课件英语必修三Unit3Developingideas

Unit3TheworldofscienceBYMICHELLEDevelopingideasLead-in:Whatcanyougetfromthevideo?GalileoExperimentsontheLeaningTowerofPisaNewtonGravityPre-reading:Whatdoyouknowabouthim?BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)wasoneoftheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStatesandhelpeddrafttheDeclarationofIndependence.Apartfrombeingasuccessfulstatesman,hewasalsowellknownasaleadingAmericanauthor,printerandpublisher,successfuldiplomat,creativescientistandinventor.美国的开国元勋之一政治家作家印刷商出版商发明家外交官科学家起草《独立宣言》Toencouragereaderstoquestionthisexperiment.ReadingTip:Werecognizethepurposebyreadingthetitle,firstparagraphandlastparagraph.Pre-reading:Whatisthefunctionofthequestionmark?明确的隐含的While-reading:ReadthepassageandfindoutwhatFranklin'sexperimentaimedtoprove.Franklin'sexperimentaimedtoprovethatlightningwasaformofelectricity.While-reading:Readandmatchthemainideas.Paragraph1

A.Questioningacceptedideas.Paragraph2B.

Benefitsofthestoriesaboutexploringscience.Paragraph3 C.BenjaminFranklin’sfamousexperiment.Paragraph4 D.Summingupthethemethetext.Paragraph5E.Introductionofthethemeofthetext.Paragraph6F.Noteverythingabouttheexperimentistrue.While-reading:Readandfillintheexperimentreport.AimMaterialsResultProcedures?ExperimentReportToproveiflighteningwasreallyproducedbyelectricityorsomethingelse.Akitewithastringandametalkey.Lightningwasaformofelectricity.Aflashoflightninghitthekite.Electricitywasconductedtothekey.Franklingotanelectricshock.Franklintouchedthekey.Franklinraisedthekite.12341Readandretelltheexperiment.234Heraised

the

kite

with

a

piece

of

string

tied

to

it.

Ametal

key

was

attached

to

the

string.

A

flash

oflightning

hit

the

kite,

and

electricity

was

conductedthrough

the

string

to

the

key.

Franklin

thentouchedthe

key

with

his

finger

and

got

an

electricshock.While-reading:WhatinspirationcanwegetfromFranklin’sexperiment?Weareinspiredbyhis_____________andhis_________________________________________________.Healsotaughtus_________________________________________________.

braveryscientificapproachtolookingforthetruththeimportanceofscientificexperimentsWhile-reading:

Whatmakesthisexperimentnotscientific?Humanscan’twithstandlightning.Franklintouchedthekey.Franklincouldn’thavetouchedthekey.＋=WhatthetextsaysWhatweknowAninference?ReadingTip:Makeaninferencetodiscoveruntoldinformation.lightningflash:300millionVoltshousehold:120Voltstouchedthe

keygotanelectricshockwasconductedthroughthestringraisedthekitehitthekiteHowmuchistrue?touchedthe

keyNot100%true?While-reading:

