选必二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元综合练习（解析版）

第06讲Unit1Scienceandscientists【学习目标】复习Unit1重点单词、短语、句型二．复习Unit1语法（表语从句）写作（重视科技事业的发展）课内知识回馈课内知识回馈一Cholerausedtobeoneofthemost

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(fear)diseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhea,dehydration,and

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death.Intheearly19th

century,

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anoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecame

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(frustrate)becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,he

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(rise)tobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoria

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shegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwo

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(contradiction)theoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.

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wasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribed

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thesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.

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(consequence),whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1845,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassosevere

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morethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdetermined

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(find)outwhy.Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaces

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allthosewhodiedhadlived.Thereweremultiple

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(dead)nearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).

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,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeople

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(work)inthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfrom

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pump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwas

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(blame).Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.It

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(seem)thatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehadit

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(deliver)toherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofhisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwater

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(carry)choleragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepump

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(remove)sothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthis

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(intervene),thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.The

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(true)wasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump

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(infect)bywaste.Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.Somecompanies

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(sell)waterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewho

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(drink)thiswaterweremuchmorelikely

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(get)cholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.【答案】1.feared;2.even;3.when;4.frustrated;5.rose;6.when;7.contradictory;8.Another;9.to;10.Consequently;11.that;12.tofind;13.where;14.deaths;15.However;16.worked;17.the;18.toblame;19.seemed;20.delivered;21.carried;22.removed;23.intervention;24.truth;25.hadbeeninfected;26.sold;27.drank;28.toget二Intheearly19thcentury,1._______aseverecholerahitEurope，JohnSnowbecame2._______(frustrate)becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.3._____heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.Snowsubscribedtothetheorythatcholera4._______(cause)byan5._______(infect)fromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowbeganby6._______(mark)onamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.As7._____result，JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwater8._______(carry)choleragerms.9.______(according)，hehadthehandleofthepump10.______(remove)sothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention，thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.【答案】1.when2frustrated3But4wascaused5infection6marking7a8carried9Accordingly10removed词汇短语过关斩将1.initialadj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initiallyadv.