




版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
CPG
Marketingat
theAlgorithmicCrossroads
CARAT
DESIGNINGFRPEOPLE
©2025Carat|allrightsreserved
Contents
TwotimelesstruthsofCPGmarketing04
Sharedscalehaschanged05
TheAlgorithmicEraofmarketing07
Sixconsiderations:
-Winthebattleforalgorithmicavailability10
-Pioneernewwaystofindgrowthaudiences11
-Createequalopportunityacrossalltouchpoints13
-Fueltheriseofalgorithmicplanning15
-Anticipateoutcomes,don’tjustmeasureKPIs17
-Reimaginetheretailmediavalueexchange19
Themostinnovativebrandswin21
AboutCarat22
2
CPGMarketingattheAlgorithmicCrossroads
CPG
Marketingat
theAlgorithmicCrossroads
Carathasbeenapioneerinthemedia
industryfor60years,helpingtheworld’s
mosticonicCPGbrandstogrow.Ateveryinflectionpointinthemedialandscape,webackedthecraftofcommunicationsplanningtomakeatransformative
impactonbrands’topandbottomlines.Asmediachangesagain,Caratleads
CPGbrandsintotheAlgorithmicEra.
CPGMarketingattheAlgorithmicCrossroads3CARAT
CPGMarketingattheAlgorithmicCrossroadsCARAT
Twotimelesstruths
CPGbrandsaremarketing
marvels,makingseemingly
mundanemomentsfeeljustthatlittlebitmorespecialbecause
theyunderstandtwotimelesstruthsbetterthananyone.
02
01
Theyknowtheeffectivenessof
marketingcommunicationsis
builtonachievingnotjustscale,
butsharedscale,i.e.,fame.2Adsaremoreeffectivewhenalarge
audienceseesthemandknows
thatmanyotherpeoplehaveseenthem,too.3
Theyembracethelawsofgrowth.Brandsmustbeeasytorecall
andfindinbuyingsituations,somarketing’sjobistobuildmentalandphysicalavailability1-at
scale.
CPGMarketingattheAlgorithmicCrossroads4CARAT
Sharedscalehaschanged
Thewaymarketerscanachieve
sharedscalehaschanged
dramatically.
Priortothemid-2000s,shared
scalewasbuiltinlinearbroadcastchannels.Newsanchorssetthe
agenda,30-secondadsshapedtastes,andlivetransmissionsbuiltcollectivememories.DuringthisBroadcastEra,theworldgot
smaller,andpeoplegrewcloser.4
Inthemid-2000s,thelandscape
shifted,fueledbytheexplosive
growthofsocialplatformsandtheadventofthesmartphone.Whenglobalsmartphonepenetration
hit50%in2012,wedisappearedinourownfeeds.Thismarked
thestartofthePrecisionEra,inwhichmarketerstriedtotacklethesharedscalechallengebychasingmasspersonalization,performancemarketing,andROAS.
Between2012and2024the
numberofglobalmartech
solutionsgrewby4000%,5whiletheaveragemarketingbudget
asapercentageofnetrevenuedeclinedby26%.6Thisputatax
oneffectiveness:lowerthan
50%datamatchrates,756%of
advertisingdollarsvanishinginthesupplychain,8andperformancemedialackingincrementality.9
Brandswerepushedfurther
downthefunnel,sacrificingtheoptimalbalancebetweenshort-andlong-termgrowthonthe
altaroftheirquestforoptimizedconversion.10
CPGMarketingattheAlgorithmicCrossroads5CARAT
Inshort,itbecamemuchhardertoachievesharedscale.
“
52%ofCPGCMOsareunsurewhethernewvideosolutionsdeliveraseffectivelyasbroadcastTV.
43%arenotevensureinwhich
channelstheyshouldinvest.11
ThePrecisionEraalsochanged
thewaywesocialize.Today,
friendsaremoreimportanttousthanever,butwespendlesstimewiththemandsocializeinmediainstead.12Whilein2011,people
usedsocialmediatoconnect,it’snowasourceofentertainment.13Associalconnectionschangedfromactiverelationshipsto
nurtureintopassivecontentto
consume,loneliness,anxiety,andpoliticalpolarizationgrew.14
ThePrecisionErawasdoubleedged:ithelpedmarketersbecomeseriousabout
measurementanditmadeit
easierforpeopletostayintouch.butitalsocreatedsignificant
mediaandsocietaldisruptionthatwecontinuetofeeltoday.
