高考英语一轮复习课时作业三十二选修7Unit2Robots课件新人教版

三十二选修7

Unit2

Robots(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·威海模拟)ClaudeMonet,PabloPicassoandLeonardodaVinci...theartworldhasneverlackedtalent.Andnow,anewpainterisreadytojointhelist,althoughthisoneisn’tevenhuman.Nextmonth,auctionhouse(拍卖行)Christie’sPrintsandMultipleswillmakehistorybyofferingthefirstpieceofartcreatedbyartificialintelligenceforsale.ThepaintingisaportraitofamancalledEdmondDeBelamy,andisexpectedtobesoldforupto$10,000(69,000yuan).

Thework,whichfeaturesamanwithamysteriouslookonhisface,wascreatedbysoftwaredevelopedbytheFrenchartgroupObvious.NicholasLaugero

Lasserre,anartcollectorfromFrance,calledthework“ridiculousandamazingatthesametime”.Thisisn’tthefirstexampleofAI-producedartwork,asAIhasalreadybeenusedtowritepoemsandcomposesongs.However,manypeopledoubtwhetheritshouldbecalledartatall.

AccordingtoRussianwriterLeoTolstoy,artisaboutcreatingemotion.It’s“ameansof...joiningpeopletogetherinthesamefeelings”,heoncesaid.

So,iftheemotionbehindartiswhatmakestheart,theabilitytocreateandusetoolsiswhatmakeshumanbeingsdifferentfromotherspecies.Andasatoolitself,theAItechnologyusedtocreatetheportraitistheresultofalotofeffortmadebyseveraldesigners.Together,they“fed”theAIahugecollectionofpaintingsfromthe14thtothe18thcenturies,untilitwasabletoworkouthowtomakesimilarpaintingsofitsown.

TheintroductionofAIartcouldbethebeginningofanewartisticmovement.However,noteveryoneisreadytowelcomethesehigh-techartistsjustyet.【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了下个月佳士得拍卖行将首次拍卖由人工智能创造的艺术品,这幅名为爱德蒙·德·贝拉米的男子肖像画将创造新历史。人工智能艺术的引入可能是一场新的艺术运动的开始,但是未来发展情况如何,谁都不清楚。1.WhyareMonet,PicassoanddaVincimentionedatthebeginningofthepassage?A.Tolistworldfamoustalentedartists.B.Tointroduceanewpainterasgreatasthem.C.Toshowtheprosperityoftheartworld.D.Tohighlighttheinhumanpainterbycontrast.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段ClaudeMonet,PabloPicassoandLeonardodaVinci...theartworldhasneverlackedtalent.Andnow,anewpainterisreadytojointhelist,althoughthisoneisn’tevenhuman.克劳德·莫奈、巴勃罗·毕加索和列奥纳多·达·芬奇……艺术界从来不缺天才。现在,一位新画家也准备加入这个行列,尽管这甚至都不是人类。可知,文章第一段中列举Monet,Picasso和daVinci这些著名的画家是为了烘托,突出介绍非人类的画家。故选D项。2.WhydoesthepaintingmentionedinParagraph2gainspecialconcern?A.It’sthefirstAI-producedartworkforsale.B.It’llbeauctionedinafamousauctionhouse.C.It’stheportraitofamanwithmysteriouslook.D.Itsauctionpriceisexpectedtobethehighest.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中Nextmonth,auctionhouseChristie’sPrintsandMultipleswillmakehistorybyofferingthefirstpieceofartcreatedbyartificialintelligenceforsale.下个月,佳士得拍卖行的印刷品和复制品将首次拍卖由人工智能创造的艺术品,从而将创造历史。可知,这幅画获得这么多关注是因为这是第一次出售由人工智能创造的艺术品。故选A项。3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayLeoTolstoyagreewith?A.AItechnologyisatoolforartisticcreation.B.AIistaughttoexpresshumanemotionsinart.C.AIcopiedpaintingsofthe14th—18thcenturies.D.AIartjoinspeopletogetherinthesamefeelings.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段AccordingtoRussianwriterLeoTolstoy,artisaboutcreatingemotion.It’s“ameansof...joiningpeopletogetherinthesamefeelings”,heoncesaid.俄国作家列夫·托尔斯泰认为,艺术就是创造情感。他曾经说过,这是“一种方式……让人们怀着同样的感受走到一起”。以及第五段中So,iftheemotionbehindartiswhatmakestheart,theabilitytocreateandusetoolsiswhatmakeshumanbeingsdifferentfromotherspecies.Andasatoolitself,theAItechnologyusedtocreatetheportraitistheresultofalotofeffortmadebyseveraldesigners.所以,如果说艺术背后的情感是艺术的本质,那么创造和使用工具的能力就是人类区别于其他物种的地方。作为一种工具,人工智能技术用于创建肖像是许多设计师努力的结果。可知,LeoTolstoy可能赞成人工智能技术是艺术创作的工具。故选A项。4.Whatmightbethefutureofthenewartisticmovement?A.Popular.

