomiessothattheybecomeimportersofrawmaterialsandexportersofmorevaluablemanufacturedmaterialsand,later,services.42TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish4.这种资本自由流动于全球，但其所有权仍高度集中于富裕国家和一些发展中国家。Thiscapitalflowsfreelyaroundtheglobebutownershipofthecapitalishighlyconcentratedamongrichcountriesandafewdevelopingcountries.43TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish5.金融市场的信息以不断增加的速度在世界各地传播，且金融交易可以在转瞬间发生。Informationaboutfinancialmarketscanspreadaroundtheworldatincreasingspeedsandfinancialtransactionscanoccurinasplitsecond.44LISTENING45A.Matchthefollowingwordswiththeirmeanings1.I2.j3.a4.e5.g6.h7.b8.c9.d10.f46B.Answerthefollowingquestions1.Globalizationstillremainsonthesurface.2.Absolutely!Eveninmoredevelopedregionsthispracticeholdstrue.3.Itcouldbethatculturewillultimatelybecomehomogenized,butitwouldtakeawhile.47B.Answerthefollowingquestions4.Inthe1950sand1960s,AsialookeduptotheUnitedStatesasamodelofmodernization.Now,AsianslookmoreatthedarksideoftheAmericansocietyandtheyfeelthatAmericaisnotaveryattractivemodel.48C.WriteyouranswersinthespacesprovidedComponentsofCultureDeepermoralnormsthataffecthowpeoplelinktogether.DeeperIdentitiesforCultureLanguage,socialnetwork,religion,andraceSocialNetworkinLatin-AmericanCountriesManyofthelargestcompaniesarealmostalwayscontrolledbyagroupoffamilies.49D.Writeyouranswersinthespacesprovided1.Asetofculturalattributesthatmustaccompanyeconomicmodernizationincludeagreaterdegreeofindividualism.Thatistosay,peoplewillbeevaluatedontheirachievementratherthanintermsoftheirfamilybackgrounds.2.

ThatpeopleseemtothinkglobalizationisgoingtobemuchmorehomogenizingthanitreallyisbothersProfessorCarterabouttherecentdiscussionsofglobalization.3.Itistheprosperity

