2023-2024学年山西省运城市高二上学期期末调研测试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山西省运城市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末调研测试英语试题第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是B。1.Wherewillthegiftsbesent?A.Tothewoman’shome.B.Tothemanager’soffice.C.Tothewoman’soffice.2.Whendidthewomanrememberhercoffee?A.Whenshewasdriving.B.Whenshegotinthecar.C.Whenshelookedforherkey.3.WhatdoesthewomanliketowatchonTV?A.Dancecompetition.B.Natureprograms.C.Singingshows.4.Whatwillthewomandofirst?A.Gotothebank.B.Prepareaspeed.C.Borrowsomebooks.5.Whydoesthemangetangry?A.Noonepasseshimtheball.B.Hecannottakeanicepicture.C.Heisnotonthebasketballteam.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟。听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inahotel.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inanoffice.7.HowdoesthewomandescribeBrown’sRestaurant?A.Itislocatedinanexpensivearea.B.Itsfoodisworththeprice.C.Theserviceisgood.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。8.WhydopeopleattheschooldininghalllikeJennie?A.Sheisveryhumorous.B.Sheusedtoworktherebefore.C.Hermotherwastheirformercolleague.9.WhoisMrs.Hanneh?A.Jennie’smother’sfriend.B.Jennie’ssister.C.Peter’sschoolmate.10.HowoftendoesPetertakehisownlunch?A.Everyday.B.Twiceaweek.C.Threetimesaweek.听第8段材料,回答第10至13题。11.Whyisthemangoodaticeskating?A.Hewasaprofessionalskaterbefore.B.Hehaspracticedreallyhard.C.Heisgoodathockey.12.Whatwasthewoman’sjobbefore?A.Anaccountant.B.Ateacher.C.Anathlete.13.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Co-workers.B.Friends.C.Husbandandwife.听第9段材料,回答第14至16题。14.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Asportsevent.B.Theirfavoritesubject.C.Aknowledgecompetition.15.Whatsubjectisthewomangoodat?A.History.B.Geography.C.Math.16.Wherewilltheeventbeheldthisyear?A.Inthegym.B.Inthelibrary.C.Inthecafeteria.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.Whatspeededthedevelopmentoftelemedicine?A.Improvementsintelecommunication.B.AdvanceinAItechnology.C.Thecoronavirus.18.Howcantelemedicinebeconvenientforpatientsaccordingtothespeaker?A.Bysavingtravelcosts.B.Byloweringmedicineprices.C.Bycancelingtheappointmentfees.19.Whomayparticularlybenefitfromtelemedicine?A.Apatientwhoneedtoseeadoctorregularly.B.Peoplewhocannotmoveeasily.C.Doctorswhoareinpoorarea.20.Whatdisadvantageoftelemedicineismentionedinthespeech?A.Manymedicaltestscan’tbedoneonline.B.ItreliesheavilyonInternetconnection.C.Doctorshavetoworklongerhours.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AReadytoshareyournovelsorpersonalstorieswiththeworld?Thefollowingfourwritingcontestsareworthconsidering.DrueHeinzLiteraturePrizeYoucanwin$15,000andpublicationbytheUniversityofPittsburghPresswiththisprize.Youmaysubmitanunpublishedmanuscriptofshortstories,twoormorenovelsoracombinationofnovelsandshortstories.Youmusthavealreadypublishedanovelorbook-lengthworkoffictionwitharespectedpublisher.Deadline:AnnualsubmissionsmustbebetweenMay1andJune30.BiopageStorytellingWritingContestEssaysofupto5,000characters(about1000words)willbeacceptedandrightnowwe’relookingforstoriesofCOVID-19quarantinelife.Thegrandprizewinnerwillreceive$300,andfiverunners-upwillbeawarded$100each.You’llneedtoregisterforaBiopageaccounttobequalified.Deadline:July31,2022PEN/RobertJ.DauShortStoryPrizeforEmergingWritersThiscontestrequiresyoutohavealreadypublishedashortstoryinaliterarymagazineorjournalorculturalwebsite.Shortstoriesofupto12,000wordsarequalifiedandmustbepublishedbeforetheyearinwhichtheawardisgiven.Theprizemoneyvariesfrom$1,000to$200.Inaddition,keepthisinmind:Submissionsareonlyqualifiedwhensubmittedbyaneditor.Deadline:ThecontestisopenannuallybetweenJuneandNovember.WritetheWorldFornewwriters,thiscoolcontestalsoservesasaminiworkshop.Consideringthatthefirstdraftisneverperfect,submissionswillreceivereviewbyauthors,writingteachersandotherexperts.Participantsaregiventhechancetorevisetheirpiecesbasedonthereviewbeforesubmittingthemforfinalprizeconsideration.5topprizewinnerswillreceive$100each.Deadline:Monthly.1.Whichwritingcontestoffersthebiggestprizemoney?A.WritetheWorld. B.DrueHeinzLiteraturePrize.C.BiopageStorytellingWritingContest. D.PEN/RobertJ.DauShortStoryPrizeforEmergingWriters.2.WhatshouldyoudotoparticipateinBiopageStorytellingWritingContest?A.Publishanovelbeforehand. B.Berecognizedbyaneditor.C.RegisterforaBiopageaccount. D.Cooperatewitharespectedpublisher.3.WhoisWritetheWorldmostprobablytargetedat?A.Firstauthors. B.Novelreviewers.C.Literaturecritics. D.Writingbeginners.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了4个不同的写作比赛。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据DrueHeinzLiteraturePrize中的“Youcanwin$15,000andpublicationbytheUniversityofPittsburghPresswiththisprize.(你可以赢得15000美元的奖金，并获得匹兹堡大学出版社出版的作品)”、BiopageStorytellingWritingContest中的“Thegrandprizewinnerwillreceive$300,andfiverunners-upwillbeawarded$100each.(大奖得主将获得300美元，五名亚军将获得每人100美元)”、PEN/RobertJ.DauShortStoryPrizeforEmergingWriters中的“Theprizemoneyvariesfrom$1,000to$200.(奖金从1000美元到200美元不等)”和WritetheWorld中的“5topprizewinnerswillreceive$100each.(5名头奖得主每人将获得100美元)”可知，DrueHeinzLiteraturePrize写作比赛的奖金最高。故选B。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据BiopageStorytellingWritingContest部分中“You’llneedtoregisterforaBiopageaccounttobequalified.(您需要注册一个Biopage帐户才有资格)”可知，参加传记小说写作比赛你应该注册Biopage账户。故选C。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据WritetheWorld部分中“Fornewwriters,thiscoolcontestalsoservesasaminiworkshop.(对于新作家来说，这个酷炫的比赛也可以作为一个迷你工作坊)”可推知，WritetheWorld针对的是写作新手。故选D。BRickylivedinalovely,futuristichouse,whichhadeverythingyoucouldeverwant.Thoughhedidn’thelpmucharoundthehouse,Rickywasstillverypleasedwhenhisparentsboughthimthelatestmodelofrobot.Assoonasitarrived,offitwent,cooking,cleaning,ironing,and—mostimportantly—gatheringupclothesfromRicky’sbedroomfloor.Onthatfirstday,whenRickywenttosleep,hehadlefthisbedroominatrulydisastrousstate.Whenhewokeupthenextmorning,everythingwasperfectlycleanandtidy.Infact,itwasactually“too”clean;nowRickycouldn’tfindhisfavoriteT-shirt,norhisfavoritetoy.Howevermuchhesearched,thetwothingsdidnotreappear.Thesamewasstartingtohappenwithotherthings.Rickybegantosuspecttherobot.Heplannedtospyontherobot,andbeganfollowingitaroundthehouse.Finallyhecaughtitonthespot,pickinguponeofRicky’stoystohideit.Rickytoldhisparentsthattherobotwasbrokenandbadlyprogrammedandaskedthemtohaveitchanged.Buthisparentstoldhimabsolutelynot;theyweredelightedwiththenewrobot,anditcookedlikeadream.Oneday,therobotwaswhirringpast,andheardtheboy’scomplaints.Therobotreturnedwithoneoftheboy’stoys,andsomeclothesforhim.“Here,sir.Ididnotknowitwasbotheringyou,”saidtherobot.“Howcoulditnot,youthief!You’vebeenstealingmybelongingsforweeks!”theboyansweredangrily.“Theobjectswereleftonthefloor.Ithereforecalculatedthatyoudidnotlikethem.Iamprogrammedtocollectallthatisnotwanted,andatnightIsendittopeoplewhocanuseit.Iamamaximumefficiencymachine.Wereyouunaware?”therobotsaid,withacertainpride.Rickystartedfeelingashamed.Heunderstoodthattherobotwasneitherbrokennormisprogrammed.Rather,ithadbeenprogrammedextremelywell!Sincethen,Rickyhasdecidedtobecomea“MaximumEfficiencyBoy”,andputrealcareintohowhetreatedhisthings.Hekeptthemtidy,andmadesurehedidn’thavemorethanwhatwasnecessary.And,often,hewouldbuythings,andtakethemalongwithhisgoodfriend,therobot,tohelpoutthoseotherpeoplewhoneededthem.4.Whatistherobotmeanttodo?A.Dothehousework. B.Takecareofchildren.C.Providesecurityservices. D.Recycleusedobjects.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3mean?A.Therobotdreamedofbeingacook. B.Therobotwasgoodatcooking.C.Therobotcouldserveasacooker. D.Therobotfounditunrealistictocook.6.WhydidRickygetmadattherobot?A.Hemistookitasathief. B.Hedislikedthewayitcleanedhisroom.C.Hethoughtitwasmakingtoomuchnoise. D.Hefeltlesslovedbyhisparentssinceitsarrival.7.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A.Asciencereport. B.Asciencefictionstory.C.Anentertainmentmagazine. D.Acommercialadvertisement.【答案】4.A5.B6.A7.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。瑞奇家的机器人每天都把家里收拾得非常干净整洁，以至于瑞奇经常找不到他的物品。他认为是机器人偷了他的物品，后来机器人向瑞奇解释了事情的原委，误会得以化解。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Assoonasitarrived,offitwent,cooking,cleaning,ironing,and—mostimportantly—gatheringupclothesfromRicky’sbedroomfloor.(它一到，就忙着做饭、打扫、熨衣服，最重要的是收拾里基卧室地板上的衣服)”可知，这个机器人的功能是做家务。故选A。【5题详析】句意猜测题。根据划线句上文“Rickytoldhisparentsthattherobotwasbrokenandbadlyprogrammedandaskedthemtohaveitchanged.Buthisparentstoldhimabsolutelynot;theyweredelightedwiththenewrobot”可知，当瑞奇向父母抱怨这个机器人，并要求换掉它的时候，父母拒绝了他的请求，他们很喜欢这个机器人。因此可推测机器人的烹饪水平很高，深得瑞奇父母的喜欢。故划线句意思是“机器人擅长烹饪”。故选B。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第四段““Howcoulditnot,youthief!You’vebeenstealingmybelongingsforweeks!”theboyansweredangrily.(“怎么可能没有呢，你这个小偷！你已经偷我的东西好几个星期了！”男孩生气地回答)”可知，瑞奇生机器人的气是因为他误以为是小偷。故选A。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据文章讲述了一个发生在机器人和小男孩之间的故事。这个机器人勤劳能干，还能与人交流。推测选自科幻小说。故选B。