考点分类练7　词句猜测题(1)阅读理解2025年高考总复习优化设计二轮专题英语A课后习题专项能力提升练含答案

考点分类练7词句猜测题(1)阅读理解2025年高考总复习优化设计二轮专题英语A课后习题专项能力提升练含答案考点分类练(七)词句猜测题(1)Passage1(2024广东韶关二模)主题:在太行山路上投递邮件词数:311难度:★★★☆☆Fornearlytwodecades,athin,sun-burntpostalworkercouldfrequentlybeseencarryingpackagesalongadangerousmountaintrailintheTaihangMountains.The10-kilometer-longroute,whichisbetween20centimetersand1meterwide,isknownasthe“catroad”bylocals,meaningthatitissodangerousthatonlycatscouldwalkonit.Whereas,ZhaoYuefang,apostalworkerinEwutownshipinHuguancounty,ShanxiProvince,hadtowalktherouteeverydaytodelivermail.Everydayatthecrackofdawn,hewouldstarthisjourneyalongthe“catroad”.Frompickinguptheday’sposttodeliveringittovillagersandreturningalongthesameroute,ittookZhaofourdays.Duringrainyandsnowyseasons,themountainroad,partofwhichhugsthecliffs,wouldbecomeslipperyanddangerous.Onedayinthewinterof2003,the“catroad”wascoveredinthicksnowandheslippedoffthetrail.Fortunately,hewasabletostophissharpdescentbygrabbingatreebranchandslowlymanagedtoclimbtosafety.By2012,Zhaohadwalkedmorethan300,000kmanddeliveredover800,000piecesofmail.Bornandraisedinthedeepmountains,Zhaotrulyunderstandsthesignificanceofmaildeliveriestovillagers.“Theydependonthemailtokeepintouchwiththeoutsideworld,”hesaid.“Theirsheerjoywrittenontheirfacewhilereceivinganypoststruckme,”headded.In2012,a67-kilometer-longtouristhighwaywasbuiltandgonewerethosedayswhenZhaoriskedhislifetowalkonthe“catroad”.ButZhaowasevenbusierthanbefore.“ThenumberofpackagesIhandledailynowexceedsthenumberIusedtodealwithinthepast,”saidZhao,addingthatvillagersareturningtoonlineshoppingandorderingmoreandmoregoodsbypost.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。它讲述了一位名叫赵岳芳的邮政工作人员在太行山的危险山路上投递邮件的故事,通过描述他的工作经历和所面临的挑战,文章展现了其坚持不懈和奉献的精神。1.Whyisthemountaintrailreferredtoas“catroad”?A.It’sshapedlikeacat.B.It’sintendedforcats.C.Itistoonarrowandrisky.D.Itrainscatsanddogsthere.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The10-kilometer-longroute,whichisbetween20centimetersand1meterwide,isknownasthe‘catroad’bylocals,meaningthatitissodangerousthatonlycatscouldwalkonit.”可知,因为这条路太窄,风险太大,只有猫才能在上面走,所以被称为“猫路”。2.Whatdoestheword“descent”inparagraph3mean?A.Fall. B.Pain.C.Turn. D.Landing.答案A解析词句猜测题。根据上文“Onedayinthewinterof2003,the‘catroad’wascoveredinthicksnowandheslippedoffthetrail.”并结合下文“grabbingatreebranch”可知,他滑下了小路,但是他抓住一根树枝,应是阻止了急剧的下降,推知descent意为“下降”,和A项意思相近。3.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordscanbestdescribeZhao?A.Persistentanddedicated.B.Diligentandambitious.C.Considerateandconfident.D.Courageousandgenerous.答案A解析推理判断题。根据文章前三段内容可知,赵岳芳20年来一直在太行山一条被称为“猫路”的危险山路上投递邮件,他坚持不懈、有奉献精神,即使路线危险也不放弃,因此最能描述他的词语是“Persistentanddedicated(坚持不懈和有奉献精神的)”。4.WhathasalwaysmotivatedZhao’senthusiasmforhisjob?A.Thevillagers’respectforhim.B.Hisbeingbornandraisedthere.C.Today’shugenumberofthepackages.D.Thevalueofthedeliveriestothelocals.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,赵在深山出生、长大,他真切理解邮件投递对于村民的重要性,所以是邮件投递的价值一直激励着赵对工作的热情。