2024届江西省萍乡市高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题（解析版）

绝密★启用前2024年普通高等学校招生萍乡市第二次模拟考试英语(120分钟，总分150分)本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。共150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目、试卷类型用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。2.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试卷上。3.考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Confused.B.Disappointed.C.Anxious.2.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Visitthemuseum.B.Storeherluggage.C.Gototheentrance.3.Whatistheman’sproblem?A.Heisovercharged.B.Hemissedthecheckout.C.Heforgotaboutaservice.4.Whatdoweknowaboutthepumpkinmilkytea?A.Itisnotfreshenough.B.Itisunavailablenow.C.Ithasbeensoldout.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Shesupportstheman.B.Themanshouldfindanewjob.C.Itwouldbeuselessgoingbacktoschool.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhatismentionedaboutBrysonRoad?A.Ithasasubwaystop.B.Itisoftenjammedwithtraffic.C.Itispartiallyunderconstruction.7.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Takeadifferentreturnroute.B.Walktwoblocks.C.Putoffhertrip.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodoatfirst?A.Findcarkeys.B.Takeabus.C.Checkhisschedule.9.Whatdidthemandolastweek?A.Hecrashedhiscarintoapolicecar.B.Hechangedhiscarinsurance.C.Hegottwospeedingtickets.10.Whatdoweknowaboutthecourse?A.It’sexpensive.B.It’s25-hourlong.C.It’sanofflinecourse.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatiscausingaschedulingconflictfortheman?A.Amedicalappointment.B.Aplannedmeeting.C.Acollegecourse.12.Whowillmostprobablytaketheman’sshift?A.Thewoman.B.Ruby.C.Mr.Romero.13.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoingwhenthemanagerarrives?A.Makingaremindernote.B.Gettingsomecontactdetails.C.Reportingtheprogressofatask.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whatisthepurposeofthecharitymarathon?A.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.B.Toprovidetrainingforvolunteers.C.Tosupportschooleducation.15.Whatwillvolunteersdoforthecharitymarathon?A.Assistwiththerace.B.Runthemarathonasparticipants.C.Givepresentationsattheconference.16.Whendoestheracestart?A.At6a.m.B.At6:30a.m.C.At7a.m.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhatcanvisitorsdoalongtheSarawakRiver?A.Seehugecatstatues.B.ViewtheAstanapalace.C.Exploresidestreets.18.WhywasFortMargheritabuilt?A.Foradministration.B.Fordefense.C.Forleisure.19.WhatisthedistinctivefeatureofKuching?A.Itscatstatues.B.Itslonghistory.C.Itscharmingscenery.20.Whatisnasilemak?A.Ricenoodles.B.Soursoup.C.Aricedish.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIntheworkplace,wehavetodealwithdifferentpeople,andthebestwaytodothatistofindempathytobetterunderstandthem.Herearethreefruitpersonalitiesandhowbesttodealwiththem.Apple:hardcore,doesn’tbrulseeasllyAppletypesaredirectanddon’tsufferfools.Theyarefast,logicalthinkerswholovetowinandhatetolosecontrol.They’llgetaresultatanycost,butseeconflictassport.Managingapples:·Haveyourfacts(orsuffertheconsequences)·Alwaysstanduptothem.