押南京卷第32-40题 阅读理解之说明文（解析版）

押南京卷第32-40题阅读理解之说明文说明文是中考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于分层次选拔。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。中考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。（2021·江苏南京·中考真题）Afterreadingsomuch,youmaywonderhowtomakeabook.It’stimeforyoutohaveatry!Haveyoueverwonderedhowabookismade?Ittakesalotofpeopletomakeabook.Itcantakemonths,orevenyears,forabooktogofromanideatoafinishedproduct.Abookbeginswhenanauthorcomesupwithanideaforabook.Authorsgetideasindifferentways.Theymaygetideasfromtheirownlives,fromwatchingtheworldaroundthem,orfromreading.Next,anauthormayplanthebookbymakinganoutline（提纲）.Sometimesauthorsdoresearchtogatherinformation.Theymayreadbooksorarticles.Theymayinterviewpeopleorvisitplaces.Then,theauthorbeginstowrite.Authorsmaywriteformonthsoryearstofinishamanuscript.Amanuscriptisthetextanauthorproducesforpublication.Finally,theauthorsendsthecompletedmanuscripttoapublisher.Ifthepublisherdecidestopublishthebook,theauthorworkswithaneditor.Aneditorreadsthemanuscript.Thenheorsherecommendschangestoimprovethebook.Acopyeditorreadsthemanuscripttocorrectanygrammaticalmistake.Afteranauthormakesthesuggestedchanges,adesignermaydecidehowthebookwilllook.Thedesignermaychoosethesize,shape,andtypestylesforthebook.Somepicturebookauthorscreatetheirownillustrations（插图）.Ifnot,anillustratorischosentocreatepicturesforthebook.Theillustratormakessketchesofpicturesthatwillgooneachpage.Thesketchesaresenttothepublishingcompany.Theeditormakessurethepicturesclearlytellthestory.Thedesignercheckshowthewordsandpictureswillfittogetheronthepages.Afterthedesignchangesaremade,theillustratorbeginscreatingthefinalpictures.Heorshemaychangethecolours,theperspective,orthecompositionofpictures.Itmaytakemonthstocreateallthepictures.Thefinishedartisthensenttothepublisher.Thedesigneradjusts（调整）howthepicturesandwordsfittogetheronthepages.Thecompletedpagesaresenttotheprinter.Manybooksarestillmadeintobookswithpaperpages.Theprinteruseshugeprintingpressestomakethepages.Thepagesarefixedtogether.Thebookcoverisadded.Thefinishedbooksarethensenttothepublisher’swarehouse.Theyarestoredthereuntiltheyareboughtbylibrariesandbookstores.E-readershavechangedhowsomebooksaremade.Someauthorsdonotuseapublisheratall.Insteadofsendingamanuscripttoapublisher,someauthorsturntheirmanuscriptsintoeBooksthemselves.Finally,anauthor’seBookisuploaded（上传）tovirtualbookstoresontheInternet.CustomerscanbuyanddownloadeBooksfromthesewebsites.1．Accordingtothepassage,thedesigner’sjobisto________.A．createpicturesforthebook B．makeanoutlineofthebookC．decidehowthebookwilllook D．correctgrammaticalmistakesinthebook2．Yourfirstbookwillbepublishedsoon.Whatwillfirsthappentoitaftertheillustratorhascreatedthefinalpictures?A． B．C． D．3．ThewriterusestheLASTparagraphto________.A．introducethehistoryofeBooks B．describethedisadvantagesofeBooksC．showthedevelopmentofmakingabook D．askcustomerstosupportauthorsinmakingabook4．Thewriterexplainshowtomakeabookby________.A．givingcauses B．showingsteps C．providingexamples D．expressingopinions5．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．FromIdeatoBook B．DifferentKindsofBooksC．WorkersinthePublishingHouse D．BetweenPublishersandCustomers【答案】1．C2．C3．C4．B5．A【分析】本文向我们展示了制做一本书的过程，并提到最近比较流行的电子阅读器。1．细节理解题。