It’stemptingtofocusonlyonchange.Butwhilechange
canleadtobreakthroughs,youcanbuildbusiness
strategyonthatwhichis
stableovertime.WeusedourproprietaryAudiencePanelinkeyglobalmarketstoidentifyconsumer
attitudesthathaven’t
changedinthelast14years.Herearethreethathavenotbudgedsince2011:
•Futureprospects:
consumersdon’texpecttheirstandardoflivingtochange
•Brandapathy:
internationalbrands
don’thavegreater
premiumstatusand
consumersbelieve
own-labelproductsareasgoodasbranded
products.
•Consumerdefault:
Onceconsumersfindaproducttheylike,theywillsticktoit.
Formoreinformationontheconsumertrendsthatdon’tchange,aswellasthose
thatchangedsignificantly
butgraduallyoverthelast14years,pleasegetintouch.
Downloaddentsu’s
CMONavigator
CPGMarketingattheAlgorithmicCrossroads6CARAT
Thenew
marketing
communications
era
Today,wefaceagenerational
shiftintheinformationtechnologylandscape.
Algorithmsincreasinglygovern
thedistributionofinformation,notjustinoursocialfeedsbutacrosseverysingleMediatouchpoint.15Theyalreadyinfluence59.5%of
advertisinginvestments,andthisisprojectedtogrowtoawhopping79%globallyby2027.16
Weare
enteringthe
AlgorithmicEraofMarketing.
Theseautomatedrecipesfordecision-makingincreasinglygovernhowinformation
flowsthroughthemedia
landscapeandwhogetstoseewhat.TheInstagramalgorithm,forexample,isfantasticatunderstandingourpreferencesandthenservingtheperfectmixofcontentfromourfriends,
memeaccounts,and
genuinelygreatproductrecommendations.
Analgorithmisadecision-makingframeworkfor
completingataskor
solvingaproblem.Thinkof
itasarecipe.Algorithmslistingredients,asetoftoolstouse,asetofactionstofollowinaspecificorder,and,
dependingonthenatureofyourcooking,adegreeoffreedomforinterpretation.
CPGMarketingattheAlgorithmicCrossroads7CARAT
Lastyear,wereleasedour
ConsumerVision2035report,whichpredictedthatintheAlgorithmicEra:
•Brandswillachieveshared
scalebyhelpingpeopleformcommunityaroundthethingstheycareabout.17
•Low-interest,low-involvementcategorypurchaseswillbe
handledbyAIonourbehalf,creatinganarrowerwindowforbrandstoinfluencethe
preferencesofthehumanswhoemploythetechnology.
•Cultureisshapedatthe
communitylevelwiththe
algorithmasthegatekeeper,sowe’llincreasinglyhaveto
buildbrandswithcreators,
collaborators,andpublishers,aswellasthroughadvertising.
•Brandsalllookatthesamedata,playinthesame
walledgardens,andare
encouragedtoletthesamealgorithmsdothesame
things,sothebrandsthatwinaretheonesthatfindvaluebeyondthataverageby
anticipatingpeople’sneeds.
•Marketerscannotrelyonthetools,methodologies,and
waysofthinkingwe’vecometorelyoninthePrecisionEra;itwouldbelikeshowingup
toplayagameoffootballdressedinfullskigear.
consumerlandscapeintenyears’time,drawingonthelivedexperiencesandexpectationsof
Let’srecap
Brandsstillneedtobeeasyto
recallandfind.Sharedscaleis
pivotaltomarketingeffectivenessbutthecombinationofmartechfragmentationanddeclining
marketingbudgetshasmadeitmuchmoredifficulttoachieve.Aswefacethisgenerationalshiftintheinformationtechnology
landscape,themillion-dollar
questionforCPGbrandsishowcanweachievesharedscaleintheAlgorithmicEra?
Dentsu’sConsumerVision2035researchexploresthemacrotrendsshapingthe
30,000consumersacross27markets,aswellas20subjectmatterexperts.
Inthereport,weoutlinedthe12trendsthatwill
determinethefutureof
consumers,technology,
culture,andbrand.Tofindoutmore,downloadthereport.
DownloadConsumer
Vision2023
CPGMarketingattheAlgorithmicCrossroads8CARAT
Consideration
02
PioneerANew
WayToFindGrowthAudiences
Consideration
04
FuelTheRise
OfAlgorithmicPlanning
Consideration
06
Reimaginethe
RetailMediaValueExchange
TheAlgorithmicEracomespreloaded
withalotoftechnological,societal,andmarketingjeopardy,butit’saunique
opportunitytopressresettomakesure
brandsarefightingfit.TherearesixthingseveryCPGmarketermustconsideriftheyaretowin.
