（北京卷）冲刺2024年高考英语仿真模拟试卷02（含答案）

（北京卷）冲刺2024年高考英语仿真模拟试卷02姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五六总分评分一、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中。Frommychildhoodon,mymotherdidn'thaveajob.Ifshewasaskedto1．apersonalquestionnaire,shewouldleavethequestion"Employment"2．.Shebelievedthatherjobwastobemymother—fulltime.Thereisanoldphotographofmymotherandfather,takenin1942.Inthephotomymotherlooksverybeautiful,Ithink.WhenIlookatthephoto,Iseeawomanfullof3．inlife.Ifshehadputhermindtogettingacareer,thewholeworldwouldhavebeeninherhands.Thestoryofheryouthfully4．this.Shegotabrilliantexaminoneofthefinestschoolsinthecountry.5．shehasalwaysbeenahousewifeandmother.Everyoneinthetown6．herforhergreateffortintocharitywork,butifsomeoneaskedherwhatshedid7．sheansweredthatshewasRobertGreene'swife,andRobert'smother.WhatI8．bestfrommychildhoodishowitfelttogethomefromschool.Shewasalwaystherewaitingforus.Todaythereareprobablymanywomenseeingwhatshedidasa9．ofmymother'sgoodabilities.Idon'tmake10．either.Butsomanyyearslater,Istillrememberhowitfelttorushhome—andtherewasmum,waitingforus.1．A．takeout B．makeout C．fillout D．checkout2．A．simple B．empty C．decent D．unknown3．A．chances B．pace C．humor D．regrets4．A．improves B．ruins C．changes D．proves5．A．Yet B．So C．Nor D．Or6．A．employed B．forgave C．concerned D．admired7．A．foradrinkB．forarescue C．foraliving D．forastart8．A．demandedB．learned C．operated D．remembered9．A．waste B．reaction C．symbol D．risk10．A．progress B．option C．sense D．excuses二、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Thegesturefor"OK"hasdifferentmeaningsindifferentcultures.InJapan,someone11．witnessesanotherpersonemployingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.InFrance,aperson12．(encounter)anidenticalgesturemayinterpretitasmeaningzero.13．,youshouldavoidmakingthisgestureinBrazilandGermany,asitisconsideredimpolite.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Jobsandoccupationscomeandgoatan14．(amaze)pacethesedays.Ifyouthinkyoucan'tbereplacedbysoftware,oryourjobcan'tbeoutsourcedtosomerobotsonthemoon,youarewrong.Whatifyourjobdisappearsafterworkingfor10yearsinthefield?Youmayhavetogobacktotheclassroomand15．(retrain)inordertoqualifytoworkinanotherfield.Infact,inalllikelihood,youwillhavetodothismultipletimes.Butyoucanbepreparedfordevelopmentsandchangesbeforeyouarethrownoutofacareer.Itis16．(entire)yourchoicetolearn,ortobeforcedtolearn.阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Topredictistoguesswhatcomesnext.Makingpredictionsisareadingstrategy,inwhichreadersuseinformationfromatextandtheirownpersonalexperiences17．(anticipate)whattheyareabouttoread,18．(help)studentsmakeconnectionsbetweentheirpriorknowledgeandthetext.Predictingisalsoaprocessskill19．(use)inscience.Inthiscontext,aprediction20．(make)abouttheoutcomeofafutureeventbaseduponapatternofevidence.三、第二部分阅读理解，第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。