Passage2(2024山西临汾一模)主题:古典音乐词数:336难度:★★★☆☆PullmanisasuperbwriterandSeagullisabrilliantcommunicator.TheyhadadebateafterSeagullpostedaquestiononhissocialmediaplatform:“Whenyouweretryingtocreateanenvironmentforlearning,whatwereyourbestpiecesofclassicalmusictolistento?”Hereceivedhundredsofsuggestions—andonenegativereply,fromPullman:“That’snotwhatclassicalmusicisfor.Treatitwithrespect.”Thatdidit!Everyone—professionalmusicians,students,teachers—weighedinontheargument,andthemajoritysupportedSeagullandwerecriticizingPullman.It’seasytoseewhypeopleareannoyed.Weallwantclassicalmusictobeasaccessibleaspossible,especiallytotheyoung.IfsomeofthemareusingBachorSchubertasatooltohelpthemstudy,what’stheproblem?Theymayalsodevelopanattachmenttoclassicalmusic.SoisPullmanridiculousandsuperciliousbyobjectingtoclassicalmusicbeingusedasbackgroundmusic?Atfirstsight,hisideaseemsstuffyandextreme.Bysuggestingthatclassicalmusicshouldbe“treatedwithrespect”andnotusedasbackgroundmusic,Pullmanseemstobeclosingclassicalmusictomillionsofpeople.It’sworthpointingout,however,thatheisn’tthefirsttoexpressconcernsaboutclassicalmusicbeingdevaluedbybecomingtoocommonplaceintoday’stechnologically-shapedworld.InBenjaminBritten’s1964speech,thecomposerexpressedexactlythesameworriesasPullman.Brittensuggested,“Thetruemusicalexperiencedemandssomepreparation,someeffort,ajourneytoaspecialplace,savingupforaticket,somehomeworkperhaps.”Inshort,itdemandsasmucheffortfromlistenersasfromcomposersandperformers.Idon’tagreewithsuchanextremeviewpoint,butIdothinkittouchesonareality.Youwillneverfullygraspthebeautyofclassicalmusicifyouhalf-hearitonlyinthebackground.Thatdoesn’tnecessarilymatter.Musiccanbeenjoyedonmanylevels.WhatPullmanandBrittenarereallysayingisthat,inadrivefor“accessibility”,weshouldn’tdenytheemotionalandintellectualcomplexityunderpinning(构成)muchclassicalmusic.【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了古典音乐的应用场景和价值,以及对于将古典音乐用作背景音乐的不同观点。5.WhatdidSeagull’spostingresultin?A.GreatadmirationforSeagull.B.Publiccriticismofclassicalmusic.C.Adiscussionaboutlearningenvironments.D.Anargumentovertheroleofclassicalmusic.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章前两段内容可知,Seagull发帖的结果是引起了关于古典音乐作用的争论。6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“supercilious”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Self-important. B.Open-minded.C.Impatient. D.Considerate.答案A解析词句猜测题。根据上文“ridiculousand”可知,supercilious和ridiculous并列,为贬义词,以及下文“Atfirstsight,hisideaseemsstuffyandextreme.Bysuggestingthatclassicalmusicshouldbe‘treatedwithrespect’andnotusedasbackgroundmusic,Pullmanseemstobeclosingclassicalmusictomillionsofpeople.”可知,Pullman认为需要尊重古典音乐,所以推知Pullman认为将古典音乐作为背景音乐是荒谬和傲慢的,supercilious为“傲慢”之意,和A项“妄自尊大的”意思相近。7.WhyistheBenjaminBritten’s1964speechmentioned?A.Toshowhisaffectionforclassicalmusic.B.Tointroduceyoungpeopletoclassicalmusic.C.Todemonstrateclassicalmusicisdemanding.D.TosupportPullman’sideaoverclassicalmusic.答案D解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,作者提到了本杰明·布里顿1964年的演讲,是为了支持Pullman对古典音乐的看法。