CWithinthebeautifulsceneryofWisconsin’sLakeChippewaliesanaturalwonderthatisauniquechallengeforthelocalcommunity.Thishiddenwonderisexactlyagiantfloatingisland.Theisland,madeupofplantsandtrees,sometimesfloatsaroundthelake,causingamajorinconveniencebyblocking(阻塞)animportantbridge.Later,thelocalpeoplecameupwithasolutiontothisproblem.Everyyear,localboatownersworktogetherandpushtheislandawayfromthebridge.LakeChippewawasbornin1923whenavastbog(沼泽)waschangedthroughflooding.Soonafterthat,manyofthedarkbogsstartedrisingtothesurfaceandbecameperfectgrowingplacesforplants,withseedscarriedbywindandwildbirdstothisfloatingplace.Overtheyears,thesebogshavegrownplantsandtreesandturnedintofullislands.Astimegoesby,plantstakeroot,andtheoldestislandsevenhavetreesthatactassails(船帆)whenthewindblows,movingtheentirefloatingislandaroundthelake.Althoughtheyears-oldfloatingislanddoesnotrelocate(重新迁移)sooften,whenitdoes,itcausestroubleforthecommunitybyblockingtheimportantbridgethatservesastheonlypassagebetweenthelake’sEastandWestsides.Theonlysolutionistogatheragroupofboats,andnotjustoneortwo,butdozensofboatsworkingtogethertopushtheislandaway.“Ittakesacommunity’seffort,andyoumusthavethewindsatyourbacktopushthemin,”saidaresident.Movingtheislandalsorequiresprecision(精确),asjustrelocatingitashortdistancemayresultinitsreturnwithindays.Somepeoplehavesuggesteddestroyingthefloatingislandstogetridoftheproblem.However,thebigboginLakeChippewahasbeenaroundformanyyears,andduringthattimeavarietyofanimalandplantspecieshavemadeittheirhome.Therefore,localgovernmentadvisestheybedealtwithinawaythatwon’tdoharmtowildlife,payingmoreattentiontothefine-drawnbalancebetweenhumanconvenienceandenvironmentalprotection.TheannualtraditionofrelocatingLakeChippewa’sfloatingislandisevidencetothecoexistenceofmanandnature,aheartwarmingdisplayofcommunityunity,andareminderoftheimportanceofpreservingtheuniqueareasthatenrichourworld.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“solution”inparagraph1referto?A.Buildinganewbridge. B.Movingthefloatingislandaway.C.Transformingthevastbog. D.Rebuildingthelocalcommunity.9.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph2?A.Theformationofthefloatingisland. B.ThehistoryoffloodinginLakeChippewa.C.ThevarietiesofspeciesinLakeChippewa. D.Theimpactofthewindonthefloatingisland.10.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouttherelocationworkfromparagraph3?A.Itisusuallyfinishedwithindays.B.Itisamustincooperationandprecision.C.Itcanonlybecarriedoutduringwindlessdays.D.Itgreatlydisturbsthecommunityresidents’lives.11.Whyhasthelocalgovernmentrefusedtodestroytheisland?A.Tosavecostsforlocalpeople. B.Toensurethesafetyofresidents.C.Toimprovethebondbetweencommunities. D.Toprotectthewildlifespeciesontheisland.【答案】8.B9.A10.B11.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了位于威斯康星州奇皮瓦湖的一个自然奇观——巨大的漂浮岛屿。【8题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句上文“Theisland,madeupofplantsandtrees,sometimesfloatsaroundthelake,causingamajorinconveniencebyblocking(阻塞)animportantbridge.(这个由植物和树木组成的岛屿有时会漂浮在湖面上，堵塞了一座重要的桥梁，给人们带来了很大的不便)”可知，漂浮岛造成的问题是“堵塞了一座重要的桥梁”。