broughtaboutbyglobalizationthatpermitsculturestoreallyasserttheirownuniqueness.individualismachievement2.Thatpeopleseemtothinkglobalizationisgoingtobemuchmorehomogenizingthanitreallyisprosperity50E.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrue(T)orFalse(F)1.F2.T3.F51SPEAKING52A.Toensurethatthefreetradecangosmoothly,someregionalandinternationaleconomicorganizationshavebeenbuiltup.Matchthetwocolumns,andsharewiththeclasswhatyouknowabouttheseorganizations,basedonyourpreviousknowledgeandresearchontheInternet.53B.Participateinamockglobaltradeconference,inwhichrepresentativesofmanycountriesdiscussimportantinternationaltradeissuessuchasbarriers,tariffsandquotas.Eachstudentorapairofstudentsshouldresearchanassignedcountry,investigatingthecountry’simports,exports,economicstabilityorinstability,politicalatmosphere,currentevents,andanyotherrelevantinformation.Studentsthenrepresenttheirassignedcountries’viewsinthemocktradeconference,alwaysrememberinghowthegroups’decisionswillaffecttheir“homecountries”.54EXTENDEDTASK55Readthefollowingpassage“Wemustresistde-globalization”byDavidGreenawayanddiscusswhatlessonsyoucanlearn.56Globalizationisstillanemotiveword,butthephenomenonhasbeengoingonforcenturies.WhathavetheRomanseverdoneforus?Well,theyplayedtheirpart.China’sHanDynasty(206BC-AD220)wasacrucialcomponentofthesamewell-establishedtradenetworkof2,000yearsago,andnowthecountryonceagainstandsattheheartoftheworldeconomy.ButfewnationsknowbetterthanChinathatglobalizationcangobackwardaswellasforward.Witnessthe400yearsofisolationbeforethesweepingeconomicreformsthathavewroughtsuchadramatictransformationduringthepastthreedecades.Now,quitesuddenly,thethreatofisolationismloomsagain.Allovertheworld,bankersandinvestorshaveretreatedtotheirdomesticmarkets,drivenbackbytheenervatingeffectsoftheglobalfinancialmeltdown.57Twoyearsago,theBankforInternationalSettlements(BIS)releasedanalarmingsetoffiguresthatrevealedcross-borderlendinghadplummetedby$4.8trillion(3.37trillioneuros)intheninemonthstoDecember2008.Thiswasthemostdramaticfalleverrecorded.Althoughitslatestfiguresinevitablydemonstrateameasureofrecovery,thesameinstitutionrecentlywarnedthatdivergencebetweenmarketsmeansthereisgreateruncertaintynowthanbeforewhathasbecomeknownastheGreatRecession.Itwasataroundthesametimethattherecordfallincross-borderlendingwasannouncedthatChinafirstfloatedtheideaofasuper-sovereignreservecurrencytosupplanttheUSdollar.Astheoncemightywaveoffinancialglobalizationreceded,thisrepresentedadramaticstatementofintentfromtheworld'semergingsuperpower.58Toremindusthisconcepthasbynomeansbeenforgotten,XuHong-cai,adeputydirectorattheChinaCenterforInternationalEconomicExchanges,recentlyproducedapaperthatcalledforanendtothedominanceofthedollarintheinterestsof“stabilityandfairness”.HiscallwaspublicizedaheadofaG20seminaratwhichChina’sownexchangeratewasnotupfordiscussion.Withconfidencelowandtensionshigh,itseemstheonlythingthecreditcrunchhashelpedtospreadisfear.Wefindourselvespotentiallyteeteringonthebrinkonaneraofde-globalization-andthatisaworryingprospect.Atthispointitmightbeofbenefittoreassureourselvesthattheterm“globalization”,althoughitbecamewidespreadonlyinthelatterpartofthe20thcentury,isbynomeansanewoccurrence.59AncientEgypt’stradeintheNearEastmightbeconsideredanearlyexample.Morerecognizably,theSilkRoadbetweenChinaandtheRomanEmpireandtheeffortsoftradersandexplorersduringtheIslamicGoldenAgerepresentimportantlandmarksintheprocess.Fast-forwardtothepresentdayandwefindatrulyworldwidenexusoftrade,technologicalandfinancialintegration,investmentandmigration,embodiedandexemplifiedbyglobalorganizationsincludingtheInternationalMonetaryFundandtheWorldTradeOrganization.Insomerespects,theso-calleddeathofdistanceisallbutcomplete.Thecriticismsofglobalizationarewellknown.Increasedinequality,povertyandsocialexclusion,imbalancesineconomicpoweranddoublestandardsininternationalrulesareregularlycited.Theypresentchallengesthathavetobemanaged.However,theymustbeweighedagainstveryrealandtangiblegains.60Globalizationbringsmoreefficientuseofscarceresources,agreaterandcheaperrangeofgoodsandservices,reducedpoverty,fastereconomicgrowthandrisinglivingstandards.Thelasttwoofthesebenefitsareclearlylinked.Takingsomerandomexamples,wecaneasilydemonstratehowevensmalldifferencesingrowthratesleadtolargedifferencesinlivingstandards.In1900,theGDPpercapitaofArgentinaandAustriawas$2,765and$2,882ayear.Duringthecourseofthenextcenturytheirgrowthrateswere1.13percentand1.94percent.By2000,theirGDPpercapitawas$8,544and$20,077.Lookingatmorerecentsuccessstories,bothChinaandIndiahadhighlyprotectiveandinward-lookingeconomiespriortothe1990s.Evenby1992China’stariffsonimportsaveragedmorethan40percentandIndia’saprohibitive90percent.By2008,China’saveragetariffwasunder10percentandIndia'sunder30percent.61Todate,China,ofcourse,hassubstantiallyoutperformedIndia.Greaterrolesforforeigndirectinvestment,exportdevelopmentandtechnologyupgrading-allkeyelementsofglobalization-havebeencrucialtothedisparity.China’srisehasbecomeperhapsthedefiningstoryofglobalization.Moredramaticallythananyothernation,ithasshownhowincreasedglobalizationcanleadtoanincreaseinboththequantityandqualityofavailableproductiveassets.Globally,meanwhile,thenumbersspeakforthemselves.Worldwidemerchandisetradein2005-2006amountedto$11.8trillionandservicestrade$2.7trillion;foreigninvestmentflowsstoodat$916billion;andforeigninvestmentstockswereworth$10.1trillion.62Alittleoverayearlater,somewhereintheUnitedStatessubprimemortgagemarket,thetidebegantoturn.Thankstothecreditcrunchandthecripplingdreaditengendered,cross-borderflows-inmanywaystheverylifebloodofglobalization-allbutseizedup.ThiswasespeciallynotableintheUS,whichsuffereda$109billionexodusofforeigncapitalinthefinalthreequartersof2008.Inthepreviousninemonthstherewasa$774billioninflow.Foritsownpart,seeminglypromptedbytherescueofBearStearns,theUSrepatriated$750billioninthelastthreequartersof2008.Withdomesticlendingdominant,suddenlyprotectionismwasverymuchbackontheagenda-andtheprospectenduresin2011.EmergingmarketsinEuropeandtheformerSovietUnioncanexpecttosufferparticularlybadlyfromthistrend,sinceitisforeignerswhoownmuchoftheirbankingsystems.Butnobodycanexpecttoescape.63Thiswasnothowitwasmeanttobe.Economicinstabilityhasalwaysbeenalikelyobstacletoglobalization,buttradewarsandthefailureofWTOtalks-notbadmortgages-havetraditionallybeenviewedasthelikelytriggers.Ofcourse,wehavelearnttoexpecttheunexpected.InrecentyearsalonetheworldeconomyhasenduredSept11,warsinAfghanistanandIraq,SARSandtheAsiantsunami-andglobalizationsurvivedthemall.Similarly,itcamethroughthecollapseoftheBrettonWoodssystem,thedebtcrisisofthemid-1970s,theoilshocksof1973and1980,hyper-inflation,thefallofCommunisminEuropeandtheAsianfinancialcrisis.NowtheJapaneseearthquake,theso-calledArabSpringandwidespreadsovereigndebtcrisespresentnewchallenges.64De-globalization,likeglobalization,ishardlyanewphenomenon.Theeconomicchaosofthe1930sandtheSovietblocintheaftermathofWorldWarIIarejusttwoobviousinstancesofde-globalizing-and,indeed,thepainfulconsequencesitcanbring.Itisalmostimpossibletoimaginewewillplumbsuchdepthsagain.Evenamidthecurrentturmoil,globalizationisveryprobablytoofaradvanced,tooentrenched,toallowthattohappen.Itmaywellbe,asmanycommentatorshavealreadypointedout,thatthebestwecanexpectprotemporeisto“muddlethrough”;andthis,bycommonconsent,ispreciselywhatwehavebeendoing.Wecanonlyhopeitistheveryleastwemanage-otherwisetherepercussionswillbefeltfarandwideandforyearstocome.65Thankyouforyourattention!UNIT2COMPANYPROFILE67LEAD-IN68intelligencecampaignsubscriptionsubsidiarylongevityneighboringcomplementaffiliation69RELATEDEXPRESSIONSLEAD-INQUESTIONSWhatare“businesscompanyprofiles”?Whataretheobjectivesofusing“businesscompanyprofiles”?Whatisthecomponentofacompanyprofilethatincludestopexecutiveprofiles?Whatdopremierbusinessinformationproviderscomplementcompanyprofileswith?70WHATARE“BUSINESSCOMPANYPROFILES”?Businesscompanyprofilesareavaluablesourceofbusinessintelligenceoncompetitors,prospects,customersandpotentialsuppliers.71WHATARETHEOBJECTIVESOFUSING“BUSINESSCOMPANYPROFILES”?Theyareusedbyprofessionalsthatrequirebusinessinformationtomeetobjectivessuchas:preparingformeetingsandsalescalls,valuatingnewbusinessopportunities,planningmarketingcampaignsandpreparingsalesandfinancialforecasts.72Whatisthecomponentofacompanyprofilethatincludestopexecutiveprofiles?Listingsofseniorstafftosupportmarketingcampaignsandmeetingpreparation.73Whatdopremierbusinessinformationproviderscomplementcompanyprofileswith?Premierbusinessinformationproviderscomplementcompanyprofileswithin-depthbusinessreportsonspecificareasofinterest.74achartofcompanyprofilecomponentsSnapshotoftop-linedatatogiveasenseforcompanysize,longevityandviabilityCompanyinformationthatshowshowacompanyisorganizedBusinessdescriptionshowinghowthecompanypositionsitselfListingsofseniorstafftosupportmarketingcampaignsandmeetingpreparationFinancialhealthdataMarketpositiondatathatshowshowthecompanycompetesAnnouncementsandnewscoverage75READING76UsefulExpressionsdiversifiedintegrateheadquartercardiacacutegroomingportfoliodefibrillatorcardiovascularexpertiseluminairedomainleveragefootprintprocurementhazardousstakeholderactionable77UsefulExpressionsdiversified