8.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoPullman’sidea?A.Favorable. B.Doubtful.C.Objective. D.Uninterested.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,作者既不同意Pullman极端的观点,但是也不认为将古典音乐作为背景音乐是合适的,因为你将永远无法完全领略古典音乐的美,所以他的态度是客观的。Passage3(2024安徽池州二模)主题:生活故事词数:353难度:★★★★★Howdowecometomakesenseofourdailylives?Howcanwegainastronggraspofwhowereallyareandhowwefitintheworld?Andhowcanwenaturallyconnecttoimportantonesinourlives?“Lifestoriesareoneoftheprimetoolswehaveforunderstandingourselvesandtheworldaroundus,”saysRobynFivush,aprofessoratEmoryUniversity.Humansarenaturalstorytellers.Weusestoriestounderstandourpresent,drawinsightsfromourpast,andanticipatethefuture.Thus,storytellingisbasictoourlives.Asaformofrichengagementbetweenfamilymembers,familystorytellingshouldbevaluedmore.Sharingbedtimestoriesandtalksafterschool,orwalkingthroughaneventthatleftayoungchildcrying—theseareallopportunitiesforparentsandchildrentobecomecloserthroughwarmth,understandingandsupport.Fivushandhercolleagueshaveunderscoredthevalueofstorytellinginparenting.Thewaysparentssupportchildren’semotionsandhelpthemretellmorevivid,richlydetailedstorieshavelastingimpactsonchildren’scognitive(认知的)andemotionaldevelopment.Childrenandteenagerslearnhowtotalkabouttheirlivesfromfamilystories.Anearlyexampleislearninghowtopresentadetailedstorywithabeginning,amiddle,andanend—togiveitaclearstructure.Further,theylearnwhatisappropriatetotalkaboutoravoidandwhatfeelingsareappropriatetoshareoverdinneroroutwithothers.Whengrowingup,weuseourlifestoriestobuildcomplexandstableviewsofourselves.Throughstoriesaboutthetraditionsmaintainedovertheyears,wemakeconnectionsbetweenpastsuccessesandfailures,ourrelationships,andtheactivitiesthatholdmeaningtoustodevelopournewidentities.Theseidentitiesreflectourrolesasfamilymembers,communitymembers,co-workersandsoon,thushelpingushaveamorecompleteviewofourselves.Havingalastingimpactonourselvesandthosearoundus,lifestoriesarefilledwithmeaning,insight,andvalue.Bytheway,what’sthestorythatstandsouttoyoufromarecentmealorchat?【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了生活故事在个人身份认同和情感发展中的作用,以及家庭讲故事对亲子关系的重要性。9.Whydoesthewriteraskthreequestionsinthebeginning?A.Toexplainageneralidea.B.Togivebackgroundinformation.C.Tointroduceanargument.D.Toreportthefindingofastudy.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Lifestoriesareoneoftheprimetoolswehaveforunderstandingourselvesandtheworldaroundus”可推理出第一段使用了三个问题是为了引出“生活故事是我们了解自己和周围世界的主要工具之一”这一论点。10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“underscored”inparagraph2mean?A.Castdoubton.B.Attachedimportanceto.C.Shownconcernfor.D.Thoughtpoorlyof.答案B解析词句猜测题。根据第二段画线词上文“Sharingbedtimestoriesandtalksafterschool,orwalkingthroughaneventthatleftayoungchildcrying—theseareallopportunitiesforparentsandchildrentobecomecloserthroughwarmth,understandingandsupport.”以及下文“thevalueofstorytellinginparenting”可推理出,画线词的含义为“重视”,故选B项。