根据“Afteranauthormakesthesuggestedchanges,adesignermaydecidehowthebookwilllook.”可知，作者做出建议的修改后，设计师可能会决定书的外观。故选C。2．推理判断题。根据“Thefinishedartisthensenttothepublisher.Thedesigneradjusts（调整）howthepicturesandwordsfittogetheronthepages.”可知，完成后的艺术作品会被送到出版商那里，设计师调整图片和文字在页面上的组合方式。故选C。3．推理判断题。分析最后一段内容可知，本段介绍制作一本书的发展，故选C。4．细节理解题。根据“Next…Then…Finally”可知，作者通过展示步骤介绍如何制作一本书。故选B。5．最佳标题题。分析全文内容可知，本文向我们展示了制做一本书的过程，并提到最近比较流行的电子阅读器。选项A“从想法到书”符合语境，故选A。（2021·江苏南京·中考真题）ImagineyouchoosetojoinWorldBookDayBookClub.Nowyouarereadingabookonartforchildren.AboutartArtisavastsubject,includingallkindsofpicturesandsculptures.Thisbookintroduces32worksbysomeoftheworld’smostfamousartists.Thisisonlyasmallselection,butitreveals（揭示）hugedifferencesinwhatartistsdo.Whymakeart?Artistsmakeartformanyreasons.Sometimes,theyjustwanttocreatesomethingbeautiful.Buthundredsofyearsago-whenmanypeoplecouldn’tread-paintingswereoftendesignedtoillustratestories.Verygrandpaintingswereusuallymadetoorder,forwealthyclientswhowantedtoimpresspeople.Morerecently,artistshavebeguntopainttoexpresstheirownfeelingsorexploreideas.AboutthisbookThepicturesreproducedinthisbookwerepaintedoverthelast500years.Theyarearranged（排列）inorderofdate,soyoucanseehowideasaboutarthavechangedovertime.Ifyouwouldliketoseemoreart,thereislotsontheInternet-justfollowthelinksrecommendedthroughoutthebook.Ifyoucan,visitanartgallerytoo,soyoucanexperienceseeingthe“realthing”.6．Whyaretheworksintroducedinthebook?A．Totellreadershugedifferencesinwhatartistsdo.B．Toofferreadersallkindsofpicturesandsculptures.C．Toshareeveryfamousartist’slifestorywithreaders.D．Tointroduceanumberofworksfromanartisttoreaders.7．Theworksinthebookarearrangedinorderof________A．size B．space C．time D．importance8．Thepassageabovemainly_________.A．givesanintroductiontothebook B．showsthesizeofeachpartinthebookC．showsthenumberoftheartistsinthebook D．givesthereasonstoorderpaintingsinthebook【答案】6．A7．C8．A【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍一本关于艺术的书。6．细节理解题。根据“Thisisonlyasmallselection,butitreveals（揭示）hugedifferencesinwhatartistsdo.”可知，这只是一小部分，但它揭示了艺术家们所做的巨大差异。故选A。7．细节理解题。根据“Theyarearranged（排列）inorderofdate”可知，它们是按日期顺序排列的，故选C。8．主旨大意题。本文向我们介绍一本关于艺术的书，选项A“为这本书作了介绍”符合主题，故选A。说明文一般考查学生的细节理解能力、主旨理解能力和推理判断能力。做阅读理解题，首先要准确理解题意，然后根据题意和短文内容选出正确的答案。（1）考查细节理解能力，此类型题较简单，学生准确理解题意后，直接到文中找出答案。（2）考查猜词能力。做这种题型时，学生要根据上下文意思准确猜出词义。3）考查推理判断能力，此类题型较难，学生要准确理解题意后，在文中找出相关的内容做出合理的推断。本文主要考查学生的细节理解能力。准确理解题意后，到文中找出相关的叙述，做出正确的判断。（2024·江苏南京·一模）DuringChineseNewYear,a40-metre-longballoonloong(theChinesepronunciationofdragon)wasshowninHongKong.OnJanuary24,theartworkwasconfirmedtohavebrokentheGuinnessWorldRecordforbeingtheworld’slargestballoonloong.Theloongisthesymbolofpower,energyandlivelinessinChineseculture.Therecord-breakingloongismadeupof38,000beautifulballoons.Itshowsagoldenlightandhasasenseofpower.“AccordingtoChineselegends(神话),theloongcontrolsrain.Onlygoodweathercanproducegoodcrops,sotheChinesehaveadmiredandrespectedtheloongsinceancienttimes,”theballoonartistWilsonPangsaid.Headdedthatmanysayingsabouttheloonghadgoodmeanings,whichweredifferentfromthoseaboutWesternDragons.Pangsaidthattheartworktookhimmuchtimeandthemostdifficultpartwastheeyes.Hemademorethan10draftsforoneeyealonebeforehewassatisfied.TheGuinnesscertificationofficerwasgreatlyimpressed,sayingitwasoneofthemostattractiveballoonartworksever.Themodeloftheloongcaughtmanypeople’sattention.“Beautiful”,“amazing”,“fantastic”and“thanksforbringinguspeace”wereamongmanypeople’smessagesPangreceivedonsocialmedia.Tothankpeoplefortheirsupport,Pangprinted5,000postcardsbasedontheloongandhadameetingwiththematamall.“Tosendawarm,lovingmessagetothepeopleofHongKongiswhatIalwayswanttodo,”Pangsaid.“IhopetosharewhatIhavelearnedwithyoungpeople.IhavewonmanymedalsmyselfandIhopetosupportthenextwinnersinthefuture.”GrowingupinHongKong,aplacebotholdandmodern,PangoftenthinksabouthowtopresentthebeautyofEasternculturewithWesternballoonart.TheballoonartisthopesthatonedayhecanintroduceballoonworksthatshowChineseculturetotheworld.“ThisiswhatIamdoingnow,”hesaid.9．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1toParagraph3?A．TheloongispowerfulandlazyinChineseculture.B．Peoplerespecttheloongbecauseitproducescrops.C．SayingsaboutWesternDragonsalwayshavegoodmeanings.D．Ancientpeoplebelievedgoodweatherdependedontheloong.10．InWilsonPang’seyes,theballoonartwork________.A．hasperfecteyesinthebeginningB．hasnothingtodowithyoungpeopleC．isawaytosendpeopleawarmmessageD．iseasiertodesignthananyotherartwork11．Whatwillthewriterprobablytalkaboutafterthelastparagraph?A．ThebeautyoftheWesternballoonartandworks.B．Chineseculturethatcanbefoundintheballoonloong.C．Pang’sgrowing-upstoriesbeforebecomingaballoonartist.D．HongKong,agreatplacewithancientandmoderncultures.12．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ArtistBreaksRecordforLargestLoongB．ChineseLoongStandsforSpecialMeaningsC．HongKongSpreadsTraditionalChineseCultureD．WilsonPangBecomesFamousasBalloonArtist【答案】9．D10．C11．B12．A【导语】本文介绍了香港展出40米长巨型气球龙，破吉尼斯世界纪录，创作者WilsonPang希望借此推广中国文化。9．细节理解题。根据“AccordingtoChineselegends(神话),theloongcontrolsrain.Onlygoodweathercanproducegoodcrops,sotheChinesehaveadmiredandrespectedtheloongsinceancienttimes”可知，根据中国神话，龙可以控制雨水。只有好天气才能长出好庄稼，所以中国人自古以来就对龙钦佩和尊重。所以D选项“古人认为好天气取决于龙。”正确，故选D。10．细节理解题。根据“Tosendawarm,lovingmessagetothepeopleofHongKongiswhatIalwayswanttodo”可知，向香港人传递温暖、充满爱心的信息，是他一直想做的事，所以C选项“是向人们传递温暖信息的一种方式”符合，故选C。11．推理判断题。根据“TheballoonartisthopesthatonedayhecanintroduceballoonworksthatshowChineseculturetotheworld.”可知，这位气球艺术家希望有一天他能向世界介绍展示中国文化的气球作品，可知接下来与此有关，B选项“在气球龙里可以找到的中国文化。”符合，故选B。12．最佳标题题。本文介绍了香港展出40米长巨型气球龙，破吉尼斯世界纪录，创作者WilsonPang希望借此推广中国文化。所以A选项“艺术家打破最长龙纪录”符合，故选A。（2024·江苏南京·一模）AwakeningofInsects(惊蛰)fellonMarch5andendedonMarch20thisyear.Itsdateslightlychangeseachyearbecauseofthelunarcalendarsystem.Itshowsthatanimalssleepinginwinterareawakenedbyspringthunderandtheearthbeginstocomebacktolife.SpringthundercrackstheskyAnoldChinesesayinggoes,“IfthefirstspringthundercrashesbeforetheAwakeningofInsects,therewillbeunusualweatherthatyear.”AroundtheAwakeningofInsects,theearthbecomeshumid(潮湿的)andthehotairnearthesurfacerises.Atthesametime,thecolddryairfromthenorthisstrongandcreateswinds.Whenthetwoairflows(气流)cometogether,thunderformsduringthistime.Springploughing(耕作)TheAwakeningofInsectsisimportanttofarmersbecausetheytakeitasthebeginningofthebusiesttimeforfarmwork.Duringthistime,mostareasofChinaseethequickestriseintemperatures,usuallyreachingabove10degrees.Thereisalsoabigincreaseinsunshine,whichprovidesgoodconditionsforfarming.