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Unit1

TextA

EnglishandAmericanConceptsofSpace

EdwardT.Hall1ANewEnglishCourse新编英语教程71/792ContentsLead-indiscussionBackgroundknowledgeRhetoricTextanalysisHomeworkVocabularyStructureDiscussion2/79Lead-indiscussionCulturaldifferencesLookatthefollowingpicturesanddiscussabouttheculturaldifferencesinthem.3/794在餐厅

4/795意见

5/796生活方式

6/797旅游

7/798人际关系

8/799对待愤恨

9/7910周日街景

10/7911排队

11/7912自我

12/7913胃疼时饮品

13/7914聚会

14/7915按时

15/7916交通工具

16/7917漂亮标准

17/7918处理问题

18/7919三餐

19/7920老人日常生活

20/7921领导

21/7922沐浴时间

22/7923孩子

23/7924对待新事物

24/7925时尚

25/7926想象中对方

26/7927心情与天气

27/792828/7929VisiblebehaviourLikeaniceberg,9/10ofcultureisbelowthesurface.TipoftheicebergFood,dress,music,dance,crafts,celebrations,languageAttitudesUnspokenrulesValuesUnconsciousrulesConceptofspace,conceptoftime,facialexpressions,bodylanguageTraditions,experiences…29/79PPTInterculturalcommunicationVideoInterculturalcommunication

30/79Howdowelookatdifferentcultures?3131/7932WorldmappublishedinChina32/7933WorldmappublishedinEurope33/7934WorldmappublishedinNorthAmerica34/7935WorldmappublishedinAustralia35/7936MeltingpotSaladbowlMosaic36/7937ImprovelanguageLearnwesternculturesBecomeabetterinterculturalcommunicator

语言+文化+跨文化交际能力对文化差异敏感性、宽容性、处理差异灵活性文化间交流与合作能力、协调能力、适应工作能力、独立提出提议和讨论问题能力、组织能力、知人处事能力、灵活应变能力Interculturalcommunication37/79BackgroundknowledgeBackgroundknowledge38/79VocabularyVocabulary39/7940StructureI.P1differentconcepts:basicreasons

Am.–spaceasawayofclassifyingpeople;address,a cuetoone’sstatusBr.–thesocialsystem;positioninthesocialsystemII.P2-3differentconceptsofspace

P2Americanconceptofspace–hisownspaceP3Englishconceptofspace–spacesharedwithothersIII.P4-5culturalclashandthereason

P4culturalclash(implications):anexampleP5reasonoftheclash:differentwaysofseeking seclusionAm.–dependonarchitecturalfeaturesforscreeningBr.–internalizeasetofbarriers40/7941TextanalysisGeneralunderstandingQs

Thesisstatement?Purposeofwriting?Howisthethesisstatementdeveloped?contrasts41/7942WordsorphrasesusedtoindicatecontrastsP1…intheUnitedStates…,whereasinEngland…TheEnglishman,however,…P3Themiddle-andupper-classEnglishman,ontheotherhand,…P5TheEnglish,ontheotherhand,…42/7943P1developmentofP1TheEnglishandtheAmericansaredifferent:language,cultureThesis:differentconceptsofspacebetweenE.andA.Oneofthebasicreasons:space–awayofclassdistinctionsElaboration:examplesExtension:differencesinhowspaceisallottedP2,31,2345,6,7,8,9

10,111243/7944P1InwhatsensedoesHallusetheword “separate”inthefirstsentence?

madeculturallydifferentWhat,accordingtothewriter,hasreally separatedtheEnglishandtheAmericans?44/7945P1Analyzethefollowingsentence:ThedifferencesforwhichlanguagegetsblamedmaynotbeduesomuchtowordsastocommunicationsonotherlevelsbeginningwithEnglishintonation(whichsoundsaffectedtomanyAmericans)andcontinuingtoego-linkedwaysofhandlingtime,spaceandmaterials.Thedifferences

forwhichlanguagegetsblamed

maynotbeduesomuchtowordsastocommunicationsonotherlevels

beginningwithEnglishintonation(whichsoundsaffectedtomanyAmericans)andcontinuingtoego-linkedwaysofhandlingtime,spaceandmaterials.45/7946Communicationverbal--nonverbal--wordlanguageintonationbodylanguagevisualaids:graphs,photos…conceptsoftime,space,materials46/7947P1

