高考英语长难句解析省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖课件

解析高考英语阅读中长难句1/34

在阅读中，我们经常会碰到一些长而难句子。长难句通常含有较多、较长修饰成份、并列成份或从句。长难句丰富内容和复杂结构往往会造成了解困难。了解长难句关键是了解长难句类型，理清句子成份，抓住句子中关键部分。2/341、带有较多成份简单句。Havingchosenfamilytelevisionprogramsandwomen’smagazines，thetoothpastemarketer，forinstance，mustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomen’smagazinestobeused.

一、长难句分类3/342、含有多个简单句并列句。Inthe1970s,hewasasurgeonatYale，andhadawonderfulwifeandfivebeautifulchildren，buthewasterriblyunhappy.4/34Ican’tliveinfearofthepossibilitythatastheearth’spopulationgrowsandweusemoreandmoreofournonrenewable(不能再生)resources，ourchildrenmayhavetoleadpoorerlives.3、含有多个从句复合句。5/344、含有多个插入成份句子。Hisjourneytothee-mailhellbeganinnocently（无知地）enoughwhen,aschairmanofComputerAssociatesInternational，asoftwarecompany，hefirstheardhowquicklyhisemployeeshadacceptedtheirnewelectronic-mailsystem.6/345、并列复合句。Ihaveknownchangesforthebetterandchangesfortheworse，butIhaveneverquestionedthefactthatwhetherIlikeditornot，changewasunavoidable.7/34Before1066,inthelandwenowcallGreatBritainlivedpeoplesbelongingtotwomajorlanguagegroups.6、倒装句。8/34

1、复合从句

句子较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣。不论句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分组成，即主干和修饰成份。主干是整个句子骨架，主要指主谓宾结构或主系表结构。而修饰成份在句中只起修饰或补充主干作用，它既能够是单词，也能够是短语，更常见则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。我们应经过仔细分析，将每个修饰成份划出来，找出句子主干，这么整个句子结构就清楚了。

二、长难句归纳9/342、分隔结构

为了调整语气和增加补充信息，更主要是为了平衡句子结构，防止头重脚轻，使语义严密，结构紧凑，可将语法关系亲密两个句子成份用其它语法成份分隔开来，这就是所谓分隔结构。考试中出现较多是插入语、用破折号插入新话题或补充信息。另外，还有一些句子成份（普通是定语）过长而出现后置，也能够看作是插入现象。只不过它只是句子原有成份位置调整，没有新增信息。

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3、成份省略

在英语句子中，节约用词是一条主要修辞标准。省略主要是为了防止重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。成份省略普通和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子富于改变，增强表现力。

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4、改变语序

改变语序主要指倒装句式。这种打破相对固定常规语序做法，或是为了强调句子意义表示重心，或是强调一个表示语气，如虚拟语气、否定语气等。这些句子往往和一些副词、连词相关，有显著标志。12/34

(1)

结构分析法

所谓结构分析法，就是经过语法分析，快速搞清句子结构，把握住句子基本框架。首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子关键成份，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子从属成份。

三、分析长难句方法策略13/34句子判断简单句并列句复合句主干并列连词隶属连词14/34

However,whospecializeinageingthehumanbodyisjustnotdesignedtolastpastabout120years.

方法一：较复杂单句处理方法——找主、谓语，即找主干成份

manyscientistsaredoubtfulaboutitandsay15/34方法二：并列句处理方法——找并列连词MissGermaine’smotherlookedanxiousthroughtheweddingMr.Cordell’sparentsarereportedtobelessthandelighted.

and16/34方法三：主从复合句处理方法——找隶属连词awoman’sclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage，itwasn’tunusualtohearamansayhedidn’tknowhisfriend’smarriagewasinserioustroubleheappearedonenightaskinghecouldsleeponthesofa.Whereasthatthatuntilif17/34方法四：并列和主从复合句并存处理方法——先读懂并列句，再看主从复合句youaskpeopletonameonepersonhadthegreatesteffectontheEnglishlanguage,youwillgetanswerslike“Shakespeare”,“SamuelJohnson”,and“Webster”,noneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamandidn’tevenspeakEnglish—William,theConqueror.butIfwhowho18/34

(2)意群阅读法

意群阅读法即把意义和语法结构上相关联几个词连接成较完整信息。此方法不但有利于提升阅读速度，而且有利于对句子整体了解。

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分析：①是状语从句，②是主句，③是with引导介词短语作状语，修饰谓语。这么，把整个句子划为3个意群，能够大大提升阅读速度。