__________AroundtheAwakeningofInsects,someanimalswakeup,andsodofish.Theyswimfromdeepwatertoshallowwaterinsearchoffood,readytohavebabies.Itisaperfecttimeforfishing.Fishingcanhelppeoplerelaxinbodyandmind,especiallyforpeoplelivinginthecity.Drivingtothecountryside,fishinginalake,bathinginthesunlight,enjoyingthesingingbirdsandbeautifulflowersmakeaperfectweekendinspring.EatingpearsEatingpearsaroundtheAwakeningofInsectsisacommonpracticeinChina.Astheweathergetswarmerandtheairbecomesdrier,peoplewillfeeltheirmouthsaredry,whichcancausecoldsorcoughs.Pearswhicharesweet,juicyandcoldmaystopacough.SopearsarehighlyrecommendedduringtheAwakeningofInsects.13．ThunderformsaroundtheAwakeningofInsectsbecause_________.A．thehotairnearthesurfacegoesupB．animalssleepinginwinterallwakeupC．thecolddryairfromthesouthspreadsD．thehothumidairmeetsthecolddryair14．ThewritertellstheimportanceoftheAwakeningofInsectstofarmersby________.A．showingtime B．givingexamplesC．explainingreasons D．presentingnumbers15．Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitablefor________?A．GoingfishingB．SwimmingindeepwaterC．DrivingtothecountrysideD．Enjoyingbeautifulflowers16．WhichsentenceisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Eatingpearscancausecoldsorcoughs.B．Peoplewholiveincitiesmaylikefishingalot.C．AwakeningofInsectsbeginsonMarch5everyyear.D．TemperaturerisesslowlyduringtheAwakeningofInsects.【答案】13．D14．C15．A16．B【导语】本文主要介绍了二十四节气中的惊蛰的相关知识。13．细节理解题。根据“AroundtheAwakeningofInsects,theearthbecomeshumid(潮湿的)andthehotairnearthesurfacerises.Atthesametime,thecolddryairfromthenorthisstrongandcreateswinds.Whenthetwoairflows(气流)cometogether,thunderformsduringthistime.”可知，在惊蛰前后，打雷是因为湿热的空气与干冷的空气相遇造成的，故选D。14．推理判断题。根据“becausetheytakeitasthebeginningofthebusiesttimeforfarmwork.Duringthistime,mostareasofChinaseethequickestriseintemperatures,usuallyreachingabove10degrees.Thereisalsoabigincreaseinsunshine,whichprovidesgoodconditionsforfarming.”可知，是通过解释原因来讲述了惊蛰对农民的重要性，故选C。15．推理判断题。根据“AroundtheAwakeningofInsects,someanimalswakeup,andsodofishFishingcanhelppeoplerelaxinbodyandmind,especiallyforpeoplelivinginthecity.”可知，这里说的是钓鱼，A项“去钓鱼”符合语境，故选A。16．推理判断题。根据“Fishingcanhelppeoplerelaxinbodyandmind,especiallyforpeoplelivinginthecity”可知，住在城市里的人可能很喜欢钓鱼。故选B。（2024·江苏南京·一模）17．Therightorderofmakinghoneyis________.A．wax-water-honey B．wax-nectar-honeyC．nectar-water-honey D．nectar-wax-honey18．Fromthematerialabove,weknow________.A．thehoneywillgobadinafewyears B．thereisabout18%ofwaterinhoneyC．itisveryeasyforbeestomakehoney D．beesdancetotellothersthewayhome19．Wherecanweprobablyreadthematerial?A．Inanovel. B．Inatravelguide.C．Inasciencebook. D．Inahistoryrecord.【答案】17．D18．B19．C【导语】本文主要介绍了蜜蜂是如何制作蜂蜜的。17．细节理解题。根据“1Flowersmakenectartoattractbeesinforasnack!Beesdrinkupthenectarintooneoftheirtwostomachs.”可知第一步是花分泌花蜜，根据“2Atthehive,thebeesmakethenectarintowaxhexagons.”可知第二步是蜜蜂把花蜜做成蜂蜡，再由“4Beesdehydratethenectarandwhennectarreachesaround18%ofwater,theycapitwithabitofwax.5Nowthatthehoneyismade,itwilllastformanyyears!”可知最后制成蜂蜜。故选D。18．细节理解题。根据“4Beesdehydratethenectarandwhennectarreachesaround18%ofwater”可知蜂蜜中大约有18%的水。故选B。19．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了蜜蜂是如何制作蜂蜜的，可能在一本科学书上读到。故选C。