11.Howcanlifestorieshelpformacompleteviewofourselvesaccordingtothewriter?A.Bymaintainingsocialties.B.Byrebuildingouridentities.C.Byconnectingourpastandfuture.D.Bylearningfromfamilymembers.答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段内容可知,通过讲述生活故事,我们可以建立起对自己的复杂而稳定的看法。通过讲述多年来保持的传统,我们可以将过去的成功和失败、我们的关系以及对我们有意义的活动联系起来,从而发展出我们的新身份。这些身份反映了我们作为家庭成员、社区成员、同事等的角色,从而帮助我们更全面地看待自己。12.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Areviewonastorybook.B.Anadviceletterforsociallife.C.Aguidebooktoparenting.D.Anessayonthevalueofstorytelling.答案D解析推理判断题。文章开篇指出讲故事是理解日常生活和了解自我的重要工具,并通过Fivush教授的观点以及家庭讲故事的例子说明了讲故事在生活中的重要性。然后文章介绍了家庭讲故事对孩子的影响,包括学习如何表达自己的生活、了解什么是适当的话题和情感表达等。接着文章提到了通过讲故事来建立自己的身份认同,并介绍了这种方式对个人认知和情感发展的影响。最后文章总结了讲故事对个人和周围人的重要性,并提出了一个问题,引导读者思考自己最近的经历中有什么突出的故事。可推理出,文章取自探讨讲故事的价值的文章,故选D项。考点分类练(八)词句猜测题(2)Passage1(2024江苏南京、盐城二模)主题:个人故事词数:316难度:★★★☆☆EmestOwusuwas13in1980whenhewasgiventheopportunitytoappearintheaudienceofaBBCshow,andaskThatcherhowshefeltaboutbeingcalledtheIronLady.Thisencounterre-emergedinaBBC’sprogrammerecently.Atthetimeoftheirmeeting,Owusuwasonfreeschoolmeals,livingonapublicestateinBrixton,southLondon,whereheandhissisterwerebeingraisedbytheirmotherRose,astrugglinghairdresser.Now57,Owusulooksremarkablysimilarevenwithagreyingbeard.Buthislifehasbeentransformed.Thefatherofthreeisahumanresourcesdirector,andthefirstblackcaptainoftheAddingtongolfclubinits110-yearhistory.Asablackguy,itisaboutbreakingtheglassceiling.Speakinginitsclubhouse,Owusudescribeshisriseinsocialstatus(地位)asa“ThatcheriteJourney”.Andhesaysitbeganbyaskingthewomanherself.“Tothisdayitstillhasanimpact.Myconfidencechangedfromthatsliding-doormoment.Somethingaboutherconnectedwithme.”

ThatchertoldOwususheenjoyedbeingcalledtheIronLady.“Ithinkit’sratherapraise,don’tyou?”shesaid,“becausesooftenpeoplehavesaidtome,‘ifyou’reinyourjobyou’vegottobesoftandwarmandhuman,butyou’vegottohaveatouchofsteel.’”Owusurecallsthemoment,“Ijustrememberhereyecontact.Shewasansweringme,notthecamera.Shewelcomedthequestionsaying‘you’vegottobefirminthisworld’.Andthatstuckwithme.”Aftertheshowwasbroadcast,Owususaidhebecame“alittleheroinBrixtonforagoodthreemonths”.Owusuadded,“Itallgavemeextraconfidence.Doorsmightnothaveopenedsoquickly.Itwasoneofthosekeymomentstomakeyoudothingsmaybeyouwouldn’totherwisehavedone.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是EmestOwusu受到Thatcher夫人的影响,从而改变了自己的人生。1.WhatdoweknowaboutOwusuwhenhewas13?A.HemetwithThatchertwice.B.Hejoinedafamousgolfclub.C.HehostedaBBC’sprogramme.D.Helivedatthebottomofsociety.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,Owusu13岁时生活在社会的底层。2.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“sliding-doormoment”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Turningpoint.B.Importantdecision.C.Socialstatus.D.Remarkableachievement.答案A解析词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Tothisdayitstillhasanimpact.Myconfidencechanged”可知,从那一刻Owusu的信心改变了,说明那是一个转折点,sliding-doormoment的意思是“转折点”,和turningpoint意思相近。3.Basedonthetext,whatmadeabigdifferencetoOwusu?A.Others’treatinghimequallyatwork.B.Others’votinghimaheroinBrixton.C.Thatcher’seffortstopreservehisdignity.D.Thatcher’sfaithinthenecessityoftoughness.