2024ArtsIllustrationCompetitionEnterthecompetitionmostrespectedandadmiredintheindustryforcreativityinillustration,theCommunicationArtsIllustrationCompetition.Selectedbydistinguishedprofessionals,thewinningentrieswillbedistributedworldwideintheCommunicationArtsIllustrationAnnualandon,ensuringimportantexposureofthecreations.EachwinnerwillreceiveaprofessionalizedAwardofExcellenceandanawardcertificate.CommunicationArt'sAwardofExcellenceisoneofthemostdesiredawards.Ifchosen,winningplacesyouinthehighestranksofyourprofession.WhatToEnterWithAnyillustrationfirstpublishedorproducedfromJan.2023toJan.2024isqualified.Entriesmayoriginatefromanycountry.DescriptionsinEnglisharenecessaryforthejudgestoread.EntriesCanBeSubmittedInTheFollowingFormatsDigitalImages:RGBimagesinJPGformatwithamaximumfilesizeof2MB.GIFimagesmaybelivelier,butwouldbeturneddown,andsowouldthePNGones.MotionEntries:InMOV,MP4orMPGformat,withamaximumfilesizeof500MB.IllustrationCompetitionCategories&EntryFeesCategorySingleillustrationSeriesofillustrationsBooks(covers,jackets,etc.)$40$80(limitof5)Motion(mediaforfilms,videos,etc.)$90$180(limitof2)StudentWork$20(Image)$45(Video)$40(Images,limitof5)$90(Video,limitof2)Formorecategories,pleasedownloadthecategoryPDF.LateFeesEntriesmustberegisterednolaterthanApr.13,2024.Entriesregisteredafterthatdatewillbechargedafeeof$10each.NoentriescanberegisteredafterApr.27,2024.21．Whatwillthewinnergain?A．Widerecognitionintheindustry.B．Exposuretoworld-famousworks.C．Apersonalizedawardcertificate.D．ArewardfromCommunicationArts.22．Whichofthefollowingisunfitforthecompetition?A．AstudentworkfromArgentina.B．LAnewlyproducedmotionentry.C．APNGimagewithafilesizeof1MB.D．Aseriesforcoversofthreeillustrations.23．HowmuchshouldbepaidforthreecoverillustrationssubmittedonApr.20,2024?A．$80. B．$90. C．$110. D．$120.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Inmanycultures,itisconsideredunluckytospillsalt.Fortunately,manyculturesalsohaveasolutiontotheproblem,whichusuallyinvolvesthrowingapinchofsaltoveryourshoulder.Itmayseemconfusingtomodernhumans,butknowingthatsaltwasonceincrediblyvaluablecanchangethisperspective.Forthousandsofyears,saltwasanextremelyrarecommodity.Itwasdifficulttoobtainsothatthepricewasveryhigh.Manytradingroutesweresetuptocarrysalt,peoplewerepaidinsalt,andsaltwassometimesworthmorethanitsweightingold.Therefore,spillingsaltwasconsideredwasteful.Becauseofitshighvalue,saltwasalsoassociatedwithfriendshipandgoodfortune.Offeringsofsaltwereincludedinmanyreligiousceremonies,andpeoplemightbringsalttoanewhomeforgoodluck.Theseassociationswouldhavesuggestedthatitwouldbebadlucktospillsalt,sinceitwouldseemtoviolatesalt'sfortunateproperties.Saltisalsoanexcellentpreservative.Itpreventsfoodfromgoingbad.Assuch,itcametobelinkedwithhealthandlongevity.Insomecultures,spillingsaltwasthoughttoreduceone'swell-being.InBritain,forexample,eachspilledgrainwassaidtorepresentatear,whileinGermanyspilledsaltawakenedthedevil,bringingmisfortune.ThefearofspillingsaltwasalsoadoptedintotheChristianfaith.ItissaidthatJudasspilledsaltattheLastSupper,andsincehelaterturnedouttobethebetrayerofChrist,spilledsaltisconsideredunluckybymanyChristians.Shouldyoubeunfortunateenoughtospillsalt,youmightthrowapinchoveryourleftshouldertoblindtheDevil.24．