多种经营的，多元化的Wecouldalsoencouragemorerentals;thenpeoplecouldholdadiversifiedportfolio.

我们也可鼓励出租，那么人们就会持有多样化的投资组合。78UsefulExpressionsintegrate

使结合，使合并Hedidn’tintegratesuccessfullyintotheItalianwayoflife.

他没有成功融入到意大利的生活方式中去。Integrating

thekidswith

thecommunityisessential.

使孩子们融入这个社区是非常必要的。79UsefulExpressionsheadquarter

在……设总部的They

headquartered

inNewYork.

他们在纽约设立了总部。80UsefulExpressionscardiac

心脏的；心脏病的Themanwassufferingfromcardiacweakness.

这人当时正患心脏衰弱。81UsefulExpressionsacute

严重的；危急的Thewarhasaggravatedanacuteeconomiccrisis.

这场战争加剧了一场严峻的经济危机。Thereporthascausedacuteembarrassment

tothegovernment.

这份报告使政府极其尴尬。82UsefulExpressionsgrooming

修饰；打扮...agrowingconcernforpersonalgrooming.…对个人打扮越来越多的关注。83UsefulExpressionsportfolio

资产组合，投资搭配Wecouldalsoencouragemorerentals;thenpeoplecouldholdadiversifiedportfolio.

我们也可鼓励出租，那么人们就会持有多样化的投资组合。...RogerEarly,aportfoliomanageratFederatedInvestorsCorp.…罗杰·厄尔利，联合投资者公司的投资组合经理。84UsefulExpressionsdefibrillator

除纤颤器，去纤颤器Hesaidthatif

adefibrillatorwasrecommended,itwasreasonableforpatientstoasktheirdoctorsiftheymettheguidelines,andalsotoaskifthedoctorwasanelectrophysiologist.

他说，如果医生建议植入除颤器，患者有理由询问是否依据了前述的指导方针，也有理由询问医生是否为电生理学专家。85UsefulExpressionscardiovascular

心血管的Smokingplacesyouatseriousriskofcardiovascularandrespiratorydisease.

吸烟会严重增加罹患心血管和呼吸道疾病的风险。86UsefulExpressionsexpertise

专门技能；专业知识Shewasnotanaccountantanddidn’thavetheexpertise

toverifyallofthefinancialdetails.

她不是会计，不具有核查所有这些财政细目的专业知识。87UsefulExpressionsluminaire

照明设备；光源AluminaireshallbemountedonthetestapparatusofClause16.11,directlyovertheoutletbox,intheintendedmanner.

灯具应当按所需要的方式直接装在第16.11条中所指的测试设备上，在出线盒的正上方。88UsefulExpressionsdomain

网域，域名AnInternetsocietyspokeswomansaid

.orgdomainusers

willnotexperienceanydisruptionsduringthetransition.

一位互联网协会的女发言人说，在这次过渡中，域名为的用户不会受到任何影响。89UsefulExpressionsleverage

补充（如金钱）支持；影响力Hispositionasmayorgiveshim

leverage

togetthingsdone.

他的市长身份使他有能力办成一些事情。90UsefulExpressionsfootprint

足迹；影响Hisfootprints

wereclearlyevidentintheheavydust.