答案D解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Becausesooftenpeoplehavesaidtome‘ifyou’reinyourjobyou’vegottobesoftandwarmandhuman,butyou’vegottohaveatouchofsteel.’”和“Shewelcomedthequestionsaying‘you’vegottobefirminthisworld’.Andthatstuckwithme.”可知,Thatcher夫人坚信强硬的必要性使Owusu发生了巨大的变化。4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheArtofDialogueB.ThePowerofConfidenceC.ALife-ChangingMeetingD.AStatus-ImprovingTale答案C解析主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第三段中的“Speakinginitsclubhouse,Owusudescribeshisriseinsocialstatusasa‘ThatcheriteJourney’.Andhesaysitbeganbyaskingthewomanherself.‘Tothisdayitstillhasanimpact.Myconfidencechangedfromthatsliding-doormoment.Somethingaboutherconnectedwithme.’”可知,本文主要讲的是EmestOwusu受到Thatcher夫人的影响,从而改变了自己的人生,因此最恰当的标题是C选项“ALife-changingMeeting”。Passage2(2024广东广州一模)主题:研究发现词数:307难度:★★★☆☆Whenadulthumansmeetababy,manycan’thelpspeakinginahigher-pitched(更高音的),sing-songyvoice.Thisshift,knownasparentese,isnotuniquetohumans—ithasalsobeenobservedinanimalslikemonkeysandgorillas.Now,scientistsareaddingonemorespeciestothatlist:bottlenosedolphins.Dolphinsareintelligentanimalsthatliveandhuntingroups.Theycommunicateinauniqueway:everyindividualproducesitsownsignaturesoundthatactsmuchlikeanIDcard,usuallybyitsfirstbirthday.Buthowdoeseachcomeupwithitsdistinctivewhistle?Forbabies,itmighthavesomethingtodowithlisteningtoMum.Tosolvethismystery,researchersexaminedthesoundsmotherdolphinsmake.

Scientistsstudied34years’worthofrecordingsofsoundsmadeby19femalebottlenosedolphins.Whenthemotherdolphinswereneartheiryoung,theycontinuedtomaketheirsignaturesound,butatahigherfrequency.Theyalsousedawiderrangeoffrequenciesthantheydidwhentheirbabieswerenotnearby.Thisdiscoverysuggeststhatusingthesemodificationsmotherdolphinsassisttheiryounginlearninghowtoproducethesecallsthemselves.Sincedolphinbabiesoftenspendsomeyearswiththeirmothersbeforelivingontheirown,itmakessensethatthisadaptationwouldhelpthemlearntocommunicate.Attheveryleast,thehigher-pitchedwhistlelikelygetsthebabies’attention.“It’simportantforababytoknow,‘Oh,Mum’stalkingtomenow,’”saysmarinebiologistJuneMann.Thiskindofresearchcouldhelpusunderstandhowlanguagedevelopedinhumans.“Itisabsolutelyessentialtohavebasicknowledgeaboutotherspeciesandhowtheycommunicate,”saysMann.“Iwouldbereallyinterestedtoseewhetherdolphinsalsochangetheirsoundswheninteractingwithbabiesofothers,whichiswhathappensinhumans.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海豚妈妈通过教授幼崽使用独特的声音来教会幼崽说话。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义。5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thismystery”refertoinparagraph2?A.Whydolphinsliveandplayingroups.B.Howdolphinsdeveloptheiruniquesounds.C.Whataspectsofintelligencedolphinspossess.D.Whetherdolphinscanuseparenteselikehumans.答案B解析词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Buthowdoeseachcomeupwithitsdistinctivewhistle?Forbabies,itmighthavesomethingtodowithlisteningtoMum.”