Whyisquestioningsoimportanttoscientists?Scientistsoftenquestionacceptedideasbecausetheywanttoestablishthefacts.SomehaveevenquestionedthestoryabouttheapplethatfellonNewton’sheadandledhimtocomeupwithhistheoryofgravity.Infact,morethanoneaccountsuggeststhatwhileNewtonwascertainlyinspiredbyafallingapple,thereisnoproofthatithitthemonthehead.acceptedideasquestionfactsScientistsquestionacceptedideasto________________________________.establishfacts.Numberthestatementstoshowhowpeople'sattitudestowardsFranklin'sexperimenthavechanged.Franklin'sspiritofscientificexplorationisstillconsideredaninspiration.PeopleareamazedatandinspiredbyFranklin'sexperiment.ScientistsquestionwhatreallyhappenedinFranklin'sexperiment.213Post-reading:Think&Share1.DoyouthinkitmattersthatFranklin'sexperimentmightnotbetrue?Why?No.Althoughitmightnotbetrue,wearestillinspiredbyhisspiritofscientificexploration.Yes.Inscience,factsshouldbemoreimportantthanfiction.Post-reading:Think&Share2.Whatisyouropinionaboutthestatement“...Weshouldnotalwaysbelieveeverythingwereadorhear-evenifitisagoodstory?Ithinkthestatementisright.Fromascientificstandpoint,peopleshouldsticktothefactsandthefactsshouldbeprovedbyexperimentsandresearch.Agreatstoryisfictionwhichisoftenmoreinterestingthanthetruth.Post-reading:Think&Share3.Whatqualitiesdoyouthinkagreatscientistshouldhave?Agreatscientistshouldhavemorethanonegoodquality,suchasbeingsmart,intelligent,honest,objective,persistent,brave,creative,andimaginative...Post-reading:Think&Share4.Inwhatwaysdoscientistscontributetosociety?Firstly,scientificdiscoveriespromotethedevelopmentofoursociety.Secondly,thecontributionsofscientistsinmedicineextendourlifespan.Thirdly,scientistshaveinventedalotofsurprisingtoolsthatfundamentallyimproveourlivingstandards.Workingroups.Explainyourunderstandingofthesaying“Seeingisbelieving”,andthengiveatalkaboutit.Youmayuseinformationinthepassageasexamples.Makenotesaboutyourunderstandingofthesayingandlistsupportingdetails.Organiseyourtalkfollowingthestepsbelow.Startyourtalkbyexplaininghowyouunderstandthissaying.Explainwhyyouthinkthisway.Usethenotesyouhavemadetosupportyourideas.Endyourtalkbysummarisingyourpoints.Giveyourtalktotheclass.LanguagepointsBenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)wasoneoftheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStatesandhelpeddrafttheDeclarationofIndependenceandtheUSConstitution.本杰明·富兰克林(1706—1790)是美国的开国元勋之一,并帮助起草了《独立宣言》和美国宪法。◆declaration

n.声明,宣告;申报;申报单,声明书【词汇拓展】declarevt.

宣布;声明;表明;宣称

declarationof... 宣告……declarefor/against表示赞成/反对……declarewar(on/against) (向……)宣战LanguagepointsBenjaminFranklin’sfamousexperimentwithlightninghasintroducedgenerationsofchildrentoscience.本杰明·富兰克林的有名的闪电实验让一代代的孩子们了解了科学。◆experiment

n.实验v.实验【词汇拓展】experimentin做……方面的实验experimenton

在……上做实验experimentwith 以/用……做实验Don’texperiment

withsuchdangerousdrugs.不要用这种危险的药物做实验。LanguagepointsAmetalkeywasattachedtothestring.一把金属钥匙被绑在了绳子上。◆attachv.系上;(使)与……有联系;认为……重要;把……附在……上【词汇拓展】attach...to...将……附在……attachimportance/significance/valueto..认为……有重要性/意义/价值(to为介词)attachedadj.

依恋的;附属的;喜欢的beattachedto喜欢;依附于;隶属于Society,schoolsandfamiliesshouldattachgreatimportance

tohardshipeducationforallstudents.社会、学校和家庭都应该重视对全体学生的艰苦教育。LanguagepointsAflashoflightninghitthekite,andelectricitywasconductedthroughthestringtothekey.一道闪电击中了风筝,电通过绳子传到了钥匙上。◆conductv.传导(热、电);实施;进行;指挥;引导n.行为;举止;管理【词汇拓展】conductorn.

(乐队等)指挥;列车长;售票员conductionn.