最初地2．subscribevi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)→subscriptionn.订阅；会员费→subscriben.订户；订阅者3．transformvt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变→transformationn.(彻底的)变化，改观，转变4．defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解→defence/defensen.保护；防御→defensiveadj.防御性的5．assistantn.助理；助手→assistancen.帮助→assistv.帮助6．giftedadj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→giftn.天赋；礼物7．astronomern.天文学家→astronomyn.天文学→astronautn.宇航员8．proofn.证据；证明；检验→provev.证明；证实linkv.证明是9.pureadj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purelyadv.仅仅；完全→purifyvt.净化；使纯净→purityn.纯净；纯洁10．severeadj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→severelyadv.极为恶劣地；十分严重地；严厉地11．vividadj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividlyadv.生动地；鲜明地；丰富地12．frustratedadj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustratev.使懊丧；使懊恼；使沮丧→frustrationn.懊丧；懊恼；沮丧13．contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的→eq\a\vs4\al(contradiction)n.(事实、看法、行动等的)不一致，矛盾→contradictv.反驳；驳斥；批驳14．thinkingn.思想；思维；见解→thinkv.考虑；认为→eq\a\vs4\al(thinker)n.思想家15．findingn.发现；调查结果；(法律)判决→findv.找到；发现拓展单词精准变形16.infectionn.感染；传染→infectvt.使感染；传染→eq\a\vs4\al(infectious)adj.传染性的→infectedadj.受感染的17．interventionn.介入；出面；干涉→intervenev.出面；介入；插嘴18．mechanicaladj.机械的；发动机的；机器的→mechanicn.机械师；机械修理工→machinen.机器；设备19.steadyadj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadilyadv.稳定地；平稳地；稳步地→(反)unsteadyadj.不稳定的；不平稳的；不稳步的20．leadershipn.领导；领导地位；领导才能→leadern.领导→leadv.引路；引领；领先→leadingadj.领先的；前列的二．重点短语1．onceandforall最终地；彻底地2．subscribeto同意；赞同3．thanksto幸亏；由于4．breakout(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发5．inchargeof主管；掌管6．comedown患(病)；染上(小病)7．aboveall最重要的是；尤其是基础句法精益求精1．Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。2．Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他发现尤其在两条街道上的霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。3．Accordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。4．BorninHangzhouin1911，QianattendedschoolsinBeijingandthenenteredShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitytostudyRailwayMechanicalEngineering.钱学森1911年出生于杭州，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。5．Hewaswillingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay，andtodreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.他愿意说出别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。基础语法披荆斩棘表语从句[观察例句]1．Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.2．Thequestioniswhowillbethesuccessfulapplicantforthesummerjobatthelawfirm.3．HerconfusioniswhethersheshouldsticktoherownwayoflifeorfollowtheAmericanway.4．WhatJohnSnowwasdeterminedtofindoutwaswhythe1854outbreakofcholerainLondoncouldhavecausedover500deathswithintendays.5．Takingayearofffromschooltotravelabroadiswhatisgenerallycalledagapyear.[归纳用法]1．所有例句中的黑体部分都位于系动词be后，作表语，故都是表语从句，这些表语从句在词性上相当于一个名词。2．例1由从属连词that引导；例2由连接代词who引导；例3由从属连词whether引导；例4由连接副词why引导；例5由连接代词what引导。表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。表语从句就是指一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。一般结构为“主语＋系动词＋表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。1．从属连词that引导的表语从句从属连词that的用法：①无意义②不充当成分③不可省略Thereasonforhisabsenceisthathehasn'tbeeninformed.他缺席的原因是他没接到通知。Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtellhim.我的建议是我们应该告诉他。2．从属连词whether引导的表语从句Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.关键在于我们是否应该借钱给他。[名师点津]if不能引导表语从句。3．连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。ThisiswhatIaminterestedin.这就是我所感兴趣的。That'swhereIfirstmether.那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。4．because，asif/though等引导的表语从句It'sjustbecausehedoesn'tknowher.这仅仅是因为他不认识她。NowitseemsasthoughshehadknownMillieforyears.现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.听起来好像有人在敲门。[即学即练1]用where，when，that填空①Lookatthehighmountain.Thatiswewillget.②Thefirsttimewemeteachotherwaswestudiedinthatschool.③Myadviceiswe(should)worktogether.【答案】1.where2.when3.that5．why和because引导的表语从句的区别That'swhy...意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果That'sbecause...意为“那是因为……”，强调原因Ididn'tphoneher，andthat'swhyshegotangrywithme.(强调“没打电话”这一结果)我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。Ididn'tphoneher，andthat'sbecauseIgotangrywithher.(强调“生气”这一原因)我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气了。[名师点津]reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。6．表语从句中的虚拟语气在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order，idea等，从句谓语形式是“should＋动词原形”(should可以省略)。Myadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。[即学即练2]用why，that，because填空①Itwasraininghard；thatwasIcamelate.②Icamelate；thatwasitwasraininghard.③ThereasonwhyIcamelatewasitwasraininghard.【答案】1.why2.because3.thatⅠ.单句语法填空1．Hegotcaughtintheheavytraffic.Thatwashewaslate.2．Energyismakesthingswork.3．