考研英语阅读理解-(五)

考研英语阅读理解-（五）

（总分：100.00,做题时间：90分钟）

一、{{B}}SectionIReadingComprehension{{/B}}（总题数：4,分数：100.00）

Theloveaffairwithbusinessstartedinthe1980sandhasgrowninto

amightypassionbackednotjustbymoneybutbyglamourandclass.

In2009themoneyranout,butthemoodwasoneofsuchchaosand

confusionthatitwashardtotellwhatwasgoingonunderneath.In

2010itwillbecomeclearthattheclassandglamouraredraining

awayfrombusinesstoo.Itwillbetheendoftheaffair:business

willbecoolnolonger.

Throughoutthisaffairthebusinessschoolsplayedtheroleofcupid.

First,theymadethestudyofbusinessintoan（almost）respectable

academicdiscipline.Moreimportantly,theymadeitsocially

acceptable,somethingeventheclassiestpersoncouldaspireto.

Butin2010,forthesecondyearrunning,tensofthousandsof

overqualifiedMBAswillemergewithnowhereexcitingtogo.Avery

fewwilllandjobsininvestmentbanking,butthosewhowantgrand

jobsinbigcompaniesorconsultancieswillbedisappointed.

Increasinglytheywillgocrawlingbacktotheiroldemployerstodo

prettymuchwhatevertheyweredoingbeforeforprettymuchthesame

money,thusmakingthemquestionwhetheritisreallyworththe

$160,000thatatopMBAcosts.

Thisisnotgoingtobealittlerecessionarydip.Itwillbeamore

fundamentalreappraisal.ThemagicalmythoftheMBAhasforsome

timeleftthefactsbehind.Infuture,thosewhostumpupwilldoso

becausetheywanttolearntheskills,notbecausetheythinkthey

arebuyingentryintoacoolandexclusiveclub.

Somegoodthingswillfollowfromthis.Therewillbefewersmart

Alecswhothinktheyknowitallpouringintocompanies.Therehas

beenabearmarketinmanagementbullshitsincethecreditChinch

began.In2010thedeclineoftheMBAwillcutoffthesupplyof

bullshitatsource.Pretentiousideasaboutbusinesswillbein

retreat.Buttherewillbebadthingstoo:iffewerbright,ambitious

peoplegointobusiness,economiesmaysuffer.Insteadthetalent

willgoincreasinglyintothepublicsector,thelaw,medicine-which

arealreadyburstingwithbrightpeopleasitis.

WhilethedeclineoftheB-schoolswillweakentheglamourof

businessingeneral,thegovernmentwilldoitsbittoowith

increasingregulation.In2010,beingaboarddirectorofalisted

companywillneverhavebeenlessfun:notonlywilltheprocedural

sidebemoredemanding,therewillbeevengreaterpublichysteria

overwhatdirectorsarepaid.Andwiththoseatthetophavingsucha

grimtime,itisunrealistictoexpectanyexcitementatthebottom.

（分数：25.00）

（1）.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that

•A.businessdoesnotmeanmoney,class,orglamouranymore.

•B.businesshassuffereditsWaterlooin2008financialcrisis.

•C.B-schoolshaveplayedanimportantroleinthebusinessfever.

•D.B-schoolsmadebusinessacceptedbyeveryhouseholdinAmerica.

（分数：5.00）

A.

B.

C.V

D.

解析：

（2）.Theauthorholdsthatin2010manyMBAstudentswillmostprobably

•A.beprovidedwithgrandjobsinbigcompanies.

•B.dooldjobswitholdemployersforthesamemoney.

•C.askbusinessschoolstopaythemback.

•D.obtainnomoney,noclass,andnoglamour.

（分数：5.00）

A.

B.J

C.

D.

解析：

（3）.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthedeclineofMBAisoneof

•A.satisfaction.

•B.sympathy.

•C.objectiveness.

•D.skepticism.

（分数：5.00）

A.

B.

C.V

D.

解析：

(4).Thestatement/，greaterpublichysteriaoverwhatdirectorsarepaid”(Line4,Para.6)

means

•A.MBAswi11increasinglydesiretobecomedirectorsbecausetheyarehandsomely

paid.

•B.moreandmorepeoplewillbecomeextremelyangryaboutdirectors*hugepayments.

•C.thepublicwillfeelexcitedwhentheyknowthatdirectorsarepaidlessand

less.