Spillingsaltwasprobablythoughttobringbadluckbecause____.A．itwasaChristianfaithB．saltwaslinkedwithmisfortuneC．itwoulddecreaseone'slifespanD．saltwasalwaysexpensivethangold25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"preservative"probablymeaninParagraph4?A．Protector. B．Flavor. C．Medium. D．Solution.26．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tointroducethehistoryofsalt.B．Toshowwaystoavoidmisfortune.C．Toexplainthebeliefsaboutspillingsalt.D．Toentertainreaderswithsomeanecdotes.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Acrosstheworld,humanspurchasearound1.3billionsingle-useplasticwaterbottlesaday.Becauseonlyabout9%ofplasticisrecycled,thevastmajorityofthosebottleswindupinlandfills,theocean,orelsewhereinnature.Whenbeach-lovingMadisonnoticedthoseplasticbottlesduringherfamily'stripstoCalifornia,the12-year-old"justfeltlikethisneededtochange,"shetoldSmithsonianMagazine.Soasshebeganthinkingaboutwhattodoforherschoolsciencefairbackin2021,theideaofaprojectcenteredonreducingplasticpollutionquicklycametohermind:shewoulddesignaneatablewaterbottlecalledtheEco-Hero."Oneofmybiggestambitionsformyprojectwaswantingtohelptheworld,"theconfidentyounginventorsaidinavideoonthewebsite.Tobringherideatolife,Madisonbuiltuponthealreadyestablishedmethodbyexperimentingwithcommonfoodmaterials.Shealsotookinspirationfrompreviousversionsofeatablewaterbottles,thoughshefocusedonmakinghersbiggerandmoredurable.Shefoundthatthecombinationofwater,lemonjuice,naturalgum,andAlginicacid(褐藻酸)resultedinagelpouchthatwouldn'tbreak,couldholdupto3/4cupofwater,andwouldlastinthefridgeforthreeweeks.Thoughshe'dliketoimprovetheEco-Herobymakingitabletoholdmorewater,shebelieveshercurrentversionwouldworkwellasareplacementforthepapercupsusedbyrunnersinraces.Alloneneedstodoisbiteaholeinthewaterball,drinkthewater,andtheneatthepouchorthrowitawaytobiodegrade.MadisonhopestheEco-Heroinspiresotherstotakebettercareoftheplanet."Itdoesn'tnecessarilyhavetobeinabigway,"shetoldSmithsonian."Peoplecanstillmakeadifferenceintheworld,evenifit'sjustinasmallway."27．WhatinspiredMadison'sdesignofaneatablewaterbottle?A．Herschool'stask. B．Herfamily'surge.C．Herlovefornature. D．Hertripstothebeach.28．WhatcanweknowabouttheEco-Hero?A．Itisacopyofthepreviousversions.B．Itismadefromunbreakablematerials.C．Itisanimprovementinsizeanddurability.D．Ithasaholeandshouldbedisposedonceused.29．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMadison?A．Ambitiousandcreative. B．Talentedanddetermined.C．Courageousandconfident. D．Cooperativeandcommitted.30．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Agoodbeginningishalfdone.B．Smallpeoplemakebigmoves.C．Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.D．Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Nowadays,theworldisslowlybecomingahigh-techsocietyandwearenowsurroundedbytechnology.FacebookandTwitterareinnovativetools;textmessagingisstillasomewhatexistingphenomenonandevene-mailisonlyaflashingspotonthescreenwhencomparedwithourlonghistoryofsnailmail.Nowweadoptthesetoolstothepointofessentialness,andonlyrarelyconsiderhowwearemorefundamentallyaffectedbythem.Socialmedia,textingande-mailallmakeitmucheasiertocommunicate,gatherandpassinformation,buttheyalsopresentsomedangers.Byremovinganyrealhumanengagement,theyenableustodevelopourabnormalself-lovewithouttheriskofdisapprovalorcriticism.Touseatheatricalmetaphor(隐喻),thesenewformsofcommunicationprovideastageonwhichwecaneachcreateourowncharacters,hiddenbehindafourthwalloftweets,statusupdatesandtexts.Thisunrealstateofunconcerncanbecomeaddictiveasweseparateourselvesasafedistancefromthecrueltyofourfleshlylives,whereweareimperfect,powerlessandinsignificant.Inessence,wehavebeenprovidednotonlythemeanstobemorefree,butalsotobecomenew,tocreateandprojectamoreperfectselftotheworld.Aswebecomemorereliantonthesetools,theybecomemoreapartofourdailyroutine,andsowebecomemorerestrictedinthisfantasy.Soitisthatweliveinacoldera,wherenamesandfacesrepresenttwodifferentlevelsofcloseness,whereworkingrelationshipsoccuronlythroughthemagicofemailandwherelovecanstartorendbytextmessage.Anenvironmentsuchasthisreducesinterpersonalrelationshipstomeredigitalexchanges.Wouldacelebrityhavebeensodaringtodosomethingdishonorableifhehadhadtodoitinperson?Doubtful.Itseemshemighthavebeenlostinafantasyworldthatultimatelyconvincedhimselfintobelievingthedigitalselfcouldobeydifferentrulesandregulations,asifhecouldcontinuallypushthelimitsofwhat'sacceptablewithoutfacingtheconsequencesof"reallife."31．Whatcanweknowaboutnewcommunicationtools?A．Destroyingourlifetotally.B．Posingmoredangersthangood.C．Helpingustohideourfaults.D．Replacingtraditionalletters.32．Whatisthepotentialthreatcausedbythenovelcommunicationtools?A．Shelteringusfromvirtuallife.B．Removingface-to-faceinteraction.C．Leadingtofalsementalperception.D．Makingusrelymoreonhi-techmedia.33．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Technologieshavechangedourrelationships.B．Thedigitalworldisarecipeforpushinglimits.C．Lovecanbebetterconveyedbytextmessage.D．Thedigitalselfneednottakeresponsibility.34．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AddictiontotheVirtualWorldB．CostofFallingintoDigitalLifeC．InterpersonalSkillsontheNetD．TheFutureofSocialMedia四、第二部分阅读理解。第二节阅读还原(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。TheFailedNewYear'sResolution:ThreeTipstoGetonTrackJanuaryisofficiallyover,andmanypeoplearetakingstockoftheirprogresstowardsNewYear'sresolutions.Thefactisthatyouprobablyhaven'tkeptupwiththemasmuchasyouhoped.Butthat'snotyourfault.35．.Ifyoufeellikeyouhavealreadyfailed,herearethreetipsbeforeyouletgo.Practiceself-compassionManypeopletalktothemselvesinharshwayswhenstrugglingwithnewhabits,believingself-criticismwillhelpthemreachtheirgoals.Researchshows,however,thattheoppositeistrue.Self-compassionismoreeffectiveforpersonalimprovement,especiallywhenfacingfailure.36．_,trytobekindandgentlewithyourself,justasyouwouldwithalovedone.37．