SixconsiderationsfortheAlgorithmicEra
Consideration
01
WintheBattleforAlgorithmicAvailability
Consideration
03
CreateEqual
OpportunityAcrossAllTouchpoints
Consideration
05
Anticipate
Outcomes,Don’tJustMeasureKPIs
CPGMarketingattheAlgorithmicCrossroads9CARAT
Consideration
01
WintheBattleFor
AlgorithmicAvailability
Algorithms,fueledby
artificialintelligence,havea
transformativeimpactonboth
thedemand-andthesupply-sideoftheCPGvalueequation.
Inthefuture,somelow-interest,
low-involvementbuyingdecisionswillbehandledintheirentirety
byAI.Thiswillchangeourlives
forthebetter,makingusfaster,
freefrommundanechores,andmorethoroughlyentertained.
Atthesametime,algorithmswillarbitratephysicalavailability:theretailsupplychainisincreasinglymanagedbyalgorithms,as
areconsumer-facingproductsuggestionsandadvertisingplacements.
Marketingbybotstobots
influencingbuyingdecisionsmadebybotsonourbehalf.
Achievingsharedscalein
theAlgorithmicErastartswith
masteringthenewfundamentalsofalgorithmicavailability.
Becausealgorithmsmake
decisionsbasedonvastamountsofpubliclyavailabledatafrom
awiderangeofchannels,it’skeythatbrandsfightthebattleforalgorithmicavailability.
Whatthismeansforyoutodayisthatyoumustgettheboringstuffright:tagging,taxonomy,namingconventions,SEO,andlinkstrategyacrossallexternaltouchpoints.
Next,buildingonthesefoundations,brandscan
unlockpredictivemodelling
bycombiningcultureand
commercesignals,leveraging
thefullpotentialofAItocreateamediabrainthatsupports
andsteersdecisionmaking.Thisrequiresatruepartnershipwith
ITtoimprovecross-functional
transparencyofdataandinsight.
Andtoavoidseriousissuessuch
asAItrainingdatabiasand
breachesofconsumerprivacy,
brandsshouldconsiderforming
AIethicscommitteeswitha
mandatetomakebinding
decisionsarounddatausageand
governanceforthepurposesof
traininganddeployingAIsolutionsacrossthebusiness.
CPGMarketingattheAlgorithmicCrossroads
10
Consideration
02
PioneerANew
WayToFindGrowth
Audiences
Masspersonalizationalonewon’tachievesharedscale.Themarcommslandscapeistoofragmentedandwhiletheplatformsprovideeasy
in-platformtargeting,thewalls
aroundtheirgardensmake
deduplicatingaudiencesacrossplatformsnearlyimpossible–evenwiththehelpofAI.
Thereisarealtemptation,
encouragedbythosesame
platforms,tosimplyhandover
controlofmarketingbudgetsandletthealgorithmsdoitsthing–
fromoptimizingmediabudgetstogeneratingcreativetailoredtotheindividual.18
Cedingcontrolisnottheanswer,however.
CPGMarketingattheAlgorithmicCrossroads11CARAT
02
Consideration
Instead,brandsshould
recognizethatpeopleformtightcommunitiesaroundshared
passionsandidentifythemostvaluablecommunities.This
communityintelligencewillcreatemoreopportunitiesforbrandstobringpeopletogetherinculturallyrelevantways.
Wecallthisgrowthmapping
anduseourproprietaryidentitysolutiontocombineinterest
graphswithpropensityscoring,therebycreatingadynamic
mapofabrand’stotalaudienceuniversethathelpsusprioritize
high-valuecommunities.
Growthmappinggoesbeyondtheconceptofbecomingniche.It’snotaboutbeingvisibleto
fewer,rather,it’saboutbeing
relevanttomore.Thegoalis
tocreateaninfrastructurethat
empowerssmart,data-driven
andconsumer-centricbusiness
decisions.Thisinfrastructureis
designedaroundcomprehensiveaudiencesignals,whichenableclientstoeffectivelypredict
consumerbehaviors.