•D.moreandmorepeoplewi11beangryaboutdirectors*payingalottogetanMBA.

(分数：5.00)

A.

B.V

C.

D.

解析：

(5).Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

•A.TheEndoftheBusinessAffair

•B.GloriousPast,GloomyFuture

•C.mA:IsItWorthwhile?

•D.TheDeclineoftheMBA

(分数:5.00)

A.J

B.

C.

D.

解析：

Iamaddictedtoelectricity.Soareyou.Andsoisyourbusiness.We

liveinan"alwayson〃world-airconditioners,streetlights,TVs,

PCs,cellphones,andmore.Andwithforecaststhatwe'11need40%

moreelectricityby2030,determininghowwecanrealisticallyfeed

ourenergyaddictionwithoutminingourenvironmentisthecritical

challengeofthenewcentury.Ofcourse,wecouldbuyenergy-saving

appliancesordrivefuel-efficientcars.Wecanrecyclecans,

bottles,andnewspapers.Wecanevenplantcarbon-absorbingtrees.

But,nomatterhowmuchwemaywishtheywould,theseactsby

themselveswon，tsatisfyourenergydemands.Todothat,weneeda

diverseenergymixthattakesapractical,ratherthanemotional,

approach.

Enternuclearenergy.Nuclearalonewon，tgetustowhereweneedto

be,butwewon'tgettherewithoutit.Despiteitscontroversial

reputation,unclearisefficientandreliable.It'salsoclean,

emittingnogreenhousegasesorregulatedairpollutantswhile

generatingelectricity.Andwithnuclearpower,wegetthechanceto

preservetheEarth，sclimatewhileatthesametingemeetingour

futureenergyneeds.

Moreover,manyofthemanagementwoesthatgavetheearlynuclear

businessablackeyehavefinallybeenovercome.Afive-yearproject

inAlabamawascompletedontimeandveryclosetobudget.Also,US-

designedreactorshavebeenbuiltinaboutfouryearsinAsia,and

newnuclearplantsonthedrawingboardforinstallationherein

AmericawillbelicensedbytheNuclearRegulatoryCommissionundera

speedierprocessthatshouldbefarmoreefficientthantheonein

placewhenthe104nuclearfacilitiesoperatingtodaywerelicensed.

Butthisstreamlinedprocesswillnotcompromisenuclearsafetyand

security.TheNRCholdsnuclearreactorstothehighestsafetyand

securitystandardsofanyAmericanindustry.Atwo-daynational

securitysimulationinWashington,D.C.,in2002concludednuclear

plants"areprobablyourbestdefendedtargets.z，Andbecauseoftheir

advanceddesignandsophisticatedcontainmentstructures,USnuclear

plantsemitanegligibleamountofradiation.Evenifyoulivednext

doortoanuclearpowerplant,youwouldstillbeexposedtoless

radiationeachyearthanyouwouldreceiveinjustoneroundtrip

flightfromNewYorktoLosAngeles.

Here，sthereality:TheUSneedsmoreenergy,andweneedtogetit

withoutfurtherharmingourenvironment.Everythingisatrade-off.

Nothingisfree,andnuclearplantsarenotcheaptobuild.Butwe

haveachoicetomake:Wecaneithercontinuethe30-yeardebate

aboutwhetherweshouldembracenuclearenergy,orwecanacceptits

practicaladvantages.Loveitornot,expandingnuclearenergymakes

bothenvironmentalandbusinesssense.（分数：25.00）

（1）.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,inordertosatisfyourenergyneeds,weneedto

•A.mixallkindsofenergies.

•B.focusonourenergyaddiction.

•C.doeverythingtosaveenergy.

•D.establishadiversifiedenergystructure.

（分数:5.00）

A.

B.

C.

D.J

解析：

(2).Accordingtothepassage,nuclearenergycould

•A.enjoyagoodandpopularfame.

•B.provideuswithadequateenergyinfuture.

•C.helpusgettowhereweneedtobe.

•D.keepourclimateclean.

(分数：5.00)

A.

B.V

C.

D.

解析：

(3).Theexpression"ablackeye”(Line1,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans

•A.anunfriendlyattitude.

•B.apleasantattitude.

•C.achangingattitude.

•D.adoubtfulattitude.

(分数:5.00)

A.J

B.