（2024·江苏南京·一模）Whilefake(虚假)newscantakemanyforms,itcanbedividedintotwobroadtypes:misinformationanddisinformation.MisinformationMisinformationiswhenfalseinformationissharedbysomeonewhobelievesthatinformationtobetrue.Normallyitisn’tdoneonpurpose.DisinformationDisinformationiswhenmisleadingorevenfalseinformationissharedwiththeintentiontodeceive(欺骗)others.Therearelotsofreasonswhypeoplesharefakenews.Oftenthepersonsharingitdoesn’trealizethatit’sfake.Sometimesit’sdonetoadvertiseaserviceorproduct,sothatsomeonecanmakemoney.Itcouldevenbedonetomakepeoplelaugh.Fakenewscanalsobesharedbysomeonewhowantsotherstoheartheirownpersonalopinionsandbeaffectedbythem.Still,fakenewsissharedtoinfluencetheopinionsandbeliefsofothersaboutorganizationsandbusiness.Fakenews?Questionit!Toworkoutwhetherthe“news”wearereadingisfake,wecanuseourcritical(批判性)thinkingskillstoaskourselvesthefollowingquestions.Isitamistakeorjustajoke?Peoplesometimesshareinformation,believingthatit’strue,becausetheydon’trealizethatit’sajoke.ItmightevenbeAprilFools’Day!Aretherelotsofspellingandgrammarmistakes?Ifyes,it’sasignthatnooneischeckingthecontent.Thiscouldmeanthatthosewritingthecontentarenotprofessionalwritersorjournalistsandthenewscontentisuntrustworthy(不可靠的).Isthearticleadvertisingsomething?Sometimesanewsarticlecaninfluenceustobuysomething.Companieswilloftenpayanewsorganizationtotalkabouttheirproductasifit’s“news”toencouragepeopletobuyit.Istheheadlinebelievable?Sensational(耸人听闻的)headlinesencourageustoclickonastorybecausetheycatchourattention.Somepeoplegetpaidforeveryclick,sobeforeclicking,askyourself,doesthestorysoundmade-up,orevenimpossible?Istherebias(偏见)?Sometimescertainfactshavebeenleftoutofastorybecausethewriterwantsthereaderstobelieveit.Biasisanunderlying(隐含的)opinionthatguidesouractions.Seeifyoucanfact-checkthestorywithanothernewssourceifyou’reunsure.Whenfakenewscausesstressorhurttothepersonorpeopleittargets(将……作为目标),itisoftenthecasethatthosewhohavehelpedspreaditwillclaimtheywerenottoblame.However,sharingfakenewsisjustlikeaddingfuel(燃料)toafire.Ifthefalseinformationdoesn’tgetshared,itdoesn’tgetseenandcannotfulfilitspurpose.Whenitcomestofakenews,it’snotenoughtonotwritesomething,wemustrefusetoshareit,too.20．What’sthemaindifferencebetweendisinformationandmisinformation?A．Disinformationisharmfultothepublic,whilemisinformationisnot.B．Disinformationissharedtodeceiveothers,whilemisinformationisoftennot.C．Disinformationisaimedatyoungpeople,whilemisinformationisaimedatolderones.D．Disinformationisproducedbyprofessionals,whilemisinformationbyordinarypeople.21．Peoplespreadfakenewsforthefollowingreasonsexceptto________.A．trickorentertainpeople B．challengethenewsindustryC．makemoneythroughadvertising D．influencepublicopinionsandbeliefs22．Accordingtothewriter,whatdolotsofspellingorgrammarmistakesshow?A．Thenewsreportispublishedinahurry.B．Thenewsreportisn’tprofessionallywritten.C．Thepersonwhochecksthecontentiscareless.D．Thenewsreportislikelytobewrittenbyamachine.23．Whichofthefollowingcanhelpustellifapieceofnewsisfake?①abiasedfactisgiven

②itsheadlineissensational③thenewscontentseemslikeajoke④anyproductorserviceismentionedA．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④24．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribethewriter’sopiniononsharingfakenews?A．Support. B．Praise. C．Doubt. D．Disagree.【答案】20．B21．B22．B23．A24．D【导语】本文主要介绍了虚假新闻的两种类型：误导性信息和假消息，呼吁拒绝分享虚假新闻。20．细节理解题。根据表格内容“Misinformationiswhenfalseinformationissharedbysomeonewhobelievesthatinformationtobetrue.”和“Disinformationiswhenmisleadingorevenfalseinformationissharedwiththeintentiontodeceiveothers.