Whentwocarstravellingat30mhhiteachother，anunbelteddriverwouldmeetthewindshieldwithaforceequaltodivingheadfirstintothegroundfromaheightof10meters.20/341.句子信息量大，结构复杂，附加成分多（几个从句同时出现）2.分隔现象普遍（主谓分隔、同位语分隔、定语分隔等）3.省略现象

四、长难句几个特点

这些都增加了阅读难度。所以在回归语篇复习时，要利用所学知识去突破英语阅读中长难句。21/34五、分析长难句注意事项1、是否有同位语和插入语。2、是否有省略、倒装和分隔等现象。3、替换词所指对象。4、判断并列成份层次。5、句首并列连词and、or、but、for通常起承上启下作用，不要将他们归入后文句法分析。6、在从句多句子中，从句中又包含从句现象。7、非限定动词短语在句中作次要成份（定语和状语）时又带着自己较长隶属成份，尤其是状语从句或宾语从句时结构分析。8、在有多个从句复合句和并列句中，状语（单个词、短语或从句）终究是全句修饰语还是某个从句或词语修饰语。22/34六、长难句分析实例经典高考真题（NMET.A篇）实例分析，分析下面这篇文章共有194个单词，却只有9个句子，平均每个句子大约有22个单词，是近几年高考英语阅读了解中一篇比较经典集中含有长难句文章。23/34TristandaCunha,a38-square-mileisland,isthefarthestinhabitedislandintheworld,accordingtotheGuinnessBookofRecords.Itis1,510milessouthwestofitsnearestneighborSt.Helena,and1,950mileswestofAfrica.DiscoveredbythePortugueseadmiral(葡萄牙海军上将)ofthesamenamein1506,andsettledin1810,theislandbelongstoGreatBritainandhasapopulationofafewhundred.Cominginaclosesecond——andoftenwronglymentionedasthemostdistantisland——isEasterIsland,whichlies1,260mileseastofitsnearestneighbor,PitcairnIsland,and2,300mileswestofSouthAmerica.Themountainous64-square-mileislandwassettledaroundthe5thcentury,supposedlybypeoplewhowerelostatsea.Theyhadnoconnectionwiththeoutsideworldformorethanathousandyears,givingthemplentyoftimetobuildmorethan1,000hugestonefigures,calledmoai,forwhichtheislandismostfamous.OnEasterSunday,1722,however,settlersfromHollandmovedinandgavetheislanditsname.Today,2,000peopleliveontheChileanterritory(智利领土).Theyshareonestreet,asmallairportandafewhoursoftelevisionperday.24/341.What’sthenameofthePortugueseadmiral?2.What’stheEasterIslandwell-knownfor?EasterB.St.HelenaC.TristandaCunhaD.PitcairnthemostdistantislandB.MoaiC.onestreetD.EasterSunday25/34a38-square-mileisland,isthefarthestinhabitedislandintheworld,accordingtotheGuinnessBookofRecords.Itis1,510milessouthwestofitsnearestneighborSt.Helena,and1,950mileswestofAfrica.

andsettledin1810,theislandbelongstoGreatBritainandhasapopulationofafewhundred.Cominginaclosesecond——andoftenwronglymentionedasthemostdistantisland——isEasterIsland,whichlies1,260mileseastofitsnearestneighbor,PitcairnIsland,and2,300mileswestofSouthAmerica.Themountainous64-square-mileislandwassettledaroundthe5thcentury,supposedlybypeoplewhowerelostatsea.Theyhadnoconnectionwiththeoutsideworldformorethanathousandyears,givingthemplentyoftimeOnEasterSunday,1722,however,settlersfromHollandmovedinandgavetheislanditsname.Today,2,000peopleliveontheChileanterritory(智利领土).Theyshareonestreet,asmallairportandafewhoursoftelevisionperday.DiscoveredbythePortugueseadmiral(葡萄牙海军上将)ofthesamenamein1506,

TristandaCunha,tobuildmorethan1,000hugestonefigures,calledMoai,forwhichtheislandismostfamous.26/34

TristandaCunha,isthefarthestinhabitedislandintheworld,a38-square-mileisland,accordingtotheGuinnessBookofRecords.27/34Itis1,510milessouthwestofitsnearestneighborSt.Helena,1,950mileswestofAfrica.and28/34DiscoveredbythePortugueseadmiral(葡萄牙海军上将)ofthesamenamein1506,andsettledin1810,GreatBritainapopulationofafewhundred.theislandbelongstoandhas29/34——andoftenwronglymentionedasthemostdistantisland——