Thiscreatesadynamicsystemofmarketingcommunications,onethatacknowledgesandadaptstotheever-evolvingnatureof
audiences.Itprovidesforagile,dynamicadjustments,ensuring
activityremainsalignedwith
consumerneedsandmarket
shifts.Growthmappingisa
pathwaytoachievinggenuine
consumer-centricity,puttingtheaudienceattheheartofevery
decisionandfosteringmeaningfulconnectionsatscale.
Growthmappingbecomes
particularlypowerfulwhen
coupledwithourbest-in-class
buyingcapabilities.DentsuisthemarketleaderintheutilizationofembeddedAIsolutionsgloballyandwearebuildingmarket-
leadingproductstocomplementthebuyingplatformsandtruly
harnessthepoweroftheiralgorithms.
CPGMarketingattheAlgorithmicCrossroads12CARAT
Consideration
03
CreateEqual
OpportunityAcrossAllTouchpoints
IntheAlgorithmicEra,thereis
noboundarybetweenshopper
andbrandmarketing.Google
ShoppingleveragesAItohelp
peoplefindthemostrelevant
productsmuchmorequickly,
effectivelycreatingasocialfeedinsteadofclassicsearchresults.19AmazonarescalingRufus,their
newgenerativeAI-powered
conversationalshoppingassistant,addingemotionandpersonalitytowhatusedtobeanentirely
functionalplatform,20andlast
year,Walmartlaunchedanew,fullyshoppable23-partcontentseriesonTikTok.21
We’reinanewrealityof
culturalconversionwhereeverytouchpointcanswitchbetweendeliveringbothculturaland
commercialoutcomes.
Tounderstandhowmuchto
investineverytouchpoint,brandsmustcreateaholisticviewof
howallcultureandcommerce
touchpointscometogetherto
delivervalue.Today’srealityis
thatmanybrandsareinvesting
heavilyinretailmediabasedonlimitedevidenceofhowthose
touchpointscometogetherwithallothertouchpointstodeliveranincrementalcontributionoran
effectivenessmultiplier.
CPGMarketingattheAlgorithmicCrossroads13CARAT
03
Consideration
Toomanybrands‘flyblind’
inshoppermarketing,soto
helpthemunderstandthe
realopportunity,werecentlylaunchedanewcustom
studyoftheretailtouchpointsof35US-basedretailers.We
lookedatshopperbehaviorsandmotivationsinadditionto
categoryandbrandchoices
tounderstandhowshopper
touchpointsimpactthetotalmix.
Usingthisstudy,wecalibrated
ourproprietaryplanningtool,
foroneofourCPGclientsand
usedittoimprovetheirbaselinechannelmix.Ouroptimized
touchpointmixreallocated8%ofthetotalbudgetfromshoppertobrandtouchpoints,deliveringaprojected1.6%incrementalnetreachanda+5.3frequency.
Wearenotjustdoingthisforourbrandclients,we’realsoworkingcloselywithretailerstofullymapeverytouchpointattheirdisposalandcalibratePlannertoenableustoplaneverycommunicationstouchpointonequalfooting.
Thisisabigshift.Insteadof
assessingeverytouchpointin
isolation,wecanconnectdotsandassessthemonalevel
playingfield–comparingappleswithapplestohelpbrandsmakesmarterinvestmentdecisions.
Atdentsuweuse
aproprietarycross-touchpointplanningtool.
Firstbuiltin1998,thistoolisfueledbyourIdentitySolutionandplugsdirectlyintoourmediabuyingarm.What’smoreit:
•Isglobally
consistentandlivein70+markets
•Enablesbalanceddecision-makingbecauseall
touchpointsare
measuredonthesamerespondents
•Caterstolocal
nuance,giventhatdataiscollectedineverymarket
•Iscreativelyneutral
•Facilitatesscenarioplanning
CPGMarketingattheAlgorithmicCrossroads14CARAT
04
FuelTheRiseOf
AlgorithmicPlanning
Themarcommslandscape
hasgonethroughastoundingchangesoverthelastfive
years,andit’scrucialthat
communicationsplanning
keepspace.Thedawnofthe
AlgorithmicEracreatesauniqueopportunitytotransformthecraftofplanning:
•Fromapaidmediadisciplinetoleadingend-to-end
experienceplanningcraft
•Fromone-size-fits-allanswerstocustom-built,continuouslyevolvingsolutions
•Frommakingfragmentedchoicesinisolationto
algorithmicallyconnectedmarketingcommunications
Algorithmicplanninggivesusa
newdecision-makingframework.Ratherthanlookingatbasicpaidmediaparameters,weunitetwodisciplinestocreateexperiencealgorithms:
1.Communicationsplanning
assessesalltouchpointsonanequalplayingfieldtocreatetheoptimaltouchpoint
mixtoachievecultureandcommerceoutcomesalongaconsumerjourney.