·Gettothepoint.·Befastandlogical.·Watchandlearn-theymakegreatmentors.Lemon:intenseandconcentratedLemonslovestructure,detail,orderandrules.Theyareworrierswholikesafety,securityandpredictability.Theylovedetailandareawesomeatspottinggapsinaplan.Buttoomanyrulescanbefrustratingtoothers.Managinglemons:·Respecttheirneedforspaceandtime;givethemplentyofnotice.·Slowyourpaceifyou’refast,quietendownifyou’reloud.·Don’tsurprisethem.·Don’tthreatentheirsecurity.·Knowyoucannevergivetoomuchdetail.Banana:sweetandsoftBananatypesenjoyharmonyintheworkplaceandshyawayfromconflict.Theyhaveloadsofempathy.Theyareexcellentincustomerserviceroles,yettheycanirritatepeoplebybeingtoonice.Whenthey’retooaccommodating,theycanbeseenasindecisive.Managingbananas:·Don’tpressurethem,butmotivate.·Encouragetheiropinions,andlisten.·Don’toverloadthemwithyourproblems.·Provideregularfeedbackopportunities.·Benice-that’salltheywant.1.Whichwayispropertodealwiththelemonpersonality?A.Talkingloudly. B.Makingsomerules.C.Thinkinglogically. D.Givingmoredetails.2.Whatdoesthebananapersonalitythinkofconflict?A.Appealing. B.Unwelcome. C.Useful. D.Harmful.3.Whoisthetextmainlyintendedfor?A.Housewives. B.Students. C.Employees. D.Customers.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍与职场中三种不同性格的人打交道的方法。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Lemon:intenseandconcentrated部分中“Theylovedetailandareawesomeatspottinggapsinaplan.(他们喜欢细节，善于发现计划中的漏洞)”可知，与柠檬型性格的人相处的恰当方法是给他们提供更多的细节。故选D。2题详解】细节理解题。根据Banana:sweetandsoft部分中“Bananatypesenjoyharmonyintheworkplaceandshyawayfromconflict.(香蕉型的人喜欢工作场所的和谐，回避冲突)”可知，香蕉型性格的人回避冲突，即他们认为冲突是不受欢迎的。故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Intheworkplace,wehavetodealwithdifferentpeople,andthebestwaytodothatistofindempathytobetterunderstandthem.Herearethreefruitpersonalitiesandhowbesttodealwiththem.(在工作场所，我们必须与不同的人打交道，最好的方法就是找到同理心，更好地理解他们。以下三种性格，以及如何最好地处理它们)”推知，文章是写给职场人士的，即雇员。故选C。BItwasasunnywinterday.Ihadgoneupanddownthetowerwhen,outsidethelittledooratthefoot,ablindmancametowardme.Hewasapale,thinmanwithdarkglasses.Hekeptclosetotheinnerwallofthecourtyard.Onreachingthedoor,hetoucheditandsharplyturnedinside.Inamoment,hedisappearedupthestaircase.Istoodstill,lookingatthelittlesignthatsaid“TotheTower…”Ifeltobligedtofollow.Ididn’tfollowclosely.Icaughtupwithhimintheticketoffice.ThereIwassurprisedtoseetheattendantsellinghimaticketasthoughhewereanyothervisitor.Withtheticketinonehandandtouchingthewallwiththeother,hereachedthestaircaseleadingtothehallway.“Thatmanisblind,”Isaidtotheattendant,butheshowednoconcern.“He’sblind,”Irepeated.Hedidn’tanswer,lookingatmevacantly.“Perhanshewantstojump,”Isaid.Buthischairwastoocomfortable.Hedidn’tstir.Hestilllookeddownatacrosswordpuzzlehehadbegun.Iturnedtowardthestaircase.“Theticket,”theattendantsaid,risingfromhischair.Itseemedtheonlythingthatcouldmovehim.Afterpurchasingmyticket,Ihurriedupthestaircase.Themanhadn’tgoneasfarasIimagined.Aftertenminutes,Iapproachedhim.