B.Unclear.C.Predictable. D.Unacceptable.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段TheintroductionofAIartcouldbethebeginningofanewartisticmovement.However,noteveryoneisreadytowelcomethesehigh-techartistsjustyet.人工智能艺术的引入可能是一场新的艺术运动的开始。然而,并不是每个人都准备好欢迎这些高科技艺术家。可知,新艺术运动的未来到底怎样是还不清楚的。故选B项

【知识拓展】难句解读

So,iftheemotionbehindartiswhatmakestheart,theabilitytocreateandusetoolsiswhatmakeshumanbeingsdifferentfromotherspecies.Andasatoolitself,theAItechnologyusedtocreatetheportraitistheresultofalotofeffortmadebyseveraldesigners.分析:第一句中的两个what都是引导表语从句,第二句中的usedtocreatetheportrait作AItechnology的后置定语,madebyseveraldesigners作effort的后置定语。翻译:所以,如果说艺术背后的情感是艺术的本质,那么创造和使用工具的能力就是人类区别于其他物种的地方。作为一种工具,用于创造肖像的人工智能技术是许多设计师努力的结果。B

Ageingandrobotsaremorecloselyrelatedthanyoumightthink.Youngcountrieswithmanychildrenhavefewrobots.Ageingnationshavelots.ThecountrieswiththelargestnumberofrobotsperindustrialworkerincludeSouthKorea,Singapore,GermanyandJapan,whichhavesomeoftheoldestworkforcesintheworld.

Theconnectiondoesnotmerelyreflectthefactthatyoungcountriestendtobepoorandcannotaffordfancymachines,whichtheydonotneedanyway.Itholdsgoodwithinrichcountries,too.ThosewithrelativelyfewrobotscomparedwiththesizeoftheirworkforceincludeBritainandFrance,bothofwhich(byrich-countrystandards)areageingslowly.

Tworecentstudiesquantifytheconnection.Daron

AcemogluofMITandPascual

RestrepoofBostonUniversityshowthat,between1993and2014,thecountriesthatinvestedthemostinroboticswerethosethatwereageingthefastestmeasuredasariseintherateofpeopleover56comparedwiththoseaged26—55.Theauthorspositaruleofthumbaten-pointriseintheirageingrateisassociatedwith0.9extrarobotsperthousandworkers.

AstudyfromGermanyuseddifferentmeasuresbutreachedthesameconclusion.Theyfoundthatthegrowthinthenumberofrobotsperthousandworkersrisestwiceasfastasthefallinthegrowthrateofthepopulation(e.g.ifpopulationgrowthfallsby1%,thegrowthinrobotdensityrisesby2%).Populationgrowthiscloselyrelatedtoagestructure.