Wedidn'tsetout；itwaswewantedtowaituntilourmothercameback.4．Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonisonecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.5．Ashipinharborissafe，butthat'snotshipsarebuiltfor.6．ThetroubleisIcan'tfindmyway.7．Whathewantstoknowiswecanfinishourworkbytomorrowmorning.8．ThereasonwhyIwassadwashedidn'tunderstandme.9．Thatiswearelookingforwardto.10．Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou，foryoucannevertellcloseyoumaybetovictory.【答案】1.why2.what3.because4.that5.what6.that7.whether8.that9.what10.howⅡ.完成句子1．简再也不是十年前的那个样子了。Janeisnolongertenyearsago.2．我获悉了你对英语校报的改革方案，那就是为什么我写信发表我自己观点的原因。IreadaboutyourreformoftheschoolEnglishnewspaper，andthat's．3．问题是他们是否能帮我们。Thequestionis．4．那是因为他没有理解我。Thatwas．5．事实就是我们队已经赢得了比赛。Thefactis．【答案】1.whatshewas2.whyI'mwritingtovoicemyopinion3.whethertheywillbeabletohelpus4.becausehedidn'tunderstandme5.thatourteamhaswonthegame基础写作扬帆起航每年，国家科学技术奖励大会都会在北京人民大会堂隆重举行，届时党和国家领导人会为获奖的科学家颁奖。请你围绕以下要点谈谈你的个人看法。1．党和政府为什么如此重视科技事业的发展；2．作为一名高中生，你应该如何去做。注意：1.词数80左右；2．短文要求包含所有要点，但不要逐条翻译；3．可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯；4．开头已为你写好，但不计入总词数。Everyyear，theNationalScience­TechnologyAwardCeremonyisheldintheGreatHallofthePeople.[参考范文]Everyyear，theNationalScience­TechnologyAwardCeremonyisheldintheGreatHallofthePeople.Atthattime，thetopleadersofourcountryawardmedalstoscientistswhoachievethosegoals.It'sclearthatthegovernmentattachesgreatimportancetoscienceandtechnology.There'snodoubtthatscienceandtechnologyplayavitalpartinacountry'sdevelopment.Thosewhoreceivetheawardsdeservethembecause，throughyearsofhardwork，theyhavemadeoutstandingcontributionstoourcountry.Chinaneedsmorescientistsandinventorslikethem.Asaseniorschoolstudent，I'lltrymybesttolearnallmysubjectswellsoastoservethesocietyaswellasourcountry.【过关检测】单词拼写。Itisassumedthatthecountrywillface______________(严重的)economicproblemsduetothenaturaldisasters.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinturn_______________(感染)otherstudents.Iamfirmlyconvincedthatthese______________(证据)canprovethatthismaniscloselyconnectedwithcrime.Inreality,Susanadmitsthatshecan’tsortoutallthemessinthe______________(家庭),eventhoughsheknowsitdriveshermothercrazy.Exercisingisessentialtoeverybodybecauseitmakesyoumoreawakeandreadyto_____________(处理)whateverisaheadofyoufortheday.Isthereproofthat_________________(生的)vegetablesandfruitwillcontainthemostnutrientsbecausecookingcanremovesomenutrients?Inmuchoftheanimalsworld,nightisthetimeentirelysetasideforsleep_____________(纯粹)andsimple.Ofthetwo_____________(矛盾的)aspects,onemustbeprincipalandtheothersecondary.Itisunexpectedthatthepolicesearchedthe_____________(犯罪嫌疑人)butfoundnobombsonhim.Heconvincedusthathesuffered__________________(数量多的)injuriesintheaccident.Thankstoyourhelp,itlookslikethey’recomingaroundtoourwayof_____________(思考).Thematerial,madefromshrimpshellsand_____________(蛋白质)producedfromsilk,isinshortage.Ignoringtheessentialdifferencebetweenthetworesearch_____________(发现)willbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.Afteran______________(最初的)struggle,hefoundhissymptomswerestrangelydecreasedbyhisdailytiringjourney.Measles(麻疹),whichoncewaswidespread,wasnearlywipedoutbytheuniversaluseoftheMMR_________________(疫苗).Myfirstthoughtwastofinda_________________(框架)forthestoryinsomeurbanscenes.The________________(细胞)istheunitofwhichalllivingorganismsarecomprisedof.Wouldtheevidencebe________________(可靠的)enoughtoconvinceajury?Inbothimages,whitecloudscasttheir_____________(阴影)ontothelandsurfacebelow.Bythetimethemechanicgotuptoleave,itwas______________(倾泻)outside.Sometimesitmaybehelpfultouseexamplestoexplain_______________(抽象的)concepts.Teamworkisveryessentialastraineescanlearntheimportanceof________________(领导才能)andbeingpartofabiggertask.Ofthe_______________(杰出的)ladieslistedinthestatistics,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?Fromthebasic________________(具体的)ideastothemoreabstractproblems,heisamasterinmakingmathlectureslearner-friendlierandlessscary.Thousandsofpatrioticyoungmencameforward,willingto____________(保卫)theircountry.Itwashis_____________(聪颖的，杰出的)performanceinMyLeftFootthatestablishedhisreputation.MrBrownhasearnedthewidespreadrespectoffarmers,_____________(此外),theyknowtheycantrusthim.It’smy________________(过错)Iforgottogivethemechanicthemessage.Mostnewspapershave______________(改变)theirgroundentirelyonthisissue.Itisassumedthatanytrueliverwho______________(投，抛)apinintothefountainandgazesintoitwillseehisorherfuturepartner.短语填空。