DifferencesbetweentheEnglishandtheAmericansLanguage:pronunciation wordssentencepatternsdiscourseCulture:theEnglish-conservativetheAmericans-frontier/pioneeringspirit,pluralism,meltingpot47/7948P1Publicschool:(AmE)anelementaryorsecondaryschoolintheUnitedStatessupportedbypublicfundsandprovidingfreeeducationforchildrenofacommunityordistrict.(BrE)aprivatesecondaryboardingschoolwithapreuniversitycurriculuminGreatBritainforpupilsbetweentheagesof13and18.Theybegantakingpupilswhoseparentscouldaffordresidentialfees.Apublicschoolgenerallypreparesstudentsacademicallyforhighereducation.Therefore,studentswhogotopublicschoolsaresupposedtobebettereducatedthanthosewhogotocomprehensiveschools.e.g.EtonCollege(1440,HenryVI)andHarrowSchool(1571)ofU.K.Usu.onlyfornoblepeople(aristocrat)androyalfamily.48/7949P1Middle-classAmericansareaheterogeneoussocioeconomicgroupingcomposedprincipallyofbusinessandprofessionalpeoplesuchasmanagers,doctors,lawyers,teachers,governmentofficials,somefarmersandskilledworkers.Theyarecharacterizedbyacomfortablematerialstandardofliving,andrespectforproperty.SinceWorldWarII,themiddleclasshasbeenthelargestsocialclassintheUnitedStates.IntheU.S.A.,mostpeopleidentifythemselvesas“middle-class”.49/7950P1BritishschoolsCompulsoryeducation:4to14yearsoldKindergarten:4to6yearsoldJuniorschool/primaryschool:5to11yearsold--11plusSecondaryschool:

Grammarschool:forchildrenwhopassthe11plus

Publicschool

Comprehensiveschool:childrenofallabilityandsocial backgroundaretaughttogether

Technicalschool(secondarymodern,before1960s):for childrenwhoarethoughtnotsointelligentandlearn practicalsubjectsCollege:studentshavetogetatleast2or3O-levelsand2A-leveltogetinto…University

50/7951P1Britain:class-consciouscountryroyalfamilyaristocracy/nobility(hereditarytitles:duke,marquis,earl,viscount,baron)-knighthooduppermiddleclassmiddleclassworkingclass51/7952/7953P1in:adj.fashionable,stylish,chic,poshbeworlds/aworld/polesapartfrom:becompletelydifferentfrom截然相反，天壤之别e.g.Theirpoliticalviewsareworldsapart.Thishalfofthecountryisworldsapartfromthewesternruralprovinces.tone:thegeneralquality,effect,oratmosphere情调,格调e.g.aroomwithaneleganttone含有优雅情调房间

Thathorriblebuildinglowersthewholetoneoftheneighborhood.Herroomhasaconservativetone.thetoneofaschool

53/79BrooklynPalmBeach54/79MiamiCapeCod55/7956P1allot:giveasasharee.g.allotoneroomtoeverynewteacherallottwentyminutestostudents’presentation56/7957P2,3P2Americanconcept:astrongsenseofone’s ownspaceP3Englishconcept:astrongsenseofshared space57/7958P2

topicsentence?HowisP2developed?

3examples:sharedroominafamilycloseddoors58/7959P2shutoneselfoff:bealoneandnotdisturbed,avoidseeingorhavingcontactwithpeople59/7960P3condition…to:accustom…toe.g.conditionyourselftouniversitylifeconditionyourselfnottodependonyourparentsbeconditionedtoe.g.Shefeltdifficulttobeconditionedtotheabsenceofherboyfriend.Somepeopleareconditionedtobeacceptingratherthanquestioning.60/7961P3beentitledto(do)sth.:havetherighttoe.g.Allemployeesareentitledtoanannualpaidleaveof15days.Everychildinthiscountryisentitledtofreeeducation.Hebelievesthathisdaughterisentitledtomarryanyoneshechooses.61/7962P3Br.parliamenttheHouseofLords(theUpperHouse)theHouseofCommons(theLowerHouse)MemberofParliament(MP)Am.congresstheSenatesenatortheHouseofRepresentativescongressman62/7963P3Inregardtotheneedforwallsasascreenfortheego,thisplacestheAmericanssomewherebetweentheGermansandtheEnglish.

Whohasthestrongestsenseofspace?63/7964P4WhatwouldhappenifanEnglishmanandanAmericanliveinthesameroom?Whoismorelikelytogetfrustratedfirst?64/7965P4remarkableimplicationstypifyexperiencestraininhisrelationshipwithAmericanspickupthesubtleclues65/7966P5reasonoftheclash:differentwaysofseeking seclusionAm.–dependonarchitecturalfeaturesfor screeningBr.–internalizeasetofbarriers66/7967P5ultimate:worst,best,biggest…e.g.“TheRollingStone’istheultimaterockandrollband.Theultimatetesttohimisdeath.asuresign:asignthatsth.iscertainlygoingtohappene.g.Thoseblackcloudsareasuresignofrain.Learningtoappreciatewhateverlittlesurpriseslifepreparesforusisa

sure

signofmaturity.67/7968P5refuge:aplacethatprovideshelterusespaceasarefugefromothers:usespacetostayawayfromothers/toescapeineffect:infactbeineffect:(lawetc.)beusede.g.Ineffect,weareearninglessthanl