Thesefindingsshouldnotbesurprising.Robotstypicallysubstituteforlabour.Thatiswhymanypeoplefearthattheywilldestroyjobs.Countrieswithplentyofyoungworkersdonotneedlaboursubstitutes.Wagestherealsotendtobelow,makingautomationunprofitable.Butageingcreatesdemandforautomationintwoways.First,topreventoutputfallingasmorepeopleretire,machinesarenecessarytosubstituteforthosewhohavelefttheworkforceortoenableageingworkerstocontinuetodophysicallabour.Second,oncepeoplehaveretiredtheycreatemarketsfornewkindsofautomation,includingrobotsthathelpwiththemedicalandotherrequirementsofcaringforpeoplewhocannolongerlookafterthemselves.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。老龄化和机器人都是老生常谈的话题了,但很少有人研究两者的关系,最近有学者就两者间的关系做了研究。过去,人们常常认为机器人的发展会导致就业岗位的减少,从而导致大量工人下岗失业。但最新的研究发现表明,国家的老龄化速率每提高10个百分点,每千名工人对应的机器人数量就增加0.9个,老龄化以两种方式创造了对自动化的需求。5.AccordingtoParagraph1,_________.

A.ageingiscloselyrelatedtorobotsB.ageingcountrieshavefewrobotsC.robotsareneededinyoungcountriesD.youngandrichcountrieswantmorerobots【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第一段“Ageingandrobotsaremorecloselyrelatedthanyoumightthink.”可知,老龄化和机器人之间的关系比你们认为的更密切。所以通过关键词“morecloselyrelatedthan”推断出,老龄化与机器人密切相关。故A选项正确。6.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlined“posit”inParagraph3?A.Want.

B.Remove.C.Assume. D.Obey.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。由第三段“Theauthorspositaruleofthumbaten-pointriseintheirageingrateisassociatedwith0.9extrarobotsperthousandworkers.”可知,他们认为有这样一项经验法则:一个国家的老龄化速率每增加10个百分点,每千名工人对应的机器人数量就会增加0.9个。所以通过上下文语境可以判断出,assume“假设,认为”最能解释第三段中加下划线的“posit”的意思。故C选项正确。7.Howmuchwilltherobotpopulationgrowifthehumanpopulationgrowthdecreasesby3%?A.1%.

B.2%.

C.3%.

D.6%.【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第四段“Theyfoundthatthegrowthinthenumberofrobotsperthousandworkersrisestwiceasfastasthefallinthegrowthrateofthepopulation(e.g.ifpopulationgrowthfallsby1%,thegrowthinrobotdensityrisesby2%).”可知,他们发现,每千名工人对应机器人数量的增速是人口增速下降的两倍(即人口增长率每下降1%,机器人密度增长2%)。所以按照此比例进行计算。如果人口的增速减少3%,机器人数量的增速就会增加6%。故D选项正确。8.Whydoesageingcreatedemandforrobots?A.Becauseretiredpeoplehavelowerwages.B.Becauserobotsaresubstitutesforretiredworkers.C.Becauserobotsareunprofitableinyoungcountries.D.Becausetheretiredneedthesamerobotstheyusedbefore.【解析】选B。细节理解题。由最后一段“First,topreventoutputfallingasmorepeopleretire,machinesarenecessarytosubstituteforthosewhohavelefttheworkforce”可知,首先,随着越来越多的人退休,为了防止产量下降,必须用机器替代减少了的劳动力或辅助老龄工人继续从事体力劳动。所以老龄化会产生对机器人的需求是因为机器人是退休工人的替代品。故B选项正确。【知识拓展】词汇积累1.comparedwith 与……相比2.invest 投资3.beassociatedwith/berelatedto 与……有关系4.substitutefor 替代……5.assume 假定;假设;认为Ⅱ.完形填空

Itwas1972,andIwasinsecondgrade.Intheclassroomtheteacher,MsBoyette,was

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aloudtousfromIsland

of

the

Blue

Dolphins.Andwehadjustcometoapartofthebookwherethemain

2

wastrainingawilddog.Iwaslistening,caughtupinthe

3

ofall.