subscribeto,be(more/less)likelyto,thanksto,decreaseby,onceandforall,be(not)inchargeof,findfaultwith,aboveall,comedownwith,breakout,indefenceofAfterovercomingthedifficulty,theteamproves____________________thattheyarethebest.Somescientists____________________theviewthattheincreaseintheearth’stemperatureisrootedintheburningoffossilfuels.Thefindingisthatinsomecases,students_____________________beinfluencedbythefriendsaroundthemthantheirteachers.Thedevotedmanwasrecommendedasmanagerofthebigcompany___________________therecommendationletterofhisprofessor.Accordingtothestatistics,thetrafficaccidentsinthiscity_________________30%lastyear.Ithinkmyassistantmaybe__________________acoldshecan’tstopsneezing.Thisdepartment___________________energyandIsuggestthatyourefertorelevantauthorities.Thosetwocelebritiesgotmarriedamonthamonthbeforethewar_____________________.Weconvinceourcustomersthatourgoodscompeteintermsofproductquality,reliabilityand_________________________variety.It’scharacteristicofhertospeakout_________________justice.Ifyoualwaystryto_______________others,itmeansthatyouhavegainedanothershortcoming.单句语法填空。Manybusinessstartedupbycollegestudentshavetakenoffthanks_____domesticcomfortableclimateforbusinesscreation.Theprogrammewhichhewasdevotedtofailed,whichmadehimvery__________(frustrate).Welearntoprotectourselvesfromseverediseases,andalsoweshouldknowwhattodotoprevent_______________(infection)andsaveorprolonglives.It’sdifficultforpeoplewholiveinpovertytosubscribe___________newspaperstogetinformation.Totheterrorofeveryone,theyblewupagovernmentbuilding,whichgeneratedthewholeworld’sblame___________theiractofterrorism.Thereisnodoubtthatyourdiseaseislinked___________yourdietwhichisn’tadequateinnutrition.Thepresidentcameunderseverecriticismforhis_____________(handle)ofthecrisis.Themoderntechnologyhastransformedourcountryfromafarm-basedpovertysociety_______anindustrialpower.Iwasimpressedbytheway_________whichshetackledtheproblem.Wehurriedtotheairportonlytofindthattheplane__________(delay)duetothebadweather.Itisconvincedthatplayingping-pongcanonlybuild_________yourbodybutalsoshapeyourcharacter.Themedicalexpertwithhisassistantisseekingfortheeffectivemeasurestodeal______infections.Ifthestructureofyourspeechislooseandconfused,chancesarethatyour__________(think)isalsodisorderedandconfused.Thankstothemoderntechnology,scientistshavemadegreatadvances________spaceexploration.Research___________(find)haveshownthatabout20percentofpeoplecanbeclassifiedas“nightowls”andonly10percentcanbeclassifiedas“earlybirds”.___________(initial),theprojectwillmainlyfocusonurbanareas,wheremostofthehumandeathshaveoccurred.Whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuch_______theweather,whichmakeshimveryfrustrated.Onceyouaredeterminedtodevoteyourselftosomething,youmustgetdownto________(do)itwell.Wedidn’tfigureoutasolutiontothecrisisuntilmidnight.Thenweawoketobrightsunlight___________(pour)inthroughthewindow.Beforethefightbrokeout,twoofhisfriendscametohis____________(defend).Themusicianfeltfrustratedthathisonlysonwasnotmusically____________(gift).Afterhetookthemedicine,thepain____________(steady)decreasedinintensity.JohnSnow’swaystocontrolcholeraworked______________(brilliant).Afairnumberofpeopleadvocatealarge-scaleshift_________organicfarmingfromconventionalagriculture.Icanstill____________(vivid)remembermygrandfatherteachingmetohandleahorse.表语从句专练。Thisis_________myfatherhastaughtmetoalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.Thetroubleis_________Iamanxioustofindmymicroscope,butitisnowheretobefound.Petershowedmethatwhatmattersis_________youconveyyourownpassionsothatyouexciteotherpeople.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_________theinfectiondiseasecanbebroughtundercontrol.Thereason__________hefeltfrustratedwas_______hedidn’tattainhisgoal.Mysuggestionis_________weshouldtryourbesttomakeourdreambecomeareality.Thekeyis__________Icanfindavegetableoilrichinessentialfattyacids.Thedoctor’sadviceis_________youshouldbuildupyourstrength.Thequestionis___________willcometohelpusovercomethedifficulty.Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?Oh,that’s_____makesmefeelfrustrated.Seethesorghumandwheatinthebags?Thatwas________wedidthismorning.Thisis__________wefoundpositiveproof.ChineseNewYearisacelebrationmarkingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisis_________decoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowerscarriesspecialsignificance.Therawmaterialsare___________youleftthem.WhatIcan’tunderstandis________thenumberofnewstudentsinourschoolhasdecreased.Thequestiondiscussedatthemeetingwas_________itwasworthtrying.Allthiswasovertwentyyearsago,butitis_______itwereonlyyesterday.Thetroubleis__________Ilostthekeytomyroom.IfI’mabitsleepy,it’s_________Iwasupallright.Heisnolonger__________hewas.【答案】一．1.severe2.infect3.proofs4.household5.handle6.raw7.pure8.contradictory9.suspect10.multiple11.thinking12.proteins13.findings14.initial15.vaccine16.framework17.cell18.solid19.shadows20.pouringabstract22.leadership23.outstanding24.concrete25.defend26.brilliant27.Furthermore28.fault29.shifted30.casts二．