“Excuseme,”IsaidaspolitelyasIcould,“butIamverycurioustoknowwhyyoucameup.”“You’dneverguess,”hesaid.“Nottheview,Itakeit,orthefreshaironthiswinterday,”Isaid.Hesmiled.“Comingupthestairs,onecanfeelthechange-thecoostaircasesuddenlybecomesquitewarm,—andhowupherebehindthewallthereisshade,butassoonasonegoesoppositeanarrowwindowonefindsthesun.InallofSienathereisnoplacesogoodashere.”Hemovedintothesunlight.Thenhesteppedintotheshade.“Light,shade,light,shade,”hesaid,andseemedaspleasedasachildwho,inagameofhopscotch,jumpsfromsquaretosquare.Wewentdownthetowertogether.Ilefthim,gladdenedasonecanonlybebythesunlight.4.Whydidtheauthorfollowtheblindman?A.Tooffertimelyhelp. B.Tosatisfyhiscuriosity.C.Toteachhimalesson. D.Topreventhimfromclimbingup.5.Whatwastheattendant’sattitudetovisitors?A.Enthusiastic. B.Concerned. C.Indifferent. D.Skeptical.6.Whatencouragedtheblindmantoclimbthetower?A.Thefreshaironthetop. B.Thepleasantchildhoodmemories.C.Thefantasticviewfromthetower. D.Thestrikingcontrastbetweenlightandshade.7Whatmessagedoesthewriterwanttoconveyinthetext?A.Natureisthebestgiftforhumanity.B.Whenonedoorshuts,anotheropensinlife.C.Everyindividualcanappreciatebeautyinlife.D.Thedisadvantageddeservecarefromthesociety.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一次作者看到一个盲人买票到塔上去参观，他很好奇于是就跟上去，后来得知原来盲人是来塔上感受光影变化的，盲人也能感受到世界的美好。【4题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段“Onreachingthedoor,hetoucheditandsharplyturnedinside.Inamoment,hedisappearedupthestaircase.Istoodstill,lookingatthelittlesignthatsaid‘TotheTower…’Ifeltobligedtofollow.(一到门口，他就碰了碰门，猛地转了个身。过了一会儿，他消失在楼梯上。我站着不动，看着写着“去塔楼……”的小牌子，我觉得有必要跟着走。)”以及后文推测可知，作者跟随盲人是为了及时为他提供帮助。故选A项。【5题详解】推理判断题。由文章第三段“Hedidn’tanswer,lookingatmevacantly.(他没有回答，茫然地看着我。)”以及第四段“Hestilllookeddownatacrosswordpuzzlehehadbegun.Iturnedtowardthestaircase.(他仍然低头看他开始玩的填字游戏。我转向楼梯。)”可知，服务人员对来访者漠不关心。故选C项。【6题详解】细节理解题，由文章倒数第三段“Hesmiled.‘Comingupthestairs,onecanfeelthechange-thecoolstaircasesuddenlybecomesquitewarm,—andhowupherebehindthewallthereisshade,butassoonasonegoesoppositeanarrowwindowonefindsthesun.InallofSienathereisnoplacesogoodashere.’(他笑了。“走上楼梯，你可以感觉到变化——凉爽的楼梯突然变得相当温暖，墙后有树荫，但只要你走到一扇狭窄的窗户对面，就会发现阳光。在整个锡耶纳，没有比这里更好的地方了。”)”以及倒数第二段“Light,shade,light,shade,(光，阴影，光，阴影，)”可知，明暗之间的鲜明对比促使盲人爬上了那座塔。故选D项。【7题详解】推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Hemovedintothesunlight.Thenhesteppedintotheshade.‘Light,shade,light,shade,’hesaid,andseemedaspleasedasachildwho,inagameofhopscotch,jumpsfromsquaretosquare.(他走向阳光。然后他走到阴凉处。“光，阴影，光，阴影”他说，似乎很高兴，就像一个孩子在跳房子游戏中从一个广场跳到另一个广场一样。)”以及上下文可知，文章主要讲述了一次作者看到一个盲人买票到塔上去参观，他很好奇于是就跟上去，后来得知原来盲人是来塔上感受光影变化的，盲人也能感受到世界的美好，从而表达每个人都能欣赏生活中的美。故选C项。