以及下文“researchersexaminedthesoundsmotherdolphinsmake”可知,海豚发出独特的声音与听到海豚妈妈的声音有关,所以为了解开“海豚如何发出独特的声音”这个谜团,研究人员检查了海豚妈妈发出的声音。故画线词指的是“海豚如何发出独特的声音”。6.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudyofdolphins?A.Byanalyzingmotherdolphins’soundfeatures.B.Byrecordingparent-childinteractionfrequency.C.Bymeasuringthedistancebetweenparentandchild.D.Byexaminingthespeechorgansofmotherdolphins.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Scientistsstudied34years’worthofrecordingsofsoundsmadeby19femalebottlenosedolphins.”可知,研究人员通过分析雌性海豚的声音特征对海豚进行研究。7.Whatisasuggestedreasonwhydolphinmothersuseparentesewiththeiryoung?A.Tohelpthemlearntotalk.B.Toteachthemhuntingskills.C.Toexpressworryandcare.D.Todistracttheirattention.答案A解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Thisdiscoverysuggeststhatusingthesemodificationsmotherdolphinsassisttheiryounginlearninghowtoproducethesecallsthemselves.”可知,海豚妈妈对幼崽使用父母语的原因是帮助它们学会说话。8.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tocomparetheparenteseofhumansanddolphins.B.Toillustratethedevelopmentofdolphinintelligence.C.Tosharenewfindingsaboutdolphincommunication.D.Tohighlightthevalueofstudyingdolphins’language.答案C解析推理判断题。文章主要说明了海豚妈妈通过教授幼崽使用独特的声音来教会幼崽说话并解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义,由此可知,文章的目的是分享有关海豚交流的新发现。Passage3(2024江西鹰潭一模)主题:黄河数字孪生体词数:386难度:★★★☆☆TheYellowRiveristhecradle(摇篮)ofChina’scivilization.Andfloodcontrolandpreventionhavealwaysbeenkeytothewell-beingofthepeoplelivingalongit.Now,scientistscanbetterworkontheseissuesbygivingtheriveradigitaltwin.ThedigitaltwinoftheYellowRiverusesvarioustechnologies,includingbigdata,artificialintelligence,andtheinternetofthings.Devicessetupalongtherivercollectandtransmitinformationtothecommandcenter.Basedontheinformation,a3Dmodeloftheriverispresentedonthecomputerscreen.It’sliketheYellowRiverhasatwinthatreflectsitsrealconditions.Onebigbreakthroughintheriver’sdigitalgovernance(治理)is“smartstones”.AccordingtoWangQin,aleadresearcherattheInformationCenterofYellowRiverHenanBureau,asmartstoneisawater-proofstone-shapeddevicewithchips,abattery,andasignaltransmitter.Theyareburiedinimportantdike(堤坝)locationstorecordandreportthemovementofdikestones.“Uponfeelingmovementofthedikestones,thesmartstonesendsanalarmtothecommandcenterforquickresponse,”Wangsaid.“Inthepast,researchershadtolearntheconditionsofthedikeonthespotbythemselves,puttingtheirlivesatrisk,”saidZhaoXiaoxiongfromthebureau.“Nowthesmartstonescandothisforus,moresafely,quickly,andaccurately.”Andinthesky,drones(无人机)areflying.Ontheroutesdesignedbyengineers,thedronesbecomeexpertpatrollersoftheriver,lookingatitsdikesandfloodpreventionprojects.AccordingtoShenLinfromtheYellowRiverConservancyCommission,thankstothedrones,researchersatthecommandcentercangetfirst-handphotosandinformation.“Researchersthenupdatethe3Dmodelaccordingtothechangesthedronesreported.Thenewlyupdatedmodelhelpsustestourfloodwaterreleaseplansincaseweeverneedtobattendownthehatches,”saidShen.