Resolutionsareoftenphrasedasdefinitivegoals.Iwillexercisedaily.Iwillkickdesserts.38．.Butsettingall-or-nothinggoalscanleadtoall-or-nothingdecisionsthatonegivesupwhenfacedwithchallenges.Incontrast,intentionsfocusmoreonyourvaluesthanspecificactions.Forexample,theresolution"Iwillexercisedaily"maybecomeanintentionof"Iwanttomovemybodybecauseitfeelsgood."Thisapproachallowsformoreflexibilitywhenunexpectedstressarises.SolveproblemsbyovercomingbarriersIfyouarestrugglingtomaintainyourdesiredhabits,thereareevidence-basedtechniquesavailabletohelpyou.39．.Thisinvolvesidentifyingthespecificbarriersthatleadtoyourquittingsomethingthatyouwanttodo.Perhapsyoukeepforgettingthenewhabit,orperhapsyoudon'tunderstandhowtodoit.Whateveritis,identifythebarrierandcopewithitspecifically.A.Setall-or-nothinggoalsB.ChangeyourresolutionsintointentionsC.OnesuchskilliscalledmissinglinksanalysisD.SettingspecificbehavioralgoalscanbeeffectiveE.Ifyou'repersuadedtogiveuponyourresolutionsF.Oldhabitstendtodiehard,andnewhabitstendtodieeasyG.Whenyouareupsetaboutyourselffornotkeepingresolutions五、第三部分书面表达，第一节阅读表达(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。CrowdcontrolcouldsoonbecomeanimportantskillforclimbersonMountEverest,asimportantasphysicalstrengthorwatchingtheweather.Inasingledaylastweek,nearly40peoplereachedthetopoftheworld—arecord.Reportsfrombasecampspokeofqueuesatdangerousridgesandcrowdsaspeoplepassedeachotherinthefinaldashforthe8,848meterstop.MoretraditionalmountaineershavebeenconcernedaboutthecircusatmospheresurroundingEverestinrecentyears,andtherearewarningsthatthecrowdsaremakingthemountainmoredangerous.In1996,14diedonthemountainwhenthemembersofseveralgroupsweretrappedathighaltitudesbysuddensnowstorms.BadweatherinearlyMayledtothisyear'sjamonthesummitridge,buttheloss,luckily,waslight.Justfourclimbersdied,includingaNepaliSherpawhohadmade11previoussuccessfulclimbing.Traditionalistsarealsoworriedaboutthegrowingtendencyofclimberstosetrecordsandachieve"firsts",ratherthansimplyclimbthemountain.Thisyear'scropofmountaineersincludedtheoldestman,64-year-oldShermanBullfromConnecticut,andtheyoungest,16-year-oldTembaTsheriSherpaofNepal.AnAmericanwithonlyonearmwasonthemountainthisyear;anIndianwithnolegsalsotriedbutfailed.ErikWeihennieyer,anAmerican,becamethefirstblindpersontoreachthetopoftheworld.Hisfellowclimbersstayedinfrontofhimonthewayup,describingthetypeoflandandringingbells.NepalviewsMountEverestassomethingofacashcow.Thegovernmentchargesjourneysaminimumof$70,000.ThatisprobablywhyofficialsinKatmanduareignoringconcernsaboutovercrowdingandtalkingaboutevenmoreclimberscomingnextyear.Butacelebrationofthe48thanniversaryofthefirstconquestofEverest,bySirEdmundHillaryandSherpaTenzingNorgay,wascancelledafterviolentstrikes.Tumultuous(动乱的)Nepalipolitics,itseems,couldbejustthecrowd-controlmeasurethatEverestneeds.40．Accordingtotheauthor,whatskillsareimportantforclimbersonMountEverest?41．Whataretraditionalmountaineersworriedabout?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.●TheNepalgovernmentcareslittleabouttheovercrowdingproblembecauseofitsinternaltumultuouspolitics.43．Doyouthinkitisagoodideatolimitthenumberofvisitorstoatouristattraction?Why?六、书面表达(20分)44．最近你校学生会经常组织学生到乡村小学与那里的学生举办一系列的活动，请你写一篇报道，在校英文报上讲述举办的活动。内容包括：1.活动内容（捐书、书信交流等）；2.活动意义；3.号召加入。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