CCuriosityisthedrivingforcebehindourdevelopmentandevenoursuccess.Butitcanalsobedangerous,leadingtosetbacksorevendownfalls,sowhyarehumanssocurious?Doscientistsevenhaveadefinitionforthisinborndrive?Actually,thereisn’tonesetinthestone.Psychologistsagreecuriosityisn’taboutsatisfyinganimmediateneed,likehungerorthirst;rather,it’sintrinsically(内地)motivated.Curiositycoverssuchlargesetofbebaviorsthatthereprobablyisn’tanysingle“curiositygene”thatmakeshumanswonderaboutandexploretheirenvironment.Genesandtheenvironmentinteractinmanycomplexwaystoshapeindividualsandguidetheirbehavior,includingtheircuriosity.Regardlessoftheirgeneticmakeup,infantshavetolearnanincredibleamountofinformationinashorttime,andcuriosityisoneofthetoolshumanshavefoundtoaccomplishthathugetask.Inaclassicstudy,apsychologistshowedthatinfantsbetween2monthsand6monthsoldgrewlessandlessinterestedinacomplexvisualpatternthemoretheylookedatit.Butcuriosityoftencomeswithacost.Insomesituations,therisksarelowandfailureisahealthypartofgrowth.Forinstance,manybabiesareperfectlyproficientcrawlers,buttheydecidetotrywalkingbecausethere’smoretoseeanddowhentheystandupright.Butthismilestonecomesatasmallcost.Astudyof12-to19-month-oldslearninghowtowalkdocumentedthatthesechildrenfelldownalot.Seventeentimesperhour,tobeexact.Butwalkingisfasterthancrawling,sothismotivatesexpertcrawlerstotransitiontowalking.Sometimes,however,testingoutanewideacanleadtodisaster.Forinstance,theInuitpeopleoftheArcticregionshavecreatedincrediblemodestodealwiththechallengesoflivinginnorthernrclimates,butwhatweforgetaboutarethetensofthousandsofpeoplethattriedandfailedtomakeitinthosechallenginglandscapes.8Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninparagraph2?A.Curiosityishardtodefine. B.Humansarenotafraidofsetbacks.C.Scientistsarenotcuriousaboutthestone. D.Curiosityisn’tthedrivingforcebehindgrowth.9.Whatdopsychologistsagreeaboutthenatureofcuriosity?A.Setsofbehaviorsguidecuriosity. B.Immediateneedsdrivecuriosity.C.Externalfactorsdeterminecuriosity. D.Genesandenvironmentworktogetheroncuriosity.10.Whatcontributestobabies’growingmilestones?A.Theyprefernovelty. B.Theyfearfailures.C.Theydesiretoachievetasks. D.Theymaketheirowndecisions.11.WhydoestheauthormentiontheInuitpeopleinthelastparagraph?A.Toprovehowcuriosityhelpedthemsurvive. B.Toshowcuriositymaycomewithahighprice.C.TodescribewhyInuitpeopleneededcuriosity. D.ToshowhowInuitpeopleovercamethechallenges.【答案】8.A9.D10.A11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了好奇心的难以定义以及好奇心对人类发展的影响。【8题详解】句意猜测题。根据第一段“Doscientistsevenhaveadefinitionforthisinborndrive?(科学家们对这种天生的驱动力有定义吗)”以及划线句后文“Curiositycoverssuchlargesetofbebaviorsthatthereprobablyisn’tanysingle“curiositygene”thatmakeshumanswonderaboutandexploretheirenvironment.(好奇心涵盖了如此广泛的行为，以至于可能没有任何单一的“好奇心基因”使人类好奇和探索他们的环境)”可知，好奇心涵盖了广泛的行为，很难定义。故划线句意思是“好奇心很难定义”。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Genesandtheenvironmentinteractinmanycomplexwaystoshapeindividualsandguidetheirbehavior,includingtheircuriosity.(基因和环境以许多复杂的方式相互作用，塑造个体并指导他们的行为，包括他们的好奇心)”可知，关于好奇心的本质，心理学家的共识是基因和环境共同作用于好奇心。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Forinstance,manybabiesareperfectlyproficientcrawlers,buttheydecidetotrywalkingbecausethere’smoretoseeanddowhentheystandupright.Butthismilestonecomesatasmallcost.(例如，许多婴儿是非常熟练的爬行者，但他们决定尝试走路，因为当他们站直时，有更多的东西可以看和做。但这一里程碑的代价很小)”可知，喜欢新鲜事物促成了婴儿的成长里程碑。