他的脚印在厚厚的尘土上清晰可见。91UsefulExpressionsprocurement

采购；征购Russiawascuttingprocurementofnewweapons

“byabout80percent,”hesaid.

他说俄罗斯正“以大约百分之八十的幅度”削减新武器的补给。92UsefulExpressionshazardous

危险的；有害的Theyhavenowaytodisposeofthehazardouswaste

theyproduce.

他们没法处理那些由他们制造出来的危害性废弃物。93UsefulExpressionsstakeholder

利益相关者；股东...theDelawareRiverPortAuthority,amajorstakeholder

inPenn’sLanding.…特拉华河港务局，佩恩码头的一个大股东。

94UsefulExpressionsactionable

随时付诸实施的Forcriticism,Iseekoutanyactionablesuggestions

fromtheircomments.

对于批评，我会从他们的评论中寻找任何可行的建议。95StartingUpQuestionsWhatisthefocusofRoyalPhilipsElectronics?Whatcharacterizesitasaworldleaderinindustry?96Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly1.WhatarethefieldsofPhilipsasamarketleader?Philipsisamarketleaderincardiaccare,acutecareandhomehealthcare,energyefficientlightingsolutionsandnewlightingapplications,aswellaslifestyleproductsinmaleshavingandgrooming,portableentertainmentandoralhealthcare.97Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly2.HowdoesPhilipsviewitsadvancedhealthcaresolutions?Advancedhealthcaresolutionsareafundamentalpartoftheportfolioforbothhealthcareprofessionalsandconsumers,tomeettheneedsofpatientsinhospitalsandathome.98Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly3.HowdoesPhilipsrespondtotheconsumer’sdesireforwellnessandpleasure?Philipsrespondstotheconsumer’sdesireforwellnessandpleasurebyintroducingproductsthatmeettheindividual’sinterestsintermsoftheirbodyandappearance.99Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly4.WhatisthestrategythatPhilipshasadoptedforinnovation?PhilipshasadoptedanOpenInnovationstrategywhichleveragesthejointinnovativepowerofpartneringcompaniesandresearcherstobringmoreinnovationstothemarketeffectivelyandfaster.100Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly5.WhatisanEcoDesignprocess?AnEcoDesignprocessistoidentifyenvironmentalimpactofallPhilipsproductsintermsofenergyefficiency,hazardoussubstances,take-backandrecycling,weightandlifetimereliability.101CompletethefollowingpassagebyfillingeachofthenumberedblankswithonesuitablewordPhilipsLightingistheleadingprovideroflightingsolutionsandapplicationsbothforprofessionalandconsumermarkets,transforminghowlightingisusedtoenhancethehumanexperienceintheplaceswherepeopleliveandwork.Whetherathome,ontheroad,inthecity,shopping,atworkoratschool,wearecreatinglightingsolutionsthattransformenvironments,createexperiences,andhelpshapeidentities.WeserveourcustomersthroughamarketsegmentapproachwhichencompassesHomes,OfficeandOutdoor,Industry,Retail,Hospitality,Entertainment,HealthcareandAutomotive.Forthesesegmentsweprovideawiderangeofofferingsfromacrosstheentirelightingvaluechain—fromlightsources,luminairesandlightingcontrolstolightingsolutionsandservices.PhilipsLightingemploysapproximately53,000peopleworldwide.102providermarketsworklightingshapesegmentRetailHealthcarechainemploysTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish1.我们的灯具在欧洲、拉美和亚太市场排名第一，北美第二；在汽车照明行业，我们在欧洲、拉美、日本及亚太遥遥领先。WearenumberoneinlampsinEurope,LatinAmericaandAsiaPacificandnumbertwoinNorthAmerica;inAutomotivelighting,weareleadinginEurope,LatinAmerica,JapanandAsiaPacific.103TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish2.在“精于心，简于形”的品牌承诺和消费者内在需求的指引下，飞利浦优质生活提供了丰富且全新的消费体验，以满足消费者渴望轻松生活和改善精神状态的需求。Guidedbythebrandpromiseof“senseandsimplicity”andtheconsumerinsights,PhilipsConsumerLifestyleoffersrich,newconsumerexperiencesthatm