结合划线词所在句下文“Everyyear,localboatownersworktogetherandpushtheislandawayfromthebridge.(每年，当地的船主都会齐心协力，把小岛从桥上推开)”可知，当地人们想到的办法(solution)是把漂浮岛推走。故选B项。【9题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“LakeChippewawasbornin1923whenavastbog(沼泽)waschangedthroughflooding.Soonafterthat,manyofthedarkbogsstartedrisingtothesurfaceandbecameperfectgrowingplacesforplants,withseedscarriedbywindandwildbirdstothisfloatingplace.Overtheyears,thesebogshavegrownplantsandtreesandturnedintofullislands.Astimegoesby,plantstakeroot,andtheoldestislandsevenhavetreesthatactassails(船帆)whenthewindblows,movingtheentirefloatingislandaroundthelake.(奇佩瓦湖诞生于1923年，当时一个巨大的沼泽被洪水改变了。不久之后，许多黑暗的沼泽开始浮出水面，成为植物生长的理想场所，种子被风和野鸟带到这个漂浮的地方。多年来，这些沼泽长出了植物和树木，变成了完整的岛屿。随着时间的流逝，植物生根发芽，最古老的岛屿上甚至有树木，当风吹起时，它们就像船帆一样，将整个漂浮的岛屿移动到湖中)”可知，从第二段我们可以知道漂浮岛是如何形成的。故选A项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中““Ittakesacommunity’seffort,andyoumusthavethewindsatyourbacktopushthemin,”saidaresident.Movingtheislandalsorequiresprecision(精确),asjustrelocatingitashortdistancemayresultinitsreturnwithindays.(一位居民说：“这需要整个社区的努力，而且你必须有顺风才能把它们推进来。”移动岛屿也需要精确，因为仅仅将它移动一小段距离就可能导致它在几天内返回。)”可知，推出漂浮岛需要社区的合作和精确。故选B项。【11题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Somepeoplehavesuggesteddestroyingthefloatingislandstogetridoftheproblem.However,thebigboginLakeChippewahasbeenaroundformanyyears,andduringthattimeavarietyofanimalandplantspecieshavemadeittheirhome.Therefore,localgovernmentadvisestheybedealtwithinawaythatwon’tdoharmtowildlife,payingmoreattentiontothefine-drawnbalancebetweenhumanconvenienceandenvironmentalprotection.(有些人建议摧毁浮岛来解决这个问题。然而，奇佩瓦湖的大沼泽已经存在了很多年，在此期间，各种各样的动物和植物物种都在这里安家。因此，当地政府建议以不伤害野生动物的方式处理它们，更加注重人类便利与环境保护之间的微妙平衡)”可知，当地政府拒绝摧毁这座岛是为了保护岛上的野生动物。故选D项。DLikesomanyothergoodthingsinlife,sleepisbestatarightlength.Amulti-yearstudyofolderadultsfoundthatbothshortandlongsleepersexperiencedgreatercognitive(认知的)declinethanpeoplewhosleptaproperamount,evenwhentheeffectsofearlyAlzheimer'sdiseaseweretakenintoaccount.“Ourstudysuggeststhatthereisamiddlerange,or‘sweetspot’,fortotalsleeptimewherecognitiveperformanceisstableovertime.Shortandlongsleeptimeisassociatedwithworsecognitiveperformance,”saidfirstauthorBrendanLucey,anassociateprofessoroftheWashingtonUniversitySleepMedicineCenter.“Anunansweredquestionisifwecanintervenetoimprovesleep,wouldthathaveapositiveeffectontheircognitiveperformancesotheynolongerdecline?Weneedmorefurtherdatatoanswerthisquestion.”LuceyandcolleaguesturnedtovolunteerswhoparticipateinAlzheimer'sstudiesthroughtheuniversity'sCharlesF.andJoanneKnightAlzheimerDiseaseResearchCenter.Suchvolunteersexperiencedannualclinicalandcognitiveassessments,andprovidedabloodsampletobetested.Forthisstudy,eachparticipantsleptwithatinyEEGmonitorattachedtotheirheadsforfourtosixnightstomeasuretheirbrainactivitiesduringsleep.TheresearchersfoundaU-shapedrelationshipbetweensleepandcognitivedecline.Overall,cognitivescoresdeclinedforthegroupsthatsleptlessthan4.5ormorethan6.5hourspernightwhilescoresstayedstableforthoseinthemiddleoftherange.TheU-shapedrelationshipheldtrueformeasuresofspecificsleepphases,includingrapid-eyemovement(REM),ordreamingsleepandnon-REMsleep.Moreover,thesameistrueevenafteradjustingforfactorsthatcanaffectbothsleepandcognition,suchasage,sex,levelsofAlzheimer'sproteins.