传导bad/goodconduct 恶劣的行为/良好的行为undertheconductof 在……指导/管理下conductoneself 做人Thecoreofeducationistosolvetheproblemofhowtoconductoneself.UndertheconductofourEnglishteacher,ourEnglishscoreshaveimprovedrapidly.【迁移应用】翻译句子(1)教育的核心是解决如何做人的问题。(2)在英语老师的指导下,我们的英语成绩迅速提高。LanguagepointsButscientistsallagreethatifFranklinhadactuallytouchedthekey,hewouldcertainlyhavedied

fromtheelectricshock.但是科学家们都认为如果富兰克林真接触了钥匙,他肯定早就死于电击了。◆diefrom

死于diefrom由外部原因造成的死亡dieof用于死因存在于人身体之内【词汇拓展】dieaway(尤指声音、光、风)逐渐消失,停止;自行消失dieout 灭绝,消失from

of

away

out【迁移应用】用适当的介/副词填空(1)Manyvillagersdieeveryyear

snakebites.

(2)Theanimalsdied

starvationinthesnow.

(3)Thesoundofthecardied

inthedistance.

(4)Manyoldcustomsaredying

.

LanguagepointsBut

scientists

all

agree

that

if

Franklin

had

actually

touched

the

key,he

would

certainly

have

died

from

the

electric

shock.但是科学家们都认为如果富兰克林真接触了钥匙,他肯定早就死于电击了。【句式剖析】agree后面是that引导的宾语从句,宾语从句中包含了if引导的条件状语从句。宾语从句使用了虚拟语气,表示对过去情况进行不切实际的假设。表示与过去事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”,主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”。Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavefailedintheexamination.假若你听从我的建议,你就不会考试不及格了。Languagepoints【句式拓展】(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(be的过去式通常用were),主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。(2)表示与将来事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“wereto/should+动词原形”,或用一般过去时,主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。(3)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,通常被称为“错综虚拟语气”;动词的形式要依据它所表示的时间进行相应的调整。Languagepoints(4)在条件句中,可以省略if,把系动词were、助动词had或情态动词should提到句首,成为倒装句式。(5)有时,虚拟语气中并不出现if引导的条件句,而用其他形式(比如without,butfor)来代替条件句,通常称之为“含蓄虚拟语气”。had

wouldbeIf

hadknown【迁移应用】单句填空(1)IfI

(have)alotofmoney,Iwouldbuyabighousewithaswimmingpool.

(2)Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,he

(be)ascientistnow.

(3)

hehadnothurthisleg,Johnwouldhavewontherace.

(4)Stevesaidthatifhe

(know)howitworked,hewouldhavetoldmewhattodo.

LanguagepointsSomehaveevenquestionedthestoryabouttheapplethatfellonNewton’sheadandledhimtocome

up

withhistheoryofgravity.

有些人甚至质疑那个苹果的故事,故事中,苹果砸中了牛顿的头,从而促使他提出了他的重力理论。◆comeupwith

提出【词汇拓展】comeup

走近;上来;发芽;发生;被提出comeabout发生comeacross穿过(路、桥);(偶然)遇见;发现comeout 出来;(书等)出版cometo苏醒;总计;达到;谈到whenitcomesto... 当谈到……with

across

up【迁移应用】用适当的介/副词填空(1)Noonehascomeup

aconvincingexplanationofwhydinosaursdiedout.

(2)Whenwalkingdownthestreet,Icame

DavidwhoIhadn’tseenforyears.

(3)Assoonastheprojectcame

atthemeeting,itattractedmanypeople’sattention.

LanguagepointsInfact,morethanoneaccountsuggeststhatwhileNewtonwascertainlyinspiredbyafallingapple,thereisnoproofthatithithimonthehead.

事实上,不止一种说法表明,虽然牛顿的灵感确实来自一个掉落的苹果,但没有证据表明它击中了他的头部。◆account

n.论述,描述;账户;账目;考虑v.认为,看作;解释,说明【词汇拓展】accountantn.会计;会计师keepanaccountof记录onaccountof因为,由于takeaccountof/oaccount考虑onnoaccount 绝不accountfor 说明/解释……的原因;(数量、比例上)占accountsforOnnoaccountcantakeaccountof【迁移应用】完成句子(1)缺钱是她辍学的原因。Lackofmoney

herdiscontinuingherstudies.