答案解析部分【答案】1．C；2．B；3．A；4．D；5．A；6．D；7．C；8．D；9．A；10．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者主要回忆了拥有出色才能得妈妈却选择了全职妈妈，直到多年后，作者才明白妈妈这么说的意义。

【点评】考查完形填空。答题时首先要跳过空格，通读文章掌握大意。然后细读文章，字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。1．句意：如果让她填写一份个人问卷，她会把"就业"一栏空着。A.takeout拿出来；B.makeout搞清楚；C.fillout填写；D.checkout检查。根据空格后的"apersonalquestionnaire一份个人问卷"和"shewouldleavethequestion"Employment"2"，可知此处是指作者的妈妈"填写"问卷，故选C。2．句意：如果让她填写一份个人问卷，她会把"就业"一栏空着。A.simple简单的；B.empty空的；C.decent体面的；D.unknown未知的。根据空格后句"Shebelievedthatherjobwastobemymother—fulltime她认为她的工作就是做我的妈妈——全职妈妈"，可知作者的妈妈没有工作，也就填写"就业"一栏，故选B。3．句意：当我看着照片时，我看到了一个充满机遇的女人。A.chances机会；B.pace步速；C.humor幽默；D.regrets后悔。根据空格后句"Ifshehadputhermindtogettingacareer,thewholeworldwouldhavebeeninherhands.Thestoryofheryouthfully4this.如果她下定决心找份事业，整个世界就掌握在她手中了。她年轻时的故事充分证明了这一点"，可知作者的妈妈能力突出，作者认为他的妈妈应该有很多的机会，故选A。4．句意：她年轻时的经历充分证明了这一点。A.improves提高；B.ruins毁坏；C.changes改变；D.proves证明。根据空格后的"Shegotabrilliantexaminoneofthefinestschoolsinthecountry她在全国最好的学校之一考得很好"，可知作者的妈妈年轻时非常优秀，妈妈年轻时的经历证明了她应该是有很多机会的人，故选D。5．句意：然而，她一直是一个家庭主妇和母亲。A.Yet但是；B.So因此；C.Nor也不；D.Or或者。上文提到妈妈能力出众、机会不少，这与空格后的"shehasalwaysbeenahousewifeandmother她一直是一个家庭主妇和母亲"意思相反，属于转折关系，故选A。6．句意：镇上的每个人都钦佩她在慈善事业上的巨大努力，但如果有人问她以什么为生，她会回答说她是罗伯特·格林的妻子，也是罗伯特的母亲。A.employed雇佣；B.forgave原谅；C.concerned担忧；D.admired羡慕。根据空格后的"forhergreateffortintocharitywork因为她在慈善事业上付出了巨大的努力"，结合选项，可知此处应是镇上的人都很钦佩她，故选D。7．句意：镇上的每个人都钦佩她在慈善事业上的巨大努力，但如果有人问她以什么为生，她会回答说她是罗伯特·格林的妻子，也是罗伯特的母亲。A.foradrink为了喝一杯；B.forarescue为了营救；C.foraliving为了谋生；D.forastart开始。根据空格后的"sheansweredthatshewasRobertGreene'swife,andRobert'smother她回答说她是罗伯特·格林的妻子，也是罗伯特的母亲"，结合选项，可知此处应是有人问她以什么为生，故选C。8．句意：我对童年记忆最深的是放学回家的感觉。A.demanded要求；B.learned学习；C.operated操作；D.remembered记得。根据文章最后一句话"Butsomanyyearslater,Istillrememberhowitfelttorushhome—andtherewasmum,waitingforus但这么多年过去了，我仍然记得冲回家的感觉——妈妈在那里等着我们"，结合选项，可知此处是"我记得最深的是……"，故选D。9．句意：今天，可能有很多女性认为她的所作所为是对我母亲优秀能力的浪费。A.waste浪费；B.reaction反应；C.symbol象征；D.risk风险。根据文章最后一句话"Butsomanyyearslater,Istillrememberhowitfelttorushhome—andtherewasmum,waitingforus但这么多年过去了，我仍然记得冲回家的感觉——妈妈在那里等着我们"，可知此句是指很多人认为作全职妈妈浪费了妈妈的能力，故选A。10．句意：我也不明白。A.progress进步；B.option选择；C.sense感觉；D.excuses借口。makesense是固定短语，意"搞清楚，弄明白，有意义"；根据文章最后一句话"Butsomanyyearslater,Istillrememberhowitfelttorushhome—andtherewasmum,waitingforus但这么多年过去了，我仍然记得冲回家的感觉——妈妈在那里等着我们"，结合选项，可知作者一开始也没不清楚妈妈的价值，故选C。【答案】11．who/that；12．encountering；13．However【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了不同国家"OK"手势的不同意思。