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sometimes,however,testingoutanewideacanleadtodisaster.Forinstance,theInuitpeopleoftheArcticregionshavecreatedincrediblemodestodealwiththechallengesoflivinginnorthernrclimates,butwhatweforgetaboutarethetensofthousandsofpeoplethattriedandfailedtomakeitinthosechallenginglandscapes.(然而，有时候，测试一个新想法可能会导致灾难。例如，北极地区的因纽特人创造了令人难以置信的模式来应对生活在北方气候下的挑战，但我们忘记了成千上万的人在那些充满挑战的景观中尝试并失败了)”可知，作者在最后一段提到因纽特人是为了表明好奇心可能要付出很高的代价。故选B。DThereisabenefitinacknowledgingthefactthatourbrainsarebornwithanegativitypreferencethatservestoprotectusfrompotentialharm.Wewouldnothavelastedverylongasaspeciesifourancestorshadkeptoptimisticinthefaceofachargingtigerratherthanthinkingtheworstandallowingthenaturalresponseoffight-or-flighttokickin.Thepsychologicaltechniqueofusinganegativeoutlookforpersonalgrowthisknownasdefensivepessimism(DP).Ratherthanforcingoneselftoadoptapositivemindset,DPfocusesonpreparingforworstcases,therebyreducinganxiety.Let’sfaceit:Tellingananxiousmindnottoworryisasuselessastryingnottogetwetinarainstormbythinkingsunnythoughts;bettertotakeshelter.Manypeoplehaveusedthistechniqueintheirdailyliveswithoutgivingitaname.COVID-19gaveusallachancetopracticeDPaswelookprecautionstodecreaseourchancesofbecominginfected.Thispsychologicalmindtrickisnotwithoutitsdrawbacks.Appliedtoooften,lifecanbecomeaseriesofsetbacks,onlytakingdiscomfortinthefactthatone’spredictionoftheworstcasecametrue.Personalrelationshipsmayalsosuffer,astheoptimistsinone’slifegrowwearyoftheglassalwaysbeinghalf-emptyandwill,attimes,taketoironicallysinging“Don’tworry,behappy”aspayback.Thereislikelytobeadaywhentheglass-half-empty/half-fulldebateisreplacedbytherealizationthatoptimismandpessimismdon’topposeeachother,theysupporteachother.andtryingtohaveonewithouttheotherisliketryingtohaveaone-sidedcoin.12.Whatwoulddefensivepessimistsdoinwetweather?A.Picturesunnydays. B.Openanumbrella.C.Feeltherainstorm. D.Runthroughtherain.13.Theexampleof“COVID-19”inparagraph2isusedto_________.A.makeacomparison B.proposeanargumentC.introduceatopic D.clarifyaconcept14.Whichofthefollowingmayadefensivepessimistbelieve?A.Whateverwillbe,willbe. B.EverycloudhasasilverliningC.Don’tputallyoureggsinonebasket. D.Theglassishalffullnothalfempty.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Indefenseofpessimism B.TheexplorationofpsychologyC.Pessimism:aone-sidedcoin D.Negativity:trickyinpsychology【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是防御性悲观主义（DP）以及防御性悲观主义给人们带来的影响。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Let’sfaceit:Tellingananxiousmindnottoworryisasuselessastryingnottogetwetinarainstormbythinkingsunnythoughts;bettertotakeshelter.(让我们面对现实吧：告诉一颗焦虑的心不要担心，就像在暴风雨中试图用阳光来避免被淋湿一样没有用；最好找个地方躲起来)”可知，在潮湿的天气里，防御性悲观主义者会打开一把伞。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Manypeoplehaveusedthistechniqueintheirdailyliveswithoutgivingitaname.COVID-19gaveusallachancetopracticeDPaswelookprecautionstodecreaseourchancesofbecominginfected.(许多人在日常生活中使用这种方法，却没有给它起个名字。COVID-19为我们所有人提供了实践DP的机会，因为我们采取预防措施以减少感染的机会)”可知，第2段中的“COVID-19”示例用于澄清一个概念。