1.onceandforall2.subscribeto3.aremorelikelyto4.thanksto5.decreasedbycomingdownwith7.isnotinchargeof8.brokeout9.aboveall10.indefenceof11.findfaultwith三．1.to2.frustrated3.infections4.to5.for6.to7.handling8.into9.in10.hadbeendelayed11.up12.with13.thinking14.in15.findings16.Initially17.on/upon18.doing19.pouring20.defence21.gifted22.steadily23.brilliantly24.to25.vividly四．1.what2.that3.how4.whether5.why,that6.that7.where8.that9.who10.what11.what12.where13.why14.where15.why16.whether17.asif18.that19.because20.what【真题演练】(2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷)AGradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作业)duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper. C.Acourseplan. D.Anacademicarticle.22.Howmanypartsisastudent’sfinalgrademadeupof?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.23.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A.Youwillreceiveazero. B.Youwilllosealettergrade.C.Youwillbegivenatest. D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.【答案】21.C22.B23.A本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。21C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章标题“GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature(文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays(60%)部分“Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeofforthiscourse(你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。22B【解析】细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“Essays(60%)”、“GroupAssignments(30%)”和“DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupsWork/Homework(10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B项。23A【解析】推理判断题。根据“LateWork”部分“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.(如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A项。(2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷）DAsweage,evenifwe’rehealthy,theheartjustisn’tasefficientinprocessingoxygenasitusedtobe.Inmostpeoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly60s.Andamongpeoplewhodon’texercise,thechangescanstartevensooner.“Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,”saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That’swhathappenstotheheart.Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven’tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,gettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbutwereotherwisehealthy.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobic(无氧)exercise—balancetrainingandweighttraining—threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.“Wetookthese50-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts,”saysLevine.“Andthereasontheygotsomuchstrongerandfitterwasthattheirheartscouldnowfillalotbetterandpump(泵送)alotmorebloodduringexercise.”Buttheheartsofthosewhoparticipatedinlessintenseexercisedidn’tchange,hesays.“Thesweetspotinlifetostartexercising,ifyouhaven’talready,isinlatemiddleagewhentheheartstillhasflexibility,”Levinesays.“Weputhealthy70-year-oldsthroughayearlongexercisetrainingprogram,andnothinghappenedtothematall.”Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine’sfindingsareagreatstart.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.12.WhatdoesLevinewanttoexplainbymentioningtherubberband?A.Therightwayofexercising. B.Thecausesofaheartattack.C.Thedifficultyofkeepingfit. D.Theagingprocessoftheheart.13.Inwhichaspectwerethetwogroupsdifferentintermsofresearchdesign?A.Dietplan. B.Professionalbackground.C.Exercisetype. D.Previousphysicalcondition.14.WhatdoesLevine’sresearchfind?A.Middle-agedheartsgetyoungerwithaerobicexercise.B.High-intensityexerciseismoresuitablefortheyoung.C.Itisnevertoolateforpeopletostarttakingexercise.D.Themoreexercisewedo,thestrongerourheartsget.15.WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?A.Makinguseofthefindings. B.Interviewingthestudyparticipants.C.Conductingfurtherresearch. D.Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.C本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处。12D【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段““Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,”saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That’swhathappenstotheheart.(“想想橡皮筋。一开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏专家本·莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。)”可知，莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选D。13C【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobicexercise—balancetrainingandweighttraining—threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.(第一组每周参加三次非有氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。)”可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同，故选C。14A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.(第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