“Itwasparticularlyinterestingtoseethatnotonlythosewithshortamountsofsleepbutalsothosewithlongamountsofsleephadmorecognitivedecline,”saidProfessorBeauM.Ances.“Eachperson'ssleepneedsareunique,andpeoplewhowakeupfeelingrestedonshortorlongsleepschedulesshouldnotfeelforcedtochangetheirhabits,”saidco-seniorauthorDavidHoltzman,MD.“Butthosewhoarenotsleepingwellshouldbeawarethatsleepproblemsoftencanbetreated.”12.What'sthepassagemainlyabout?A.TheeffectsofAlzheimer'sdisease. B.Thebenefitsofbestsleep.C.Theinfluenceofsleeptimeoncognition. D.Thegoodthingsinlife.13.Accordingtothepassage,whichsleeptimeissuitable?A.4hours. B.6hours.C.7hours. D.7.5hours.14.WhatcanweknowaboutU-shapedrelationship?A.Thesleeptimehasnoconnectionwithcognitivescores.B.Thelongersleeptimeis,thehighercognitivescoresare.C.Cognitionisrelatedtodifferentsleepphases.D.Itisnoteffectivewhenage,sex,andsoonareconsidered.15.WhatdoesDavidHoltzman'swordsimply?A.Qualityofsleepisthekey.B.Longtimesleepersdonothavecognitivedecline.C.Shortsleepschedulesmustchangetheirhabits.D.Bothlongtimeandshottimesleepershavesleepproblems.【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了一项针对老年人的多年研究发现，短时间睡眠者和长时间睡眠者的认知能力都比睡眠适量的人衰退得更严重，即使考虑到早期阿尔茨海默病的影响。【12题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Amulti-yearstudyofolderadultsfoundthatbothshortandlongsleepersexperiencedgreatercognitive(认知的)declinethanpeoplewhosleptaproperamount,evenwhentheeffectsofearlyAlzheimer'sdiseaseweretakenintoaccount.”（一项针对老年人的多年研究发现，短时间睡眠者和长时间睡眠者的认知能力都比睡眠适量的人衰退得更严重，即使考虑到早期阿尔茨海默病的影响）结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要介绍了睡眠时间对认知的影响。故选C。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Overall,cognitivescoresdeclinedforthegroupsthatsleptlessthan4.5ormorethan6.5hourspernightwhilescoresstayedstableforthoseinthemiddleoftherange.”（总体而言，每晚睡眠时间少于4.5小时或超过6.5小时的那组人的认知能力得分有所下降，而睡眠时间在中间的那组人的认知能力得分则保持稳定）可知根据文章，睡眠时间6小时是合适的。故选B。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Overall,cognitivescoresdeclinedforthegroupsthatsleptlessthan4.5ormorethan6.5hourspernightwhilescoresstayedstableforthoseinthemiddleoftherange.”（总体而言，每晚睡眠时间少于4.5小时或超过6.5小时的那组人的认知能力得分有所下降，而睡眠时间在中间的那组人的认知能力得分则保持稳定）和倒数第二段“TheU-shapedrelationshipheldtrueformeasuresofspecificsleepphases,includingrapid-eyemovement(REM),ordreamingsleepandnon-REMsleep.Moreover,thesameistrueevenafteradjustingforfactorsthatcanaffectbothsleepandcognition,suchasage,sex,levelsofAlzheimer'sproteins.“Itwasparticularlyinterestingtoseethatnotonlythosewithshortamountsofsleepbutalsothosewithlongamountsofsleephadmorecognitivedecline,”saidProfessorBeauM.Ances.”（u型关系适用于测量特定的睡眠阶段，包括快速眼动(REM)，或做梦睡眠和非快速眼动睡眠。此外，即使在调整了年龄、性别、阿尔茨海默氏症蛋白质水平等可能影响睡眠和认知的因素后，情况也是如此。BeauM.Ances教授说：“特别有趣的是，不仅睡眠时间短的人认知能力下降的情况更严重，睡眠时间长的人也一样。”）