Notfarawayfromme,thereseatedaboywhoalwaysfrightenedor

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others,soIwas

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ofthisboy.WhileMsBoyettewasreading,Ilookedoverathim,forhewassomeoneIwasinthe

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ofkeepinganeyeon.I

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thathewaslisteningtoo,thathewasengagedbythe

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,thathewasleaningforwardinhisseatandlisteningwithallhisheart.I

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athim,open-mouthed.Iwas

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withasuddenknowledgethatthisboywasinfactjust

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me.Hewasakidwholikedastory.Theboymust

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myeyesonhim,becauseheturned.Thensomething

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happened.Hesmiledatme.

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,Ismiledback,unafraid.Weweretwo

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smilingateachother.

WhyhaveIneverforgottenthis

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moment?WhydoIstill

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everydetailofit?Ithinkit’sbecausethatmomentillustratessobeautifullythe

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ofreadingoutloud.

Itshowsusintoasaferoom,whereeveryoneinvolved,thereaderandthelistener,canhavethatchanceto

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eachother.Wehumanslongnotjustforthestory,notjustfortheflowoflanguage,butforthe

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thatcomeswhenwordsarereadaloud.

【文章大意】本文属于记叙文,讲述作者在听老师朗读的时候,发现自己害怕的男孩也聚精会神地听着,同时男孩向作者微笑了,作者也以微笑回报,两人关系发生了改变,作者把这种改变归功于朗读。1.A.shouting B.singingC.talking D.reading【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:在教室里,MsBoyette

正在向我们朗读取自Island

of

the

Blue

Dolphins的文章。shouting大声叫喊;singing唱;talking谈论;reading读。根据后文可知,本文讲述朗读的影响,故选D。2.A.author B.characterC.reader D.listener【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们刚好听到这一部分,主人公正在驯化一只野狗。author作者;character人物;reader读者;listener听众。根据文章可知,本句讲述当时作者听到的小说部分,指小说中的角色。故选B。3.A.wonder B.silenceC.warmth D.comfort【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:我听着,沉浸于这些神奇的东西中。wonder奇迹;silence沉默;warmth温暖;comfort舒适。根据前文trainingawilddog可知,作者被小说的情节完全吸引住了,故选A。4.A.greeted B.touched C.hurt D.refused【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:离我不远的地方,坐着一个男孩,他总是吓或者伤害他人。greeted打招呼;touched触摸;hurt伤害;refused拒绝。根据本句frightened可知,该男孩做的事情让人讨厌,故选C。5.A.aware B.terrified C.bored D.guilty【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:因此,我害怕这个男孩。aware知道;terrified害怕的;bored厌倦的;guilty愧疚的。根据前文frightened可知,作者害怕这个男孩,故选B。6.A.habit B.form C.effort D.hope【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:当MsBoyette

朗读的时候,我看了看这个男孩,因为他是那种我已经养成了习惯时刻盯着他的学生。habit习惯;form形式;effort努力;hope希望。根据前文可知,作者害怕那个男孩,养成了时刻提防的习惯,故选A。7.A.predicted B.imaginedC.promised D.noticed【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:我注意到,他也在听着,他完全被故事情节给吸引住了。predicted预测;imagined想象;promised承诺;noticed注意到。根据上文可知,作者盯着男孩看才注意到男孩听故事的状态,故选D。8.A.speech B.story C.journey D.diary【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:我注意到,他也在听着,他完全被故事情节给吸引住了。speech演讲;story故事;journey旅程;diary日记。根据上文可知,老师正在给孩子们朗读故事,故选B。9.A.pointed B.nodded C.stared D.waved【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:我盯着他看,嘴巴张开着。pointed指向;nodded点头;stared盯着看;waved挥手。根据后文可知,作者一直看着男孩,但是男孩没有注意到,故选C。10.A.struck B.mixedC.cheated D.confused【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:我突然意识到这个男孩跟我一样。struck打动;mixed混合;cheated欺骗;confused使疑惑。根据文章可知,作者突然意识到男孩跟作者一样被故事所打动了,故选A。11.A.behind B.beyond C.around D.like【解析】选D。考查介词词义辨析。句意:我突然意识到这个男孩跟我一样。behind在……后面;beyond超越;around在……周围;like像。根据文章可知,作者突然意识到男孩跟作者一样被故事吸引住了,故选D。12.A.ignore B.feel C.meet D.observe【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:这个男孩一定感觉到了我在看着他,因为他转身了。ignore忽视;feel感觉;meet见面;observe观察。根据文章可知,男孩转身,作者认为其行为被发现了,故选B。