C.

D.

解析：

(4).Thenationalsecuritysimulationin2002showsthat

•A.nuclearplantsshouldbebestprotected.

•B.nuclearradiationwouldbemuchlessandnotsoserious.

•C.nuclearsafetyandsecuritystandardswouldbethestrictest.

•D.nucleartechnologyshouldbehighlyadvancedandsophisticated.

(分数：5.00)

A.

B.

C.J

D.

解析：

(5).Theauthor'sattitudetowardthenuclearenergycouldpossiblybe

•A.affirmativeandsupportive.

•B.controversialanddoubtful.

•C.unnecessarybutimportant.

I）,importantbutdangerous.

（分数：5.00）

A.V

B.

C.

D.

解析：

Afull-timejobdoesn，thavetodestroyallhopeoffamilydinnersor

afternoonplaytime.Womencanincreasetheirchancesofgettingon

thenewmommytrackthroughsuccessfulnegotiationbothatworkand

athome.

AfterlawyerLindsayAndroskiKelly,30,decidedshewouldworkonly

atafirmthatallowedflexiblehours,shespecificallyaskedabout

family-friendlypoliciesduringjobinterviews.WhileKelly，s

approachworkedforher,MichelleGoodman,warnsagainstaskingfor

flexibilitytooearly,beforeprovingoneselfonthejob."Youdo

needtopayyourduesalittlebit,〃shesays.Sherecommends

researchingcompaniesaheadoftimetofindoutwhetherthey，reknown

forfamily-friendlyarrangements.

PatKatepoo,founderofWorkOptions.com,whichoffersguidanceon

achievingcustomizedworkarrangements,suggestsfirstpitchinga

trialperiod."Evenifsupervisorsarenervousaboutanontraditional

arrangement,theywillfeelsomesenseofcontrolifthere，sa

backdooroptionforstoppingit.〃Puttingtheproposalinwriting

withclearexplanationsofhowthejobwillstillgetdonealso

helps,Katepoosays.Inherexperience,ifemployeeshaveworkedfor

amanagerforatleastonetotwoyears,arereliableperformers,and

haveatrustingrelationshipwiththeirmanager,theyhavean80

percentchanceofatleastgettingatrialperiod.

Regardlessoftheschedule,settingboundaries-suchashavinga

policyagainstmeetingsafter5p.m.-iskey,saysMaryAnnMason,

co-authorofMothersontheFastTrack:HowaNewGenerationCan

BalanceFamilyandCareers.Shealsourgeswomennottowaittoolong

beforehavingchildren.Forsomefields,especiallythosethat

requireextensivetrainingsuchasacademiaormedicine,it，seasier

tohavesmallchildrenearlier,ratherthanduringwhatMasoncalls

the“makeorbreak/zyearsbetweenages30and40.

Womenworkinginlow-skilledjobs,ontheotherhand,usuallyfind

flexibilityonlybyluckingintoemployerswhoacceptit,saysLeslie

MorganSteiner,editorofMommyWars."Menandwomenatthelowest

incomelevelsdon，thaveanyleverage,shesays.

Womenacrosstheeconomicspectrumbenefitfromsupportathome.

LeslieBennetts,authorofTheFeminineMistake:AreWeGivingUpToo

Much?,encourageswomentofindawaytocontinueworkingthroughout

motherhood:"Womenmustinsistthattheirhusbandsshareeverything.

Manywomenappeartobedoingjustthat:AUniversityofMaryland

studyfoundthatthetimemenspentonhouseworkalmostdoubled

betweenthe1960sand1990s,bywhichtimetheyweredoingonethird

ofit.(分数：25.00)

⑴.“Newmommytrack*inthefirstparagraphisprobablyfeaturedas

•A.achievinggreatsuccessinthenegotiationwork.

•B.strikingthebalancebetweenfamilylifeandfull-timejob.

•C.increasingtheirchancesofgettingaful1-timejob.

•D.avoidingwastingtimeinfancilydinnersandafternoonplaytime.

(分数：5.00)

A.

B.J

C.

D.

解析：

(2).Bysaying"Youdoneedtopayyourduesalittlebit”(Lines4-5,Paragraph2),Michelle

memosthatwomen

•A.havetolearntoliveontheirownbypayingbillsthemselves.

•B.shouldaskforflexiblehoursoncetheyapplyforthejob.

