2025届湖南省岳阳市高三上学期教学质量监测（一）英语试题【含答案解析】

岳阳市2025届高三教学质量监测（一）英语本试卷共12页，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、考号和姓名填写在答题卡指定位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应的标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，只交答题卡。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15答案是C。1.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Eatinthecanteen.B.Studyinthelibrary.C.Lookforhisstudentcard.2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inashop.B.Inarestaurant.C.Overthephone.3.HowdoesTomsound?A.Nervous.B.Guilty.C.Annoyed.4.Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.Cloudy.B.Sunny.C.Rainy.5.Whenarethespeakersgettingtothecinema?A.At5:00p.m.B.At6:30a.m.C.At9:30p.m.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Anewelectronicproduct.B.Theharmoflongscreentime.C.Thedisadvantagesofphysicalbooks.7.Whydoesthewomanwanttobuythee-reader?A.Itcanprotecthereyes.B.Ithasalongbatterylife.C.Itiseasytocarryaround.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers.B.Colleagues.C.Customerandwaitress.9.WhatdoesAmyprobablydo?A.Adesigner.B.Asalesperson.C.Achef.10.Howdidthewomancomehere?A.Bybike.B.Bycar.C.Onfoot.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatistheman’smaintargetatpresent?A.Totrynewinstruments.B.Togainsomeexperience.C.Toprepareaperformance.12.Whatisthewoman’sfavoritemusicalinstrumentnow?A.Theguitar.B.Theviolin.C.Thepiano.13.Whomwouldthespeakersturnto?A.Timmy’suncle.B.Lily’suncle.C.Theirprofessor.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.WhatdidIvordoattheEuropeanMemoryChampionships?A.Hebroketworecords.B.Heintroducednewmemorytechniques.C.Hememorized360numbersinfiveminutes.15.WhatmadeIvorbecomeinterestedinmemorytraining?A.Hismajor.B.Amemoryclub.C.Acompetition.16.WhatdidIvorthinkofmemorytrainingatfirst?A.Intense.B.Challenging.C.Practical.17.Whatisthekeytobeingasuccessfulmemorycompetitor?A.HavingahighIQ.B.Doingformaltraining.C.Choosingtherighttechnique.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhenistheUnitedNationsChineseLanguageDay?A.OnApril12th.B.OnApril20th.C.OnApril27th.19.WhatdidtheparticipantsshareinthefirstChineseLanguageVideoFestival?A.WhytheylearnChinese.B.WhentheylearnChinese.C.WheretheylearnChinese.20.WhyistheChinesecharacterfor“tea”mentioned?A.ToexplainChineseisinteresting.B.ToproveChineseisdifficulttolearn.C.TodemonstrateimaginationhelpsChineselearning.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。APlayingsocialgamesisanexcellentwaytostayoccupiedduringwinter.Readonaswelookatsomeofourfavouritesocialgames.SlotsMillionsofpeopledevelopedapassionforslotsduringtheiryoungage,whichoftenstayswiththemintoadulthood.Operatorsofferhundredsofdifferenttitlestosuiteverybudgetlevel,makingthemagreatwaytospendyoursocialtime.BingoBingowasamainsocialactivityfortheworkingclassintheUKafterWorldWarIIandremainspopulartoday.Land-basedvenuesstillhostgamesregularly,althoughmostplayersfavormodernbingositeswheretheycaninteractwithothersviaattachedchatrooms.Itcanalsobeplayed‘live’withfriendsandfamilyathome,andevenincorporateawintertheme.PokerWhiletheInternetmakesiteasytoaccesspokergames,wepreferorganisinga‘pokernight’athomewithfriendsandfamily.Youcansetupagamethatcostsjustafewpounds.Asinglegamewithfiveorsixplayerscantaketwoorthreehours,makingittheperfectplatformtobuildasocialget-together.UpwordsPlayersarerequiredtobuildwordsusinglettertilesonagameboard.Letterscanbepiledontopofothersalreadyontheboardtocreatenewwords.Thehigherthepileofletters,themorepointsarescored,whichtypicallymakeswordsbuiltlaterinthegamemorevaluable.1.Whichactivitymightrecallmemoriesofthechildhood?A.Slots. B.Bingo. C.Poker. D.Upwords.2.WhatdoBingoandPokerhaveincommon?A.Theybothsuiteverybudgetlevel.B.Theycanbebothplayedonlineandoffline.C.Theycanbothbecombinedwithawintertheme.D.TheybothoriginatedintheUKduringWorldWarII.3.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Topersuadepeopletostayoccupiedinwinter.B.Tointroducedifferentcreativetypesofwintersports.C.Torecommendsomepopularsocialgamesforwinter.D.Tocomparethedifferencesbetweenvarioussocialgames.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讨论了冬季时人们可以玩的几种社交游戏。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Slots中的“Millionsofpeopledevelopedapassionforslotsduringtheiryoungage,whichoftenstayswiththemintoadulthood.(数以百万计的人在年轻时就对老虎机产生了热情，这种热情往往会伴随他们到成年。)”可知很多人年轻时就开始喜欢老虎机（slots），所以老虎机可以唤起童年的记忆，故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Bingo中的“Land-basedvenuesstillhostgamesregularly,althoughmostplayersfavormodernbingositeswheretheycaninteractwithothersviaattachedchatrooms.(陆上场地仍然定期举办游戏，尽管大多数玩家更喜欢现代的bingo游戏网站，在那里他们可以通过附加的聊天室与他人互动。)”和Poker中的“WhiletheInternetmakesiteasytoaccesspokergames,wepreferorganisinga‘pokernight’athomewithfriendsandfamily.(虽然互联网使人们很容易接触到poker游戏，但我们更喜欢在家里和朋友和家人一起组织一个“poker之夜”。)”可知两种游戏的共同点就是都可以网上玩或者是线下玩，故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Playingsocialgamesisanexcellentwaytostayoccupiedduringwinter.Readonaswelookatsomeofourfavouritesocialgames.(玩社交游戏是冬季消遣的好方法。让我们来看看一些我们最喜欢的社交游戏。)”以及下文游戏的介绍可推断作者写作的目的就是推荐一些冬季流行的社交游戏。故选C。B“Doitnow.Jumpuponthatboxnow,”SabrinaReiswig,thecoachyells.TimBannon,14,bornwithoutarms,givesitatry.Hecomesupshorttryingtojumpontothe20-inchplatform.“Onthebox,”Reiswigyells.“Doitagain.”Hemissesagain,butrefusestoquit.ThisisNubAbility,anorganizationcommittedtoinstructingandmotivatingyoungamputee(被截肢者)athleteslikeTim.Thecampgetsitsinspirationfromitscoaches,whoarealsoamputees.CoachSabrinaReiswig,whohasbeenanamputeesinceshewas8,showsnomercytoTimatthismoment.“Hewaspacing,”Reiswigsaid.“Hewasupset.Hewaskindoffrustratedwithhimself.”Eventually,Timsticksthelanding.HefallsintoReiswig’sarmandbeginstocry.Thatmomenthasgainedmorethan4millionviewsonTwitterandmorethan500,000likesonInstagram.“‘Can’t’isnotallowedatourcamp,”saidfounderandcoachSamKuhnert,whowasbornwithouthislefthand.Boxjumpsaretypicallyperformedbyswingingbotharmsforwardwithstrengthtowardthebox.WithoutarmsTimwasessentiallyjumpingwithoutmomentum,whichismuchmorechallenging.It’salsoriskier,ashewouldn’thavebeenabletobreakapotentialfall.“Wehavethosearmstocatchus,tokeepourfacefromhitting,”Kuhnertsaid.“Ofcourse,hehasthosecoachestheretocatchhimifheneededto,buthe’sessentiallyriskinginjuryeachtimeheattemptstojumpuponthatbox.”Kuhnertsaysthisresilience(复原力)representsthecultureatNubAbility.“We’renotasupportgroup,”hesaid.“We’renotagroupthat’sgoingtoreachdownahandtohelpakidup.We’regoingtoteachthekidswhattheyneedtopickthemselvesup.”4.WhatisNubAbilityaimedtodoforyoungamputeeathletes?A.Runcampsforthemtorecover.B.Attractpublicattentiontothem.C.Provideemotionalsupportforthem.D.Trainthemtofacechallengeshead-on.5.WhatdoweknowaboutthecoachesofNubAbility?A.Theytreatyoungamputeeathletesbadly.B.Theyputgreatpressureonyoungamputeeathletes.C.Theyarealwaysreadytocomfortyoungamputeeathletes.D.Theydiscouragenegativeself-talkamongyoungamputeeathletes.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph8mean?A.Faith. B.Force. C.Courage. D.Balance.7Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BeyondLimits:TheInspiringJourneyatNubAbilityCamp.B.EmbracingChallenges:TheImpactofAdaptiveSportsTraining.C.PursuingExcellence:TheChallengingJourneyofAmputeeCoaches.D.NoExcusesAllowed:TheHardshipofAmputeeAthleticDevelopment.【答案】4.D5.D6.B7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了NubAbility组织训练年轻截肢运动员面对挑战的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。由文章第五段中“ThisisNubAbility,anorganizationcommittedtoinstructingandmotivatingyoungamputee(被截肢者)athleteslikeTim.(这里是NubAbility，一个致力于教导和激励像蒂姆这样的年轻截肢运动员的组织)”可知，NubAbility旨在为年轻截肢运动员提供面对挑战的训练。故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第七段中““‘Can’t’isnotallowedatourcamp,”saidfounderandcoachSamKuhnert,whowasbornwithouthislefthand.(“在我们的训练营里，不允许说‘不能’，”创始人兼教练SamKuhnert说，他天生没有左手)”可知，在这个组织里不允许说“不能”这样的消极话语。即NubAbility的教练们不鼓励年轻截肢运动员有消极的自我对话。故选D。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第八段中“Boxjumpsaretypicallyperformedbyswingingbotharmsforwardwithstrengthtowardthebox.Withoutarms,Timwasessentiallyjumpingwithoutmomentum,whichismuchmorechallenging.(跳箱运动通常是通过双臂用力向前摆动，朝向箱子跳跃来完成的。没有双臂，蒂姆基本上是在没有momentum的情况下跳跃，这更具挑战性)”可知，跳箱子通常是通过用力将双臂向前摆动来完成的，没有手臂，蒂姆基本上是在没有那种力量的情况下跳跃。所以momentum在这里指的是“力量”。与Force“力量”意思相符。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第五段中“ThisisNubAbility,anorganizationcommittedtoinstructingandmotivatingyoungamputee(被截肢者)athleteslikeTim.(这里是NubAbility，一个致力于教导和激励像蒂姆这样的年轻截肢运动员的组织)”可知，文章主要讲述了NubAbility组织通过严格的训练帮助年轻截肢运动员面对挑战的故事，强调了他们的勇气和努力。A项“BeyondLimits:TheInspiringJourneyatNubAbilityCamp(超越极限：NubAbility训练营的鼓舞人心的旅程)”符合题意，是最合适的标题。故选A。CScientistshavelongknownthatplantsreacttotheirenvironmentinallsortsofways.Forexample,theygrowtowardsunlightandreleasechemicalstofightoffinsectsthatwanttoeatthem.Notallscientistsarecomfortablecallingthoseabilities“awareness,”awordmanypeopleusetodescribeonlyhumansandanimals.ButforGagliano,anevolutionarybiologistattheUniversityofWesternAustralia,it’sobvious.“Plantsarerespondingtotheenvironmentandtheinformationthattheenvironmentisprovidingthem,”shesays.“That’sawareness.”Thechallengeforscientistslikeheristoproveit.SoGaglianocreatedanexperiment.Sheattachedpottedmimosa(含羞草)plantstoametalrailanddroppedthem,lettingthemquicklyslidedownsixinches.Atfirst,allthemimosaplantsclosedtheirleaveswhentheyfell.ButonceGaglianohaddroppedthemseveraltimes,theygotusedtoitandstartedtokeeptheirleavesopenduringthefall.ThenGaglianoleftthemimosaplantsaloneforalmostamonth.Whenshecamebackanddroppedthemagain,theystilldidn’tclosetheirleaves.Gagliano’sworkshowedmimosaplantscouldnotonlylearnfrompastexperiences,buttheycouldalsorememberthemforalongtime.Morerecently,Gaglianogavepeaplantsachancetoshine.Plantsmaketheirfoodoutofsunlight,sotheygrowtowardlightsources.EverytimeGaglianoshinedalightsourceatherpeaplants,shealsopointedafanatthem.Thebreezecamefromthesamedirectionasthelight.Afterthreedaysoftraining,shetookawaythelightsourceandjustpointedafanattheplants.Sureenough,mostofthepeaplantsgrewtowardthebreeze.Theyhadlearnedtoassociateitwithlight.“Thatwasprettyamazing.Itshowsarealchoice,arealdecision,”shesays.Gaglianohopesherexperimentswillinspireotherscientiststogiveplantsmorecredit.“Humanshaveatendencytolookatourperspectiveastheonlyavailableone,andtheonlyworthwhileone,”shesays.Herexperimentshelprevealhowmuchwehumanshaveoverlooked,justbecausewedidn’tknowhowtoseewhatplantswerereallyupto.8.Whichofthefollowingcanberegardedas“awareness”ofplantsaccordingtoGagliano?A.Plantseatinsectsforfood.B.Plants’leavesproduceoxygen.C.Plants’rootsgrowtowardwatersource.D.Plantsreleasechemicalstoattractinsects.9.WhydidGaglianodropthemimosaplantsseveraltimesinherfirstexperiment?A.Tohelpthemtogrowbetter.B.Totestwhethertheyhavememories.C.Toseeiftheycanclosetheirleaves.D.Tocreateachallengingenvironmentforthem.10.Whatcanbeconcludedaboutpeaplantsfromparagraph3?A.Theyshinewithsunlight.B.Theyaresensitivetochanges.C.Theygrowtowardsbreezenaturally.D.Theyrespondtotheenvironmentwell.11.WhatdoesGaglianomeaninthelastparagraph?A.Plantbehaviorsaretoocomplextounderstand.B.Plantsshouldbetreatedlikehumansandanimals.C.Plantsmayhavemorepotentialthanhumansthought.D.Humanshaveauniqueperspectiveinthestudyofplants.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家Gagliano通过实验证明植物具有“意识”和反应能力。【8题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段中““Plantsarerespondingtotheenvironmentandtheinformationthattheenvironmentisprovidingthem,”shesays.“That’sawareness.”(“植物正在对环境以及环境提供给它们的信息作出反应，”她说，“这就是意识。”)”可知，Gagliano认为植物对环境及其提供的信息作出反应就是“意识”。因此，植物朝向水源生长可以被视为植物的“意识”。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。由文章第二段“Thechallengeforscientistslikeheristoproveit.SoGaglianocreatedanexperiment.Sheattachedpottedmimosa(含羞草)plantstoametalrailanddroppedthem,lettingthemquicklyslidedownsixinches.Atfirst,allthemimosaplantsclosedtheirleaveswhentheyfell.ButonceGaglianohaddroppedthemseveraltimes,theygotusedtoitandstartedtokeeptheirleavesopenduringthefall.ThenGaglianoleftthemimosaplantsaloneforalmostamonth.Whenshecamebackanddroppedthemagain,theystilldidn’tclosetheirleaves.Gagliano’sworkshowedmimosaplantscouldnotonlylearnfrompastexperiences,buttheycouldalsorememberthemforalongtime.(像她这样的科学家面临的挑战是如何证明这一点。于是，Gagliano设计了一个实验。她将盆栽的含羞草植物绑在金属轨道上，然后让它们迅速滑落六英寸。起初，当含羞草植物落下时，它们的叶子都会闭合。但Gagliano多次让它们落下后，它们就习惯了，在落下时开始保持叶子张开。然后，Gagliano让含羞草植物独自放置了近一个月。当她回来再次让它们落下时，它们的叶子仍然没有闭合。Gagliano的研究表明，含羞草植物不仅能够从过去的经历中学习，而且还能长时间记住这些经历)”可推知，Gagliano在第一次实验中多次让含羞草植物掉落是为了测试它们是否有记忆能力。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Afterthreedaysoftraining,shetookawaythelightsourceandjustpointedafanattheplants.Sureenough,mostofthepeaplantsgrewtowardthebreeze.Theyhadlearnedtoassociateitwithlight.(经过三天的训练后，她拿走了光源，只对着植物吹风扇。果然，大多数豌豆植物都朝着微风的方向生长。它们已经学会了将微风与光线联系起来)”可知，豌豆植物在经过训练后学会了将风与光联系起来，说明它们对环境有很好的反应能力。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Gaglianohopesherexperimentswillinspireotherscientiststogiveplantsmorecredit.“Humanshaveatendencytolookatourperspectiveastheonlyavailableone,andtheonlyworthwhileone,”shesays.Herexperimentshelprevealhowmuchwehumanshaveoverlooked,justbecausewedidn’tknowhowtoseewhatplantswerereallyupto.(Gagliano希望她的实验能激励其他科学家对植物给予更多的认可。“人类往往认为我们的视角是唯一可用的视角，也是唯一有价值的视角，”她说。她的实验有助于揭示我们人类因为不知道如何观察植物的真实行为而忽略了多少东西)”可知，Gagliano希望她的实验能够激励其他科学家更加重视植物，她的实验揭示了人类因为不知道如何观察而忽略了很多植物的潜能。因此，她认为植物可能比人类想象的有更多的潜能。故选C。DRecently,researchershaveusedamachine-learningalgorithm(算法)torecognizetheseeminglymysteriousfacialexpressionsoflaboratorymice.Theworkcouldhaveimplicationsforlocatingneurons(神经元)inthehumanbrainthatencodeparticularexpressions.Theirstudy“isanimportantfirststep”inunderstandingsomeofthemysteriousaspectsofemotionsandhowtheypresentinthebrain,saysneuroscientistDavidAndersonattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.NeuroscientistNadineGogolla,wholedthestudy,tookinspirationfroma2014paperthatAndersonwrotewithhisworkmateRalphAdolphs.Inthestudy,theytheorized‘brainstates’suchasemotionsshouldexhibitparticularcharacteristics—theyshouldbepersistent,forexample,enduringforsometimeafterthestimulusthatarousedthemhasdisappeared.Andtheyshouldvarywiththestrengthofthestimulus.Gogolla’steamfixedtheheadsofmicetokeepthemstill,thenprovideddifferentsensorystimuliintendedtotriggerparticularemotions,andfilmedtheanimals’faces.Theyknewamousecanchangeitsexpressionbymovingitsears,cheeks,noseandtheupperpartsofitseyes,butcouldn’treliablyassigntheexpressionstoparticularemotions.Sotheybrokedownthevideosoffacial-musclemovementsintoultra-shortsnapshotsastheanimalsrespondedtothedifferentstimuli.Machine-learningalgorithmsrecognizeddistinctexpressions,whichcorrelatedwiththearousedemotionalstates,suchaspleasure,disgustorfear.ThefacialexpressionshadthecharacteristicsthatAndersonandAdolphshadproposed.Thescientiststhensearchedforbraincellsthatmightencodetheseemotionsinthebrain.Usingoptogenetics(光遗传学)theytargetedindividualneuronalcircuitsinmicethathavebeenshowntotriggerparticularemotionsinhumansandotheranimals.Whentheauthorsdirectlystimulatedthesecircuits,themiceassumedtherelevantfacialexpressions.Finally,theteamusedatechniquecalledtwo-photoncalciumimagingtoidentifyindividualneuronsinthemousebrainthatfiredonlywhenparticularemotions,andparticularfacialexpressions,werearoused.“Theymayrepresentpartofacodingforemotionsinthebrain,”saysGogolla.“Wethinkencodingforemotionmaybeevolutionaryconserved,andsotheencodinginhumansandmicemaysharesomecommonfeatures.”12.Whatdoesthestudyfocusonaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Testingthemachine-learningalgorithm.B.Uncoveringthesecretofmice’sexpressions.C.Encodingparticularexpressionsofhumanbeings.D.Identifyingcertainneuronsrelatedtoexpressions.13.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Givingexamplesofthestudymethods. B.Displayingdetailsoftheresearchprocess.C.Makingreferencetothestudybackground. D.Listingcharacteristicsoftheresearchfindings.14.HowdidGogolla’steamdistinguishmice’sexpressions?A.Byusingdifferentsensorystimuli.B.Byfilmingmice’sfacial-musclemovements.C.Byemployingoptogeneticstargetingneuroncircuits.D.Bycategorizingtheirpictureswithmachine-learningalgorithm.15.Whatmightbethesignificanceofthestudyaccordingtothetext?A.Itdecodestheprocessofemotionalevolution.B.Itoffersinsightsintoemotionalencodinginhuman.C.Ithasfullyrevealedthemysteryofmice’semotions.D.Itdiscoversthesimilaritiesbetweenhumanandmice.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员利用机器学习算法识别实验室老鼠面部表情的一项研究，解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Recently,researchershaveusedamachine-learningalgorithm(算法)torecognizetheseeminglymysteriousfacialexpressionsoflaboratorymice.(最近，研究人员使用一种机器学习算法来识别实验室老鼠看似神秘的面部表情)”可知，研究的重点是揭示老鼠表情的秘密。故选B。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“NeuroscientistNadineGogolla,wholedthestudy,tookinspirationfroma2014paperthatAndersonwrotewithhisworkmateRalphAdolphs.Inthestudy,theytheorized‘brainstates’suchasemotionsshouldexhibitparticularcharacteristics—theyshouldbepersistent,forexample,enduringforsometimeafterthestimulusthatarousedthemhasdisappeared.Andtheyshouldvarywiththestrengthofthestimulus.(领导这项研究的神经科学家纳丁·戈戈拉从安德森与同事拉尔夫·阿道夫于2014年撰写的一篇论文中获得了灵感。在这项研究中，他们将情绪等‘大脑状态’理论化，认为它们应该表现出特定的特征——例如，它们应该是持续的，在引起它们的刺激消失后还能持续一段时间。而且它们应该随着刺激力度的不同而变化)”可知，第二段的主要是谈及研究背景。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Sotheybrokedownthevideosoffacial-musclemovementsintoultra-shortsnapshotsastheanimalsrespondedtothedifferentstimuli.Machine-learningalgorithmsrecognizeddistinctexpressions,whichcorrelatedwiththearousedemotionalstates,suchaspleasure,disgustorfear.ThefacialexpressionshadthecharacteristicsthatAndersonandAdolphshadproposed.(因此，他们将动物对不同刺激面部肌肉运动视频分解成超短的快照。机器学习算法识别出不同的表情，这些表情与被唤起的情绪状态相关，比如快乐、厌恶或恐惧。)”可知，Gogolla的团队通过机器学习算法对图片进行分类来区分老鼠的表情。故选D。【15题详解】逻辑推理题。根据倒数第二段中“Thescientiststhensearchedforbraincellsthatmightencodetheseemotionsinthebrain.

Usingoptogenetics(光遗传学),theytargetedindividualneuronalcircuitsinmicethathavebeenshowntotriggerparticularemotionsinhumansandotheranimals.(然后，科学家们寻找可能在大脑中编码这些情绪的脑细胞。利用光遗传学技术，他们瞄准了老鼠的单个神经回路，这些神经回路已被证明会引发人类和其他动物的特定情绪。)”以及最后一段“theteamusedatechniquecalledtwo-photoncalciumimagingtoidentifyindividualneuronsinthemousebrainthatfiredonlywhenparticularemotions,andparticularfacialexpressions,werearoused.“Theymayrepresentpartofacodingforemotionsinthebrain,”saysGogolla.“Wethinkencodingforemotionmaybeevolutionaryconserved,andsotheencodinginhumansandmicemaysharesomecommonfeatures.”(研究小组使用了一种叫做双光子钙成像的技术来识别老鼠大脑中的单个神经元，这些神经元只有在特定的情绪和特定的面部表情被激发时才会被激活。‘它们可能代表了大脑中情绪编码的一部分，’Gogolla说：‘我们认为情绪编码可能是进化保守的，因此人类和老鼠的编码可能有一些共同的特征。’)”可知，人类和老鼠的编码可能有一些共同的特征，而科学家们运用不同的技术来寻找可能在大脑中编码不同情绪的脑细胞，他们所瞄准的单个神经回路已被证明会引发人类和其他动物的特定情绪，识别只有在特定的情绪和特定的面部表情被激发时才会被激活的单个神经元；由此可知，这项研究的意义是它提供了对人类情感编码的深入了解。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Iusedtothinkthewholepurposeoflifewaspursuinghappiness.Everyonesaidthepathtohappinesswassuccess,soIsearchedforthemostidealjobandbeautifulapartment.____16____.AndIwasn’talone;myfriends—theystruggledwiththis,too.Eventually,Idecidedtogotograduateschooltostudypositivepsychologyandlearnwhattrulymakespeoplehappy.WhatIdiscoveredthereisthatwhatreallymakespeoplehappyishavingmeaninginlife.Sothisallmademewonder:Howcanweeachlivemoremeaningful?____17____Bringingitalltogether,IfoundthattherearewhatIcallthreepillars(支柱)ofameaningfullife.Thefirstpillarisbelonging.Truebelongingcomesfromlove.Formanypeople,belongingisthemostimportantsourceofmeaning,thosebondswithfamilyandfriends.Forothers,thekeytomeaningisthesecondpillar:purpose.Now,findingyourpurposeisnotthesamethingasfindingajobthatmakesyouhappy.Thekeytopurposeisusingyourstrengthtoserveothers.Ofcourse,formanyofus,thathappensthroughwork.____18____Thethirdpillarofmeaning,I’vefound,tendstosurprisepeople.Thatisstorytelling,thestoryyoutellyourselfaboutyourself.Creatinganarrativefromtheeventsofyourlifebringsclearness.Ithelpsyouunderstandhowyoubecameyou.____19____.Youcanedit,interpretandretellyourstory,evenasyou’reconstrainedbythefacts.____20____.Butwhenlifeisreallygoodorwhenthingsarereallybad,havingmeaninggivesyousomethingtoholdonto.A.HappinessliesinsuccessB.HappinesscomesandgoesC.Yourlifeisn’tjustalistofeventsD.That’showwecontributeandfeelneededE.Butinsteadofeverfeelingfulfilled,IfeltanxiousF.Tofindout,IinterviewedhundredsofpeopleandreadthousandsofbooksG.ItishardtofindtheanswertothisquestionbecauseIamtotallyconfusedaboutit【答案】16.E17.F18.D19.C20.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作者对于幸福和有意义生活的探索，最终发现真正让人快乐的是生活中的意义，并提出了有意义生活的三个支柱。【16题详解】由上文“Iusedtothinkthewholepurposeoflifewaspursuinghappiness.Everyonesaidthepathtohappinesswassuccess,soIsearchedforthemostidealjobandbeautifulapartment.(我曾经认为生活的全部目的就是追求幸福。每个人都说通往幸福的道路是成功，所以我寻找了最理想的工作和漂亮的公寓。)”及下文“AndIwasn’talone;myfriends-theystruggledwiththis,too.Eventually,Idecidedtogotograduateschooltostudypositivepsychologyandlearnwhattrulymakespeoplehappy.WhatIdiscoveredthereisthatwhatreallymakespeoplehappyishavingmeaninginlife.(我并不孤单；我的朋友们——他们也在为此挣扎。最终，我决定去研究生院学习积极心理学，学习真正让人快乐的东西。我发现，真正让人快乐的是生活中的意义。)”可知，上文提到作者曾经认为生活的目的是追求幸福，并努力去实现，下文描述学习真正让人快乐的东西，空处应承接上文说明不幸福这一结果，E选项“Butinsteadofeverfeelingfulfilled,Ifeltanxious(但我非但没有感到满足，反而感到焦虑)”说明作者虽然努力去追求幸福，但是结果并不如意，反而感到焦虑，于是下文开始探索有意义的生活是什么样的。故选E。【17题详解】由上文“Sothisallmademewonder:Howcanweeachlivemoremeaningful?(所以这让我很好奇：我们怎样才能活得更有意义呢？)”可知，上文提出“我们怎样才能活得更有意义呢？”这一问题，空处为本段尾句，说明作者为了解答这一问题而采取的行动，F选项“Tofindout,Iinterviewedhundredsofpeopleandreadthousandsofbooks(为了找出答案，我采访了数百人，阅读了数千本书)”符合题意，说明作者通过采访和阅读书籍来寻找答案。故选F。【18题详解】由上文“Now,findingyourpurposeisnotthesamethingasfindingajobthatmakesyouhappy.Thekeytopurposeisusingyourstrengthtoserveothers.Ofcourse,formanyofus,thathappensthroughwork.(现在，找到你的目标并不等同于找到一份让你快乐的工作。目标的关键是利用你的力量为他人服务。当然，对我们许多人来说，这是通过工作实现的。)”可知，上文提到工作对很多人来说是通过工作实现利用自己的力量为他人服务这一目的，空处应承接上文继续说明工作的意义，D选项“That’showwecontributeandfeelneeded(这就是我们如何做出贡献并感受到被需要)”承接上文，指出人们通过工作来做出贡献并感受到被需要，符合题意。故选D。【19题详解】由上文“Thethirdpillarofmeaning,I’vefound,tendstosurprisepeople.Thatisstorytelling,thestoryyoutellyourselfaboutyourself.Creatinganarrativefromtheeventsofyourlifebringsclearness.Ithelpsyouunderstandhowyoubecameyou.(我发现，意义的第三大支柱往往会让人惊讶。那就是讲故事，即你讲给自己的关于自己的故事。从生活中的事件中构建一个叙事，能让你变得清晰明了。它有助于你理解自己是如何成为现在的自己的。)”可知，上文提到叙事有助于理解自我，空处应承接上文继续说明生活事件和故事之间的关系，且强调生活不只是一系列事件，而是可以被赋予意义的故事。C选项“Yourlifeisn’tjustalistofevents(你的生活不仅仅是一系列事件)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选C。【20题详解】由下文“Butwhenlifeisreallygoodorwhenthingsarereallybad,havingmeaninggivesyousomethingtoholdonto.(但是，当生活真的很好或者事情真的很糟糕的时候，拥有意义会给你一些坚持下去的东西。)”可知，这里有一个转折关系，且在说幸福和意义的对比，所以本空应该是说幸福的特点，B选项“Happinesscomesandgoes(幸福来去匆匆)”符合题意，与下文构成转折，说明通常情况下幸福来去匆匆，但是在生活很好或很糟糕时，拥有意义能让我们坚持下去。故选B。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Iwasacollegestudentwhenacallcamethenightbeforeanexam.Myfatherhadfallenintoacoma(昏迷)afewweeksearlierandIwasresponsibleforhis____21____decision.Afterafewhoursofrestlesssleep,Iwashardlyina(n)____22____totaketheexam.Itoldmyprofessorwhathadhappenedandrequestedanalternativeexamdate,whichwas____23____.Thisexperiencemademeunwillingtobe___24___aboutmystruggles.WhenIsoonhadtomakethe____25____totakemyfatherofflifesupport,Itoldnobody.___26___thatsadness,Iwasabletomakeitthroughmystudiesandlaterbecameaprofessor.Asanewteacher,IfeltIneededto____27____atoughclassroompersona(表面形象)toearnrespect.Then,thepandemichit.Iwastootiredtokeepupthe____28____,andmystudentsneededsupport.So,I____29____mystoryaboutmyfather’sillnessanddeath.ItoldmystudentsIknewtheymightbe_____30_____andthatiftheycametomeneedinghelp,Iwouldunderstand.The_____31_____wasimmediateandpowerful.Studentsbecameunafraidtosharetheirstorieswithme.IchangednothingaboutthewayI_____32_____coursematerial,butstudentexamscoresimproved.AlthoughIstill_____33_____themtolearn,Icaredabouttheirwell-being._____34_____yourimperfections,connectingwithstudentsonadeeperlevel,andcreatingspaceforthem-andyou-togrowwillalwaysbechallenging,butitisworthit.Icannotknoweverythingthatisgoingonineverystudent’slife,butIcanalwayschoose_____35_____.21.A.financial B.m