可知睡眠时间与认知得分有关，排除A；睡眠时间越长，认知得分并不高，排除B；当考虑到年龄、性别等因素时，它依然有效，排除D。故选C。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Eachperson'ssleepneedsareunique,andpeoplewhowakeupfeelingrestedonshortorlongsleepschedulesshouldnotfeelforcedtochangetheirhabits,”saidco-seniorauthorDavidHoltzman,MD.“Butthosewhoarenotsleepingwellshouldbeawarethatsleepproblemsoftencanbetreated.””（“每个人的睡眠需求都是独特的，那些在短时间或长时间睡眠中醒来感觉休息好的人不应该被迫改变他们的习惯，”联合资深作者大卫·霍尔茨曼医学博士说，“但那些睡眠不好的人应该意识到，睡眠问题通常是可以治疗的。”）可推知大卫·霍尔茨曼的话意味着睡眠质量是关键。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,其中有两项为多余选项。Ithasbeenmorethan40yearssinceanyonespottedaJapaneseriverotter(水獭).AndtheoncecommonTangtzeRiverdolphinshaveeitherdisappearedorareveryrarelyseen.____16____Buttheadvancementoftechnologycouldmeanthattheextinctionofotherspeciesisnotagiven(必然).Ahugechallengescientistsandconservationistsencounteristrackingspeciesfacingextinctioninordertohelpthem.____17____.OneexampleistheMauidolphin,oneoftherarestandmostthreateneddolphinsintheocean.Familiarwiththeirsummerbehavior,researchersknewthattherewerejust54ofthesemammalslivingoffthecoastofNewZealand.____18____.Afterfouryearsofdeveloping,testingandfundraising,thesescientistsreceivedpermissiontouseadronewithAIthattrackedthedolphinsnomattertheseason.Theresultwastheextensionofamarinesafetyplacetoprotecttheirhabitat.____19____,AIisbeingusedtoenhancetraditionalmethodsofpreventinghunting.CamerasrecordanyboatsthattrytoentertheparkonLakeItezhi-Tezhi,anillegalentrypoint.AIimmediatelydetectsthisactivityandalertsparkrangers,whodealwiththeillegalhunters.InBrazil,AIquicklyanalyzedover150,000satelliteimages,revealingthattheworld’slargesttropicalwetlandslost74percentofitssurfacewater.____20____TheuseofAIhashelpedtoaccelerateactionandincreaseconservationists’abilitytoprotectthenaturalworldforgenerationstocome.A.GiveanimalsontheedgeofextinctionafightingchancetosurviveB.InZambia’sKafueNationalPark,hometomorethan6,000elephantsC.Notuntilthatrevelation(揭露)wereauthoritiesawareofhowdesperatethesituationwasD.Savingthemwaschallengingbecausetheirwhereabouts(行踪)wererelativelyunknownE.ThesearejustafewofthespeciesthathavebeenlistedasextinctorlocallyextinctinrecentyearsF.However,becauseofweatherconditions,researchersknewnexttonothingabouttheirwinterbehaviorG.ThisiswhereAIhasbroughtaboutarevolutioninthewaydataonthesespeciesiscollectedandanalyzed【答案】16.E17.G18.F19.B20.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能在保护濒临灭绝的物种和防止非法狩猎方面的应用。【16题详析】上文“Ithasbeenmorethan40yearssinceanyonespottedaJapaneseriverotter(水獭).AndtheoncecommonTangtzeRiverdolphinshaveeitherdisappearedorareveryrarelyseen.(40多年来，没有人发现过日本水獭。曾经常见的长江海豚要么消失了，要么很少见到)”列举了两种疑似灭绝或濒临灭绝的动物，E项“Thesearejustafewofthespeciesthathavebeenlistedasextinctorlocallyextinctinrecentyears(这些只是近年来被列为灭绝或局部灭绝的物种中的一小部分)”是对上文内容的总结，句中“These”指代上文中“Japaneseriverotter”和“TangtzeRiverdolphins”，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。【17题详析】上文“Ahugechallengescientistsandconservationistsencounteristrackingspeciesfacingextinctioninordertohelpthem.