Underthewaterandupinthesky,intelligentsystemsarehelpingtoprotecttheYellowRiverBasinonallfronts.AccordingtotheMinistryofWaterResources,inthefuture,wecanexpecttoseetheconstructionofanevenmorecomprehensivedigitalsystemforthisimportantriver.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黄河数字孪生体的创建目的、运行方式和发展。9.WhatisthemainpurposeofcreatingadigitaltwinoftheYellowRiver?A.Toconducthistoricalresearch.B.Toraisepublicawarenessofriverprotection.C.Toimprovefloodcontrolandpreventionefforts.D.Tocreateavirtualtouristattraction.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Andfloodcontrolandpreventionhavealwaysbeenkeytothewell-beingofthepeoplelivingalongit.Now,scientistscanbetterworkontheseissuesbygivingtheriveradigitaltwin.”可知,创建黄河数字孪生体的主要目的是加强防洪工作。10.Howdothesmartstonescontributetotheriver’sdigitalgovernance?A.Theyrecordwaterquality.B.Theyserveasmarkersforimportantlocations.C.Theyenhancetheriver’sbeauty.D.Theymonitorandreportdikemovements.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Theyareburiedinimportantdikelocationstorecordandreportthemovementofdikestones.”可知,智能石头通过监测和报告堤坝的运动来为河流的数字化治理做出贡献。11.WhatisoneofthefunctionsofdronesinthedigitalgovernanceoftheYellowRiver?A.Entertainingtourists.B.Collectinginformationondikeconditions.C.Patrollingandtakingwildlifephotos.D.Givingwarningofcomingfloods.答案B解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Ontheroutesdesignedbyengineers,thedronesbecomeexpertpatrollersoftheriver,lookingatitsdikesandfloodpreventionprojects.”可知,无人机在黄河数字化治理中的作用之一是收集堤防状况信息。12.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“battendownthehatches”inthefourthparagraphmean?A.Preparefordifficulttimes.B.Foreseethefuture.C.Workhardtoachieveone’sgoals.D.Overcomechallenges.答案A解析词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“AccordingtoShenLinfromtheYellowRiverConservancyCommission,thankstothedrones,researchersatthecommandcentercangetfirst-handphotosandinformation.‘Researchersthenupdatethe3Dmodelaccordingtothechangesthedronesreported.Thenewlyupdatedmodelhelpsustestourfloodwaterreleaseplansincaseweeverneedtobattendownthehatches,’saidShen.”可知,使用无人机可以获得黄河水利情况的第一手资料,研究人员可以根据无人机发回的资料实时更新3D模型,这样做可以提早预防洪涝等紧急情况,以便做出快速回应。故推知battendownthehatches应表示“做好准备,未雨绸缪”之意,与A项“Preparefordifficulttimes.”同义。考点分类练(九)词句猜测题(3)Passage1(2024山东德州一模)主题:英文句子词数:372难度:★★☆☆☆ThinkyouhaveagoodgraspofEnglish?Good.Readthesixsentencesbelow,then.Sentence1:Theoldmantheboat.Sentence2:ThecottonclothingismadeofgrowsinMississippi.Sentence3:Timeflieslikeanarrow;fruitflieslikeabanana.Sentence4:Fatpeopleeatcollects.Sentence5:Themanwhohuntsducksoutonweekends.Sentence6:Thecomplexhousesmarriedandsinglesoldiersandtheirfamilies.Linguists(语言学家)callthese“gardenpathsentences”,whichtakeyoubythehandandleadyoudownawindingpathtoadeadend.Despitethis,they’reallgrammaticallycorrect.Let’sseewhy.Sentence1:Theoldmantheboat.BesidessoundinglikearejectedHemingwaytitle,thissentenceisindeedgrammaticallycorrectthankstosomewell-placedhomonyms—wordsthatsharethesamespellingsbuthavedifferentmeanings.Homonym1hereis“old”,usedasanoun,meaning“oldpeople”;homonym2is“man”,usedasaverb,meaning“toservein/on”.Withthatinmind,thesentencemeans“Theoldpeopleserveontheboat.”Sentence2:ThecottonclothingismadeofgrowsinMississippi.Atfirstread,you’dthink“ismadeof”isthemainverbofthissentence.Butit’snot.Thesimplestformofthissentenceis“ThecottongrowsinMississippi”;confusingly,“clothingismadeof”isusedtotelluswhatcottonwe’retalkingabout.Thissentencewouldmakewaymoresenseifwritten“ThecottonthatclothingismadeofgrowsinMississippi”,butEnglishallowsustoremovecertainconjunctionslike“that”,withitsmeaningmaintained.Sentence3:Timeflieslikeanarrow;fruitflieslikeabanana.Thefirsthalfofthissentenceiseasytocatch.Sowhendealingwiththeotherhalf,peopleusuallyfollowthestructureofthefirsthalf,andit’dbeunderstoodas“fruitsflylikebananas”.Thisisobviouslyunreasonable.Onlywhenpeoplerethinkcantheyrecognizethetruemeaningofthesentence.Therefore,suchsentencesmanagetomakepeopleignorethestructureofthesentenceitself,thusdepartingfromitsoriginalmeaning.Comeon!Takeawalkdownthegardenpathwiththerestofthesentences.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对特殊的英文句子的理解。1.What’sthecharacteristicof“gardenpathsentences”accordingtolinguists?A.Misleadingbuterror-free.B.Accurateandplain.C.Improperly-wordedandmeaningless.D.Ungrammaticalbutcomprehensible.答案A解析推理判断题。由文章第八段“Linguistscallthese‘gardenpathsentences’,whichtakeyoubythehandandleadyoudownawindingpathtoadeadend.Despitethis,they’reallgrammaticallycorrect.Let’sseewhy.”可知,这些句子的特点是误导但没有错误。2.Whichwordisanexamplesimilartothehomonymof“man”insentence1?A.“grows”insentence2.B.“eat”insentence4.C.“hunts”insentence5.D.“houses”insentence6.答案D解析推理判断题。由文章第一个标题“Sentence1:Theoldmantheboat.”下的“Homonym1hereis‘old’,usedasanoun,meaning‘oldpeople’;homonym2is‘man’,usedasaverb,meaning‘toservein/on’.”和第七段“Sentence6:Thecomplexhousesmarriedandsinglesoldiersandtheirfamilies.”可知,第6句中的“houses”可以是名词“房子”,本句中用作动词“给(某人)提供住处”与第1句中“man”都是具有名词词性,在句子中用作动词。3.Whichofthefollowingcorrectlyinterprets“fruitflieslikeabanana”insentence3?A.“fruitflies”referstoasortofinsect.B.“flies”servesastheverbofthesentence.C.“flieslike”explainswhatfruitistalkedabout.D.“like”hasthesamemeaningasthe“like”beforeit.答案A解析词句猜测题。由文章第三个标题“Sentence3:Timeflieslikeanarrow;fruitflieslikeabanana.”下的内容可知,句子应该理解为“fruitflies”为句子主语,意为“果蝇”,指的是一种昆虫;谓语是“like”意为“喜欢”;宾语是“abanana”,意为“香蕉”。4.Whatcanbethetroublemakerinsentence4?A.Theill-placedverbs.B.Theremovalof“that”.C.Thegrammarmistakes.D.Thelackofnounbehind“collects”.答案B解析推理判断题。由文章第五段中“Sentence4:Fatpeopleeatcollects.”可知,people前省略了that,thatpeopleeat为定语从句,修饰先行词Fat,“Fat”此处作名词,意为“脂肪;肥肉”,所以“that”的省略导致句子不好理解。Passage2(2024贵州贵阳一模)主题:蜜蜂词数:303难度:★★★☆☆Beesaremorethanjusthoney-makers.Theyareessentialpollinators(传粉者)thathelpmaintainthebalanceofourecosystemsandthediversityofourcrops.BeesareamongthemostdiverseandplentifulinsectsonEarth,withover20,000speciesworldwide.TheybelongtotheorderHymenoptera(膜翅目昆虫),whichalsoincludeswasps,ants,andsawflies.Beeshaveevolvedtofeedonnectar(花蜜)andpollenfromflowers,andindoingso,theytransferpollenfromoneflowertoanother,enablingfertilization(受精)andreproduction.Thisprocess,calledpollination,isessentialforthesurvivalofmanyplants,especiallythosethatproducefruits,nuts,seeds,andvegetablesthatweeat.AccordingtotheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO),beesandotherpollinatorsaffect35%ofglobalagriculturalland,supportingtheproductionof87%oftheleadingfoodcropsworldwide.Pollinationalsoenhancesthequalityandquantityofthecrops,aswellastheirresistancetopestsanddiseases.Withoutbeesandotherpollinators,ourfoodsupplyandourbiodiversitywouldbeatrisk.Unfortunately,beesarefacingmanythreats,suchashabitatloss,pesticideuse,climatechange,diseases,andinvasivespecies.TheFAOestimatesthat16.5%ofvertebrate(脊椎动物)pollinatorsand40%ofinvertebratepollinators,suchasbees,arefacingextinction.Thiscouldhave