(2)你绝不能向任何人提我的名字。

youmentionmynametoanyone.

(3)在设计时,我们必须考虑到许多因素。Indevelopingadesign,wemust

manyfactors.

In

fact,more

than

one

account

suggests

that

while

Newton

was

certainly

inspired

by

a

falling

apple,there

is

no

proof

that

it

hit

him

on

the

head.事实上,不止一种说法表明,虽然牛顿的灵感确实来自一个掉落的苹果,但没有证据表明它击中了他的头部。【句式剖析】suggests后面是that引导的宾语从句,在从句中包含了while引导的让步状语从句和that(第二个)引导的同位语从句。while在此处意为“虽然;尽管”,表示让步,相当于although,通常位于句首。While/AlthoughIadmithisgoodpoints,Icanseehisshortcomings.虽然我承认他的优点,但我还是能看到他的缺点。LanguagepointsLanguagepoints【句式拓展】while作连词的用法:(1)while意为“而,然而”,作并列连词用,表示前后两者的对比。(2)while意为“只要”,表示条件。(3)while引导时间状语从句,从句中的动作或状态一般是持续性的。(4)while从句中的省略。当while从句中的主语与主句的主语一致,且含有be动词的某种形式时,从句中的主语连同be动词可同时省略。【迁移应用】翻译句子(1)I’dliketostudylawatuniversitywhilemycousinprefersgeography.(2)WhileIreallydon’tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.(3)Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.(4)WhileinSpain,Iexperiencedalotofstrangecustoms.我想在大学学法律,而我的表哥喜欢地理。

尽管我的确不喜欢艺术,但我觉得他的作品让人印象深刻。

别人在工作时,请不要高声谈话。

在西班牙的时候,我体验过很多奇怪的习俗。

WritinganexperimentreportReadtheinstructionsfortheexperimentandanswerthequestions.1.Whatdoyouthinktheresultsofthisexperimentwillbe?2.Whatcanyoulearnfromthisexperiment?1.Whatdoyouthinktheresultsofthisexperimentwillbe?Theeggwillsqueezeintothebottle.2.Whatcanyoulearnfromthisexperiment?Theexperimentshowsustheeffectsofairpressure.Airpressureindeedexists,anditisverypowerful.Check

the

answersWatchEgginaBottleExperimentCompletetheboxeswiththeinformationinActivity5.Dofurtherresearchifnecessary.provewhetherairpressurereallyexistsCompletetheboxeswiththeinformationinActivity5.Dofurtherresearchifnecessary.aboiledegg,aglassbottlewhoseneckisabitsmallerthantheegg,andsomehotwaterFirst,Iremovedtheshelloftheegg.Then,Icarefullypouredsomehotwaterintothebottle,andshookthebottlegently.Afterafewminutes,Ipouredoutthehotwater.Justatthesametime,IquicklyplacedtheeggontopofthebottleCompletetheboxeswiththeinformationinActivity5.Dofurtherresearchifnecessary.airpressureindeedexists,anditisverypowerful.ItistheforceoftheairthatpushedtheeggintothebottleSummaryThree

partsIntroductionIntroducetheaimoftheexperiment.MainbodyDescribethematerialsusedintheexperimentandexplaintheprocedures.ConclusionReporttheresultsandwhatyouhavelearnt.Theexperimentisdesigned/aimedto...Iprepared...,including...First...,then...,after...Aftertheexperiment,Icandrawaconclusionthat...UsefulexpressionsNowwriteareportoftheexperiment.ReferenceTextTheexperimentisdesignedtoprovewhetherairpressurereallyexists.

Atthebeginningoftheexperiment,Ipreparedthematerials,includingaboiledegg,aglassbottlewhos