(科学家和自然资源保护主义者遇到的一个巨大挑战是追踪濒临灭绝的物种，以帮助它们)”提出面临的问题：追踪濒临灭绝的物种，G项“ThisiswhereAIhasbroughtaboutarevolutioninthewaydataonthesespeciesiscollectedandanalyzed(这就是人工智能在收集和分析这些物种数据的方式上带来的革命)”承接上文，提出人工智能可以解决此问题，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。【18题详析】上文“OneexampleistheMauidolphin,oneoftherarestandmostthreateneddolphinsintheocean.Familiarwiththeirsummerbehavior,researchersknewthattherewerejust54ofthesemammalslivingoffthecoastofNewZealand.(毛伊海豚就是一个例子，它是海洋中最稀有和最受威胁的海豚之一。研究人员熟悉它们的夏季行为，知道只有54只这种哺乳动物生活在新西兰海岸)”提出对毛伊海豚的研究，F项“However,becauseofweatherconditions,researchersknewnexttonothingabouttheirwinterbehavior(然而，由于天气条件的原因，研究人员对它们的冬季行为几乎一无所知)”指出研究中遇到的问题，句中“knewnexttonothingabouttheirwinterbehavior”与上文中“Familiarwiththeirsummerbehavior”相照应。同时引出下文“Afterfouryearsofdeveloping,testingandfundraising,thesescientistsreceivedpermissiontouseadronewithAIthattrackedthedolphinsnomattertheseason.(经过四年的开发、测试和筹款，这些科学家获得了使用人工智能无人机的许可，可以在任何季节追踪海豚)”中人工智能介入对问题的解决，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。【19题详析】下文“AIisbeingusedtoenhancetraditionalmethodsofpreventinghunting.CamerasrecordanyboatsthattrytoentertheparkonLakeItezhi-Tezhi,anillegalentrypoint.AIimmediatelydetectsthisactivityandalertsparkrangers,whodealwiththeillegalhunters.(人工智能正被用于加强传统的防止狩猎的方法。摄像机记录下了任何试图进入公园的船只，这是一个非法入境点。人工智能立即检测到这种活动，并提醒公园管理员，后者负责处理非法猎人)”提到公园和人工智能防止非法狩猎，但未明确人工智能保护的是公园里的何种动物，信息不完整，B项“InZambia’sKafueNationalPark,hometomorethan6,000elephants(在赞比亚的Kafue国家公园，有超过6000头大象)”补充了这一信息，说明需要保护的是大象，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。【20题详析】上文“InBrazil,AIquicklyanalyzedover150,000satelliteimages,revealingthattheworld’slargesttropicalwetlandslost74percentofitssurfacewater.(在巴西，人工智能迅速分析了超过15万张卫星图像，揭示了世界上最大的热带湿地失去了74%的地表水)”给出人工智能对巴西热带湿地地表水的分析结论，C项“Notuntilthatrevelation(揭露)wereauthoritiesawareofhowdesperatethesituationwas(直到这一消息被披露，当局才意识到情况有多么危急)”承接上文，说明结论带来的影响，句中“thatrevelation(揭露)”照应上文中“theworld’slargesttropicalwetlandslost74percentofitssurfacewater”，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。“Tom,youhaveahairlessspotonthebackofyourhead!”Mom’salarmedcryhitmelikeashock.Itriedtoshrug(耸肩)itoff.“It’llgrowback.”Iworkedtosound____21____.Atfirst,thelosswasminimal.____22____thespotwithmyfingersbecamethetoppriorityeveryday.Nonewhair,smoothasanegg.Weekslater,thespotwasalittlelarger,andtherewasstillno____23____ofanyhairbecomingvisiblethroughtheskin.Ibeganto____24____,butcontinuedtotrytobecoolaboutit.Asdayswentby,myhairstartedtofallfasterandmore.____25____myfingersthroughit,Iwouldstareatthealarmingquantityofhairinmyhands,willingthisto____26____happeningtome.Wewenttoseeadoctor,whodiagnosedmyconditionasalopecia(脱发症).Herecommendedaninjection(注射)totry,whichwouldbe____27____totheheadskin.Iunderwentseveralcostlyinjectionsoverafewmonths,butinvain.____28____,theinjectionbegantotroublemysleep,andwefinallyhadtostopthe___29___.Myhairstilldidn’tgrowback.Ihadtowearawig(假发)toschooleveryday,worrieditmightsliponedayandthateverythingwould____30____.ThoughawarethatIshould____31____th