2.Contentplanningensures
thatforeveryaudienceat
anytime,eachtouchpoint
isarmedwithanassetthat
mosteffectivelyexpressestheconnectingidea.
“
Weareforginganew
craftofcommunicationsplanningforourclients
intheAlgorithmicEra.
CoretothisishowwelinkAIand“PI,”orpeople
intelligence.BecauseAI
raisesthebaronspeed,
accuracy,andabilityto
producealimitlessnumberofoptions,theadvantagecomesasmuchin
executionasitdoesin
strategyandplanning.
ContrarytotheideathatAIwillkillplanning,weseeitbringinginanewgoldenageofplanning.
—
HamishKinniburgh
ChiefStrategyandConsultancyOfficer,dentsu
Consideration
CPGMarketingattheAlgorithmicCrossroads15CARAT
04
Consideration
“
49%ofCPG
Downloaddentsu’s
CMONavigator
CMOssurveyedareexploringnewwaystomonetizetheirexperiencesandtouchpoints.
Thisalsomeanswemustretirethetraditionalmediaplan.Instead,wedeliver“ForYou”experiencesthatwinthealgorithmforeach
audience.
Theroleofthehumblecomms
plannernowfocusesoncreatingdynamicdecisiontreesthatsetouractivityinmotionandgiveusarecipeforhowwerespondtotheperformanceofthatactivity.Then,oncetheactivityislive,
oncetheplanmeetstheactualbidstreamsineachtouchpoint,weoptimizeonanongoingbasistoachievetheoutcomeswe
forecast.
Fromthatmomentonwards,
ourfocusturnstoongoing
reweightingofplanningand
activationalgorithmswithinanintegratedteamscrum–clientandagency,acrossdisciplines.Weworktobeattheforecastsanddeliverthebestpossibleset
ofoutcomesfrombrandtosalestoincreasedpurchasefrequency.
Algorithmicplanningclosesthe
gapbetweenplanningand
activation,anditisthekeyto
buildingdistinctivenessandbrandpowerintheAlgorithmicEra.
CPGMarketingattheAlgorithmicCrossroads16CARAT
Consideration
05
AnticipateOutcomes,Don’tJustMeasureKPIs
IntheAlgorithmicEra,
communicationsplanning
isaboutanticipatingwhere
consumerswillbetomorrow,notwheretheywereyesterday.Toembracealgorithmicplanninganditsrequirementtobeabletoreweightplansandactivationalgorithms,brandsmustadoptanoutcome-driven,predictiveapproachtomeasurement–
onethatlaysthefoundationfor
realtimecoursecorrectionsacrossalltouchpoints.
Thisforecastingshouldinclude
notjustperformancemetrics,
butalsoculturalshifts,consumersentiment,andemergingmarkettrends.We’redevelopingnew
methodologies,adaptive
forecasting,andacollaborativeapproachtounitingplanners
andbuyersacrossalldisciplines-agencyandclient-side-tobeattheforecast.
CPGMarketingattheAlgorithmicCrossroads
17
05
Consideration
Thismeansbuildingsimulations
basedonanticipatedshiftsin
behavior,brandperception,andcompetitivepositioning,then
aligningthesetodynamicallyupdatedforecasts.Tobuildthisoutcome-drivenmodel,we:
1.EstablishReal-Time
MonitoringandFeedbackLoops:
Wecontinuouslyadjust
forecastsandactionsbasedonimmediatedataand
insights,creatingaresponsivesystemthatlearnsasitgoesacrossowned,earned,
shared,andpaidmedia,andacrossbrand,performance,andanyformofpoint-of-salemarketing.
2.SetAdaptiveSuccess
Criteria:
Wedefinewhatsuccesslookslikeinadaptableterms,goingbeyondconventionalKPIs
toincludemetricsonbrandhealth,customerloyalty,andlong-termvalue.
3.FosterPlanner-Buyer
Collaboration:
Weencourageplannersandbuyersacrossallmarketingcommunicationsdisciplines,bothontheagencyand
clientsides,toworkasa
singleteam,alignedina
commongoaltoanticipateandsurpassforecastsratherthansettlingforstaticKPIs.