【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及定语从句、非谓语动词和副词等知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。11．句意：在日本，看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是钱的意思。分析句子结构，可知空格处应是限制性定语从句，表示"看到别人做这个手势的人"；定语从句中，空格处缺少主语，先行词someone指人，故填who/that。12．句意：在法国，遇到相同手势的人可能会把它理解为零。非谓语动词短语"2(encounter)anidenticalgesture"作后置定语，与所修饰的名词aperson构成主动关系，即"一个遇到相同手势的人"，所以应使用V-ing形式，故填encountering。13．句意：然而，在巴西和德国，你应该避免做这个手势，因为这被认为是不礼貌的。根据句意，可知上文"InJapan,someone1witnessesanotherpersonemployingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.InFrance,aperson2(encounter)anidenticalgesturemayinterpretitasmeaningzero"和下文"youshouldavoidmakingthisgestureinBrazilandGermany,asitisconsideredimpolite在巴西和德国，你应该避免做这个手势，因为这被认为是不礼貌的"意思相反，故填However。【答案】14．amazing；15．beretrained；16．entirely【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在未来，在很多工作上，机器人将会取代人类，人类将面对重新培训再上岗的局面。

【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及形容词、谓语动词和副词等知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。14．句意：如今，工作和职业以惊人的速度来来去去。根据常见结构"冠词+形容词+名词"，可知空格处应填入形容词作定语；被修饰名词pace意"速度"，指物，所以应使用-ing形式的形容词，故填amazing。15．句意：你可能不得不回到教室接受再培训，以便有资格在另一个领域工作。分析句子结构，空格处是与and前的动词go并列的、放在情态动词haveto后的动词原形；根据句意，句子主语you和retrain构成被动关系，表示"你不得不被重新培训"，所以应使用被动语态，故填beretrained。16．句意：学习或被迫学习完全是你的选择。空格前后的is和yourchoice构成完整的系表结构，所以空格处应使用副词修饰动词，故填entirely。【答案】17．toanticipate；18．helping；19．used；20．ismade【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了预测在阅读中的重要性。

【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及非谓语动词和谓语动词等知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。17．句意：预测是一种阅读策略，读者利用文本中的信息和自己的个人经历来预测他们将要阅读的内容，帮助学生在他们的先验知识和文本之间建立联系。根据句意，可知"1(anticipate)whattheyareabouttoread预测他们将要阅读的内容"作目的状语，所以应使用动词不定式，故填toanticipate。18．句意：预测是一种阅读策略，读者利用文本中的信息和自己的个人经历来预测他们将要阅读的内容，帮助学生在他们的先验知识和文本之间建立联系。根据句子结构，可知空格处属于非谓语动词短语作状语；非谓语动词短语"(help)studentsmakeconnectionsbetweentheirpriorknowledgeandthetext"作状语，与句子主语Makingpredictions构成主动关系，即"预测帮助学生在他们的先验知识和文本之间建立联系"，所以应使用V-ing形式，故填helping。19．句意：预测也是科学中使用的一种过程技能。分析句子结构，可知空格处"3(use)inscience"在句中作后置定语，与所修饰名词aprocessskill构成被动关系，即"一种在科学中被使用的过程技能"，所以应使用过去分词形式，故填used。20．句意：在这种情况下，基于证据模式对未来事件的结果做出预测。分析句子结构，可知空格处缺少谓语动词；谓语动词make与主语aprediction构成被动关系，应使用被动语态；众观全文，可知全文使用的是一般现在时，所以空格处也应使用一般现在时，故填ismade。【答案】21．A22．C23．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了2024艺术插画竞赛的相关情况。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题这种常考题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案。21．细节理解题。根据标题"2024ArtsIllustrationCompetition"下段落中的"ESelectedbydistinguishedprofessionals,thewinningentrieswillbedistributedworldwideintheCommunicationArtsIllustrationAnnualandon,ensuringimportantexposureofthecreations由杰出的专业人士选出的获奖作品将在全球传播艺术插图年鉴和上发布，以确保作品的重要曝光率"，可知获胜者将会获得行业内的广泛认可，故选A。22．细节理解题。根据第三标题"EntriesCanBeSubmittedInTheFollowingFormats"下的"GIFimagesmaybelivelier,butwouldbeturneddown,andsowouldthePNGonesGIF图像可能更生动，但会被拒绝，PNG图像也是如此"，可知PNG格式的图片不适合参赛，故选C。23．细节理解题。根据标题"IllustrationCompetitionCategories&EntryFees"下表格第一项"Books(covers,jackets,etc.)"和"$80(limitof5)"，以及标题"LateFees"下的"Entriesregisteredafterthatdatewillbechargedafeeof$10each在此日期之后报名的作品将被收取10美元的费用"，可知2024年4月20日提交的三张封面插图需要支付80+10*3=110美元，故选C。【答案】24．C25．A26．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，解释了人们对撒盐这件事的信仰。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和词义猜测题两种常考题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案；词义猜测题需要对已有信息进行加工处理，利用上下文、表示转折、并列或因果的词、定语从句等信息推断出词的意思。24．