13.A.useful B.naturalC.serious D.amazing【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:之后,惊讶的事情发生了。useful有用的;natural自然的;serious严肃的;amazing让人惊讶的。根据后文Hesmiledatme.可知,男孩朝作者微笑了,作者觉得很不可思议,故选D。14.A.Then B.Again C.Instead D.Besides【解析】选A。考查副词词义辨析。句意:之后,我也微笑了,不再害怕。Then之后;Again再次;Instead代替;Besides另外。根据前文可知,男孩向作者微笑,作者之后也以微笑回报,前后为先后关系,故选A。15.A.strangers B.kidsC.teachers D.enemies【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们是两个相互微笑的孩子。strangers陌生人;kids孩子;teachers教师;enemies敌人。根据前文可知,作者回忆的是孩子时代的事情,故属于孩子,故选B。16.A.funny B.busyC.lucky D.small【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:为什么我没有忘记这个很微小的时刻?funny有趣的;busy繁忙的;lucky幸运的;small小的。根据文章可知,这件事情很小,但是作者没有忘记,故选D。17.A.seek B.organize C.recall D.trust【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:为什么我还能回忆其中每一个细节。seek寻找;organize组织;recall回忆;trust信任。根据前文可知,作者没有忘记,还能记得很多细节,故选C。18.A.power B.courageC.amusement D.ability【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:我想那很好地诠释了朗读的力量。power力量;courage勇气;amusement快乐;ability能力。作者认为这是因为朗读的作用,相信朗读的力量,故选A。ability是指做某事的能力,不符合句意。19.A.cheer B.seeC.miss D.mention【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:朗读把我们领进一个安全屋,每个人都在其中,无论是朗读者还是听众,都有机会看见对方。cheer振奋;see看见;miss错过;mention提及。根据文章可知,在朗读的时候,作者与男孩的关系发生了变化,故选B。20.A.challenge B.knowledgeC.choice D.connection【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们作为人类,渴望的不只是故事和语言的流动,还有朗读带来的某种联系。challenge挑战;knowledge知识;choice选择;connection联系。作者把与害怕的男孩之间关系的改变归功于朗读,认为是因为朗读产生了某种联系,故选D。【知识拓展】难句解读

WhileMsBoyettewasreading,Ilookedoverathim,forhewassomeoneIwasinthehabitofkeepinganeyeon.Inoticedthathewaslisteningtoo,thathewasengagedbythestory,thathewasleaningforwardinhisseatandlisteningwithallhisheart.分析:第二句中,三个that引导的宾语从句,作noticed的宾语。翻译:当MsBoyette

朗读的时候,我看了看这个男孩,因为他是那种我已经养成了习惯要时刻盯着他的学生。我注意到,他也在听着,他完全被故事情节给吸引住了,他在座位上身体前倾,用心地听。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

FromthefirstdayIarrivedinKunming,IhadmyunderstandingofChina1._________(change).Farfrombeingnarrow-mindedandhostileto2._________(foreign),peoplecameuptotalktomethefirsttimeIwentoutonthestreet.IthappenedtobeallinChinese,soIdidn’tunderstandmuch,3._________itdidcausemetorethinkmyassumptions.

AsmyChineseimproved,thiscontinuedthroughoutmystay,frommylandlordintroducingmetopeoplewhocouldhelpuslearnChineseto4._________(get)toknowthecouplewhorananoodlerestaurantnearby.

Ifyou’reinterestedinotherpeople,theirculture,andtheirlanguage,they’llbe5._________(friend)toyou.Chinaisn’t6._________exception.

Don’tjudgeacountrybyitsmediacoverage,7._________(especial)someWesternmedia,