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Appliedtoooften,lifecanbecomeaseriesofsetbacks,onlytakingdiscomfortinthefactthatone’spredictionoftheworstcasecametrue.(如果过于频繁，生活就会变成一连串的挫折，只会因为自己对最坏情况的预测成真而感到不安)”可推知，防御性悲观主义者可能相信不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thereisabenefitinacknowledgingthefactthatourbrainsarebornwithanegativitypreferencethatservestoprotectusfrompotentialharm.Wewouldnothavelastedverylongasaspeciesifourancestorshadkeptoptimisticinthefaceofachargingtigerratherthanthinkingtheworstandallowingthenaturalresponseoffight-or-flighttokickin.(承认我们的大脑天生具有消极偏好这一事实是有好处的，它可以保护我们免受潜在的伤害。如果我们的祖先在面对猛虎时保持乐观，而不是往最坏的方面想，让“战或逃”的自然反应发挥作用，那么我们作为一个物种就不会存活太久)”结合文章主要解释了什么是防御性悲观主义（DP）以及防御性悲观主义给人们带来的影响。可知，A选项“为悲观主义辩护”最符合文章标题。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Yourmanagerstopsyouandsayssheneedstohaveawordaboutyourperformanceintherecentproject.Shebeginsbypraisingyouforthegoodworkyou’vedoneontheproject,andyouwonderifthisisthepraisethatstartsoffthetypical“feedbacksandwich”.____16____Saysomethingnice,saywhatyoureallywanttosay,saysomethingniceagain.However,whenfeedbackbecomessucharoutine,employeescanstarttoperceivepositivefeedbackassimplyaformofsugarcoatingthenegatives,thusdecreasingitsvalue.Instead,positivefeedbackshouldnotsimplybeseenassomethingtocushionthenegative.____17____Belowarethreetipstohelpyoumakepositivefeedbackcount.____18____Whenpositiveandnegativefeedbackalwaysappeartogohandinhand,thepositivescanbecomedevaluedandignored.Ensuretherearetimeswhenpositivefeedbackisgivenforitsownsakeandresistthetemptationtoofferconstructivecriticism.Cultivatea“growthmindset”.Manyofustendtofocusourpraiseontheendresultandseeminginborntalents.Forexample,____19____However,researchsuggeststhatbyfocusingontheprocessofboxthingsaredone,wecanencouragethedevelopmentofnewskillsandthecontinuedenhancementoftalents.Createacultureofofferingpositivefeedback.Makegivingpositivefeedbackpartofyourteamculture.Don’tjustwaitforspecialmomentstogivefeedback.Offerinformalpositivefeedbackwhenmakingsmalltalk.____20____Encouragepeerfeedbackamongteammembersandcolleaguesandactivelyaskthemforpositivecommentsoneachother’sperformancesontasks.A.youhavearealtalentfororganizingevents.B.Youknowhowthefeedbacksandwichgoes.C.Attempttoinjectsomepositivityintonegativefeedback.D.youreallyputalotofeffortintomakingthiseventasuccess.E.Don’talwaysfollowpositivefeedbackwithnegativefeedback.F.Feedbackdoesn’thavetoonlycomefromthehigherrankseither.G.Itshouldalsobedeliveredsoastoreinforceandencouragegoodperformance.【答案】16.B17.G18.E19.A20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了消极的反馈和积极的反馈之间的关系和影响。【16题详解】根据上文“Shebeginsbypraisingyouforthegoodworkyou’vedoneontheproject,andyouwonderifthisisthepraisethatstartsoffthetypical“feedbacksandwich”.(她一开始就称赞你在项目中做得很好，你想知道这是不是典型的“反馈三明治”的开始)”以及后文“Saysomethingnice,saywhatyoureallywanttosay,saysomethingniceagain.(说点好听的话，说你真正想说的话，再说点好听的话)”可知，后文具体解释了“反馈三明治”的过程，可知知道反馈三明治是怎么回事。故B选项“你知道反馈三明治是怎么回事”符合语境，故选B。