•C.mustworkhardtoprovethemselvesbeforeaskingforflexibility.

•D.mustpayattentiontothefamily-friendlypoliciesduringjobinterviews.

(分数：5.00)

A.

B.

C.J

D.

解析：

(3).AccordingtoPatKatepoo,womenaremorelikelytogetatrialperiodwhenthey

keeponaskingthemanagerforatrialperiod.

B.providebackdooroptionstothemanager.

C.explainhowtheywillgetthejobdonetothemanager.

D.performwellandwinthetrustfromthemanager.

(分数：5.00)

A.

B.

C.

D.V

解析：

(4).Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

•A.MaryAnnMasonurgeswomentohavechildrenearlier.

•B.Steinerholdsthatwomenworkingin1ow-ski11edjobscan，thaveanyflexible

hours.

•C.PatKatepoobelievesthatsettingboundariesintheworkingplaceisvery

important.

•D.MichelleGoodmanencourageswomentoaskforflexibilityassoonaspossible.

(分数：5.00)

A.J

B.

C.

D.

解析：

(5).LeslieBennetts'commentssuggestthatworkingwomen

•A.shouldgiveupworkingthroughoutmotherhood.

•B.mustlettheirhusbandsdoeverythinginthefamily.

•C.must1ettheirhusbandsdoublethetimetheyspendonhousework.

•D.shouldlettheirhusbandssharehouseworkinthefamily.

(分数：5.00)

A.

B.

C.

D.J

解析：

LouisArmstrongsang,“Whenyou，resmiling,thewholeworldsmiles

withyou.^Romanticseverywheremaybesurprisedtolearnthat

psychologicalresearchhasproventhissentimenttobetrue-merely

seeingasmile(orafrown,forthatmatter)willactivatethemuscles

inourfacethatmakethatexpression,evenifweareunawareofit.

Now,accordingtoanewstudyinPsychologicalScience,simply

readingcertainwordsmayalsohavethesameeffect.

PsychologistsFrancescoForonifromVUUniversityAmsterdamandGilaR.

SeminfromtheUniversityofUtrechtconductedtwoexperimentstosee

ifemotionlanguagehasaninfluenceonfacialmuscleactivity.In

thefirstexperiment,agroupofstudentsreadaseriesofemotion

verbs(e.g.,〃tosmile,〃〃tocry〃)and

adjectives(e.g.,^funny,/z，/frustrating^)onamonitor,whilethe

activityoftheirzygomaticmajor(themuscleresponsibleforsmiles)

andcorrugatorsupercilii(whichcausesfrowns)muscleswere

measured.Theresultsshowedthatreadingactionverbsactivatedthe

correspondingmuscles.Forexample,〃tolaughz，resultedinactivation

ofthezygomaticmajormuscle,butdidnotcauseanyresponseinthe

musclesresponsibleforfrowning.Interestingly,whenpresentedwith

theemotionadjectiveslike〃funny〃or/zfrustrating，zthevolunteers

demonstratedmuchlowermuscleactivationcomparedtotheirreactions

toemotionverbs.Theresearchersnotethatmuscleactivityis

z，inducedinthereaderwhenreadingverbsrepresentingfacial

expressionsofemotion.z/

Canthisnaturalbodilyreactionaffectourjudgments?Inanother

experiment,volunteerswatchedaseriesofcartoonsandwere

unconsciouslyshownemotionverbsandadjectivesaftereachone.They

werethenaskedtoratehowfunnytheythoughtthecartoonswere.

Halfoftheparticipantsheldapenwiththeirlips,topreventthem

fromsmiling,whiletheremainingparticipantsdidnothavetheir

musclemovementblocked.Theresultsrevealthatevenwhenemotion

verbsarepresentedunconsciously,theyareabletoinfluence

judgment-volunteersfoundcartoonstobefunnierwhentheywere

precededbysmilingverbsthaniftheywereprecededbyfrowning-

relatedverbs.However,thiseffectonlyoccurredinthevohmteers

whowereabletosmile-volunteerswhohadmusclemovementblockeddid

notshowthisrelationshipbetweenemotionverbsandhowfunnythey

judgedthecartoonsasbeing.

Theresultsoftheseexperimentsrevealthatsimplyreadingemotion

verbsactivatesspecificfacialmusclesandcaninfluencejudgments

w