细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Assuch,itcametobelinkedwithhealthandlongevity因此，它与健康和长寿联系在一起"，可知洒盐可能与缩短人的寿命有关，故选C。25．词义猜测题。根据划线词后句"Itpreventsfoodfromgoingbad它能防止食物变质"，可知盐是一种很好的"保护"食物变质的物质，故选A。26．写作目的题。根据第一段"Inmanycultures,itisconsideredunluckytospillsalt.Fortunately,manyculturesalsohaveasolutiontotheproblem,whichusuallyinvolvesthrowingapinchofsaltoveryourshoulder.Itmayseemconfusingtomodernhumans,butknowingthatsaltwasonceincrediblyvaluablecanchangethisperspective在许多文化中，撒盐被认为是不吉利的。幸运的是，许多文化也有解决这个问题的方法，通常是在你的肩膀上撒一撮盐。这对现代人来说似乎很困惑，但知道盐曾经非常有价值可以改变这种观点"，结合文章主要介绍世界上一些关于撒盐的观念以及应对的办法，故选C。【答案】27．D28．C29．A30．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了12岁的女孩Madison为了解决塑料瓶污染的问题，发明了可食用的水瓶。

【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题、推断题、和主旨题都是常考题型。细节题需要根据关键词从文中找出答案；推断题需要考生根据关键词，结合语境推断出所需要的信息；主旨题则需要考生掌握全文结构和行文脉络，重点关注每段的中心句或首句，利用关键词获取主旨大意。27．细节理解题。根据第二段中"Whenbeach-lovingMadisonnoticedthoseplasticbottlesduringherfamily'stripstoCalifornia,the12-year-old‘justfeltlikethisneededtochange,'shetoldSmithsonianMagazine当热爱海滩的麦迪逊在家人去加利福尼亚旅行时注意到那些塑料瓶时，12岁的她告诉《史密森尼杂志》，‘只是觉得需要改变一下'"，可知她去海滩的旅行给了麦迪逊设计可食用水瓶的灵感，故选D。28．推理判断题。根据第五段中的"Shealsotookinspirationfrompreviousversionsofeatablewaterbottles,thoughshefocusedonmakinghersbiggerandmoredurable她还从以前的可食水瓶中获得了灵感，不过她专注于让自己的水瓶更大、更耐用"，可知她设计的水瓶在体积和耐用性上有了改善，故选C。29．推理判断题。根据第五段中的"Tobringherideatolife,Madisonbuiltuponthealreadyestablishedmethodbyexperimentingwithcommonfoodmaterials.Shealsotookinspirationfrompreviousversionsofeatablewaterbottles,thoughshefocusedonmakinghersbiggerandmoredurable为了将她的想法付诸实践，Madison在已经建立的方法的基础上，对常见的食物材料进行了实验。她还从以前的可食水瓶中获得了灵感，不过她专注于让自己的水瓶更大、更耐用"可推测出，Madison根据已经建立的方法和从以前的可食用水瓶中获得的灵感，通过实验设计出了更大、更耐用的水瓶，由此可推测出，她是一个有创造力的（creative）人。根据第四段"‘Oneofmybiggestambitionsformyprojectwaswantingtohelptheworld,'theconfidentyounginventorsaidinavideoonthewebsite这位自信的年轻发明家在网站上的一段视频中说：‘我对这个项目最大的抱负之一是想帮助世界'"可知，她有帮助世界的抱负，由此可推测出，她是一个有抱负的（ambitious）人，故选A。30．标题选择题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中Madison的话"Itdoesn'tnecessarilyhavetobeinabigway(这不一定要很大)"和"Peoplecanstillmakeadifferenceintheworld,evenifit'sjustinasmallway人们仍然可以在世界上有所作为，即使只是在很小的方面"，可知年仅12岁的女孩Madison设计出了可食用的水瓶，用自己的方式帮助保护环境，她认为人们不一定要做出非常大的成就，小事情也能有重要影响，所以B项"小人物也能有大成就"适合作本文标题，故选B。【答案】31．C32．C33．A34．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了陷入数字生活的代价。

【点评】考查阅读理解。推断题和主旨题都是常考题型。推断题需要考生根据关键词，结合语境推断出所需要的信息；主旨题则需要考生掌握全文结构和行文脉络，重点关注每段的中心句或首句，利用关键词获取主旨大意。31．推理判断题。根据第二段"Touseatheatricalmetaphor(隐喻),thesenewformsofcommunicationprovideastageonwhichwecaneachcreateourowncharacters,hiddenbehindafourthwalloftweets,statusupdatesandtexts.Thisunrealstateofunconcerncanbecomeaddictiveasweseparateourselvesasafedistancefromthecrueltyofourfleshlylives,whereweareimperfect,powerlessandinsignificant.Inessence,wehavebeenprovidednotonlythemeanstobemorefree,butalsotobecomenew,tocreateandprojectamoreperfectselftotheworld用戏剧化的比喻来说，这些新的交流形式提供了一个舞台，我们每个人都可以在这个舞台上创造自己的角色，隐藏在推特、状态更新和文本的第四堵墙后面。当我们与残酷的肉体生活保持安全距离时，这种不真实的漠不关心状态会让人上瘾，在肉体生活中，我们是不完美、无能为力和微不足道的。从本质上讲，我们不仅获得了更自由的手段，而且获得了