【17题详解】根据上文“However,whenfeedbackbecomessucharoutine,employeescanstarttoperceivepositivefeedbackassimplyaformofsugarcoatingthenegatives,thusdecreasingitsvalue.Instead,positivefeedbackshouldnotsimplybeseenassomethingtocushionthenegative.(然而，当反馈成为一种惯例时，员工会开始认为积极的反馈只是一种粉饰消极的形式，从而降低了消极反馈的价值。相反，积极的反馈不应该仅仅被看作是缓冲消极的东西)”可知，上文提到积极的反馈不应该仅仅被看作是缓冲消极的东西，本句承接上文说明积极反馈真正的作用。故G选项“它的实施也应该是为了加强和鼓励良好的表现”符合语境，故选G。【18题详解】根据本段内容“Whenpositiveandnegativefeedbackalwaysappeartogohandinhand,thepositivescanbecomedevaluedandignored.Ensuretherearetimeswhenpositivefeedbackisgivenforitsownsakeandresistthetemptationtoofferconstructivecriticism.(当积极和消极的反馈总是齐头并进时，积极的东西就会被贬低和忽视。确保有时候给予积极的反馈是为了反馈本身，并抵制提供建设性批评的诱惑)”可知，后文提到了积极和消极的反馈的缺点，建议提出建设性批评，说明不要总是太在乎积极的反馈和消极的反馈。故E选项“不要总是紧跟着积极的反馈和消极的反馈”符合语境，故选E。【19题详解】根据上文“Cultivatea“growthmindset”.Manyofustendtofocusourpraiseontheendresultandseeminginborntalents.(培养“成长心态”。我们中的许多人倾向于把赞美集中在最终结果和似乎天生的才能上)”可知，本句主要是针对上文提到的“把赞美集中在最终结果和似乎天生的才能上”进行举例说明，A选项中talent对应上文talents。故A选项“你在组织活动方面很有天赋”符合语境，故选A。【20题详解】根据后文“Encouragepeerfeedbackamongteammembersandcolleaguesandactivelyaskthemforpositivecommentsoneachother’sperformancesontasks.(鼓励团队成员和同事之间的同伴反馈，并积极要求他们对彼此在任务中的表现给予积极的评价)”可知，同伴也可以给予反馈，说明反馈不一定来自上级。故F选项“反馈也不一定只来自高层”符合语境，故选F。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Amommakesmini-metoysasuniqueasthechildrenwhoembracethem.Asa____21____workerusingplaytherapytohelpchildrenthroughtheircancertreatment,Amywishedshecould____22____herpatientswithdollsthatboretheirall-too-familiarhairlossandsurgeryscars.____23____Amyleftwelfareworkin2011tostartafamily,shestilloftenthoughtofthekids.Shesaid,“Thesekidsneedsomethingthatlooksliketheydo.”Thisideahadalways____24____inhermind.Thenin2020,amomwhosedaughterlostalegtoamputation(截肢)askedAmy,whowas____25____withasewingmachine,ifshecouldmakeamini-medolforthegirl.AfterAmy____26____aphotooftheleglessdollonFacebook,____27____pouredinforlikenesswitheverythingfromalbinism(白化病)tobirthmarks.“____28____makekidsfeelisolatedandjudged,”shesays,“Withthedoll,achildsees‘IamnottheonlyonewholooksthiswayandI’malso____29____enoughtobeadoll.’”Amy____30____nearly400customdollsatherdining-roomtable,withdonorsoftencoveringthe100costthroughAmy’snonprofitADollLikeMe.Themomofthree____31____makingeachdollherselfwithhelpfromhermotherandafriend.ForKeagan.2,whoserareskinconditionhas____32____himinbirthmarks,Amymatchedthedoll’s____33____exactly.“Thatwasthemostamazingthing,”saysKeagan’smom.Afarthersays,“I____34____likeababywhenadollcameinthemailformydaughter,whowasbornwithoutherlowerleftarm.Seeingmydaughterwithherdoll,itmakesmethinkaboutherfuture,nother____35____.”21.A.social B.financial C.cultural D.sport22.A.educate B.attend C.protect D.treat23.A.Before B.After C.Once D.Until24.A.shifted B.worked C.stopped D.stuck25.A.handy B.satisfied C.bored D.careful26.A.took B.posted C.removed D.downloaded27.A.complaints B.remarks C.orders D.praises28.A.Failures B.Changes C.Similarities D.Differences29.A.active B.bold C.beautiful D.plain30.A.crafted B.collected C.purchased D.received31.A.takesup B.insistson C.thinksabout D.liveson32.A.dressed B.recognized C.covered D.buried33.A.spots B.sizes C.shapes D.colors34.A.slept B.wept C.yawned D.laughed35.A.potentials B.personalities C.limitations D.requirements【答案】21.A22.D23.B24.D25.A26.B27.C28.D29.C30.A31.B32.C33.A34.B35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位手巧的母亲艾米通过制作和有缺陷儿童一样的洋娃娃来治疗这些病人的故事。