4.EnableAgilityinAction:
Weestablishflexiblecriteriaforsuccess,ensuringbrandscanpivotquicklyand
capitalizeonreal-time
opportunitiesastheyarise.
IntheAlgorithmicEra,success
isamovingtarget,soby
embracingreal-timeoutcome
anticipationtoclosethegap
betweenplanningandbuying,
brandscanoutmaneuverthe
competitionandbecometruly
futureproof.Thebrandsthatwinwillbethosethatcanbeattheirownexpectations,creatingmoreroomforagility,adaptability,andgrowth.
CPGMarketingattheAlgorithmicCrossroads18CARAT
06
ReimaginetheRetail
MediaValueExchange
IntheAlgorithmicEra,CPGbrands’traditionalstrengths
continuetobeincredibly
important.Abrandneedsbig,
boldconnectingideasthatshowitknowsitsplaceintheworldandhastheconfidencetoletpeoplebuildonthatpositioning.
Agreatbrandisbuiltona
greatbrandexperience.The
touchpointsthatmakeupthe
brandexperiencecontribute75%ofbrandstrength,threetimesthatofpaidmarketing.22Thismakes
theretailexperienceacrucial
battlegroundandcreatesahugeopportunityforCPGbrandsto
buildthealgorithminemergingspaces.
Howeasybrandsaretorecallandfindinbuyingsituations
isincreasinglydetermined
byalgorithms.Theleading
retailersacrossgeographies
arecapitalizingonthisshiftbybuildingretailmedianetworks.
Intheory,retailmediaistheonlymarketingchannelwherethe
buyerandthesellerhavethe
sameobjective,whichistodrivegrowthwiththeirsharedend
customer.Retailersfacehuge
pressuretofindincremental
revenuestreamstoremain
competitive,andthispressure
canleadthemtomaximizetheirownreturnsattheexpenseof
thoseoftheirbrandpartners.
“
Whenaskedwhich
transformationstrategytheyarepursuingto
deliverbusinessgrowth,41.3%ofCPGCMOs
surveyedsaythey
arebuildingtheirownmarketplacetore-selladditionalproducts
Downloaddentsu’s
CMONavigator
andservicesfromthirdparties.
Consideration
CPGMarketingattheAlgorithmicCrossroads19CARAT
06
Consideration
Thismakesretailmediaanirrationalmarketandleadsretailerstorarelyactingastruepartners:brandshaveimperfectinformation,andretailersusetheirleveragetoturnbrandbudgetintotradebudget.Brandshave
anopportunitytoredefinewhatcategoryleadershipinretailpartnershipmeans:
1.Buildameaningfulvalue2.Exploitagencydata3.Foroff-andon-trade
exchangewithretailersbyopportunitiestosuperchargeretailersthatdon’tcurrently
combiningagencyandthealgorithmforcompetitivehaveretailmedianetwork
clientdatatobringcategoryadvantage–forcompetitivecapabilities,particularlythe
insight,incrementalcustomer-advantage.Forexample,longtailofindependently
leveldataattributes,contentretailmedianetworksofferownedoutlets,brands
capabilitiesthatenhancepaidplacementsthatcanhaveanopportunitybuild
theshopperexperience,stimulateorganicpromotionthealgorithmandcreate
andprovetrueincrementalwhichcanbeusedtotrickanincrementalsourceof
categorygrowthandthesystem.revenue
enhancedretailerlifetimevalue.
CPGMarketingattheAlgorithmicCrossroads20CARAT
IntheAlgorithmicEra,the
mostin
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 北京汽车托运合同范本
- 2025年泰州货运从业资格证怎么考
- 修复车交易合同范本
- 医院弱电集成合同范本
- 制衣厂劳动合同范本
- 主厨合同范本
- 与中介定金合同范本
- 棉花劳务合同范本
- 冠名使用合同范本
- 劳动合同范本完整
- 客源国概况-韩国课件
- 道路建筑材料电子教案(全)
- 《一页纸项目管理》中文模板
- 《淡水养殖基础知识》
- 英语演讲-机器人发展
- 《尹定邦设计学概论》试题及答案
- 黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展知识竞赛试题及答案(共52题)
- 1、1~36号元素电子排布式、排布图
- advantrol-pro v2.70学习版系统组态使用手册
- 职业院校技能大赛沙盘模拟企业经营赛项规程
- 国网新闻宣传与企业文化管理专责题库汇总-下(判断、简答题)
评论
0/150
提交评论