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名使用游戏疗法帮助儿童度过癌症治疗期的社工，艾米希望她可以用带有他们非常熟悉的脱发和手术疤痕的玩偶来治疗她的病人。A.social社会的；B.financial经济的；C.cultural文化的；D.sport运动。根据后文“Amyleftwelfarework”可知，艾米曾经是社工。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名使用游戏疗法帮助儿童度过癌症治疗期的社工，艾米希望她可以用带有他们非常熟悉的脱发和手术疤痕的玩偶来治疗她的病人。A.educate教育；B.attend参加；C.protect保护；D.treat治疗。根据后文“herpatientswithdolls”指用娃娃治疗病人。故选D。【23题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：艾米2011年离开福利院组建家庭后，她仍然经常想起孩子们。A.Before在……之前；B.After在……之后；C.Once一旦；D.Until直到。引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之后”应用after。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个想法一直萦绕在她的脑海里。A.shifted转移；B.worked工作；C.stopped停止；D.stuck卡住。根据上文“Thisideahadalways”指脑海里萦绕着这个想法，应用动词stuck。故选D。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后在2020年，一位母亲的女儿因截肢失去了一条腿，她问艾米，她是否能给这个女孩做一个迷你娃娃，艾米对缝纫机很在行。A.handy手巧的；B.satisfied满意的；C.bored厌倦的；D.careful仔细的。根据后文“withasewingmachine,ifshecouldmakeamini-medolforthegirl”请求艾米做娃娃是因为艾米对缝纫机很在行。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾米在脸书上发布了一张没有腿的娃娃的照片后，从白化病到胎记，各种各样的娃娃都纷纷订购。A.took带走；B.posted张贴；C.removed去除；D.downloaded下载。根据后文“aphotooftheleglessdollonFacebook”指在网上发布照片，应用post。故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：艾米在脸书上发布了一张没有腿的娃娃的照片后，从白化病到胎记，各种各样的娃娃都纷纷订购。A.complaints投诉；B.remarks评论；C.orders订单；D.praises赞美。根据后文“pouredinforlikenesswitheverythingfromalbinismtobirthmarks”可知，照片发布后，她收到了很多订单。故选C。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“差异让孩子们感到孤立和被评判，”她说，“有了洋娃娃，孩子们就会看到‘我不是唯一一个长得这样的人，我也足够漂亮，可以成为一个洋娃娃。’”A.Failures失败；B.Changes改变；C.Similarities相似性；D.Differences差异。根据上文“albinismtobirthmarks”可知这些孩子有疾病或者身上有不同之处，即存在差异。故选D。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“差异让孩子们感到孤立和被评判，”她说，“有了洋娃娃，孩子们就会看到‘我不是唯一一个长得这样的人，我也足够漂亮，可以成为一个洋娃娃。’”A.active活跃的；B.bold大胆的；C.beautiful美丽的；D.plain朴素的。根据后文“enoughtobeadoll”指足够漂亮成为一个洋娃娃。故选C。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾米在餐桌上制作了近400个定制娃娃，捐赠者通常会通过艾米的非营利组织“像我一样的娃娃”来支付100美元的费用。A.crafted精巧地制作；B.collected收集；C.purchased购买；D.received收到。根据后文“nearly400customdolls”此处指艾米制作了近400个定制娃娃，故选A。【31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这位三个孩子的母亲坚持在母亲和朋友的帮助下自己制作每个娃娃。A.takesup开始从事；B.insistson坚持；C.thinksabout谈论；D.liveson继续存在。根据后文“makingeachdollherselfwithhelpfromhermotherandafriend”指艾米在母亲和朋友的帮助下坚持制作娃娃。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于2岁的基根来说，由于罕见的皮肤状况，他身上长满了胎记，艾米和娃娃的胎记完全吻合。A.dressed穿衣；B.recognized识别；C.covered覆盖；D.buried埋葬。根据后文“himinbirthmarks”指全身覆盖了胎记，故选C。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于2岁的基根来说，由于罕见的皮肤状况，他身上长满了胎记，艾米和娃娃的胎记完全吻合。A.spots地点，斑点；B.sizes尺寸；C.shapes形状；D.colors颜色。根据上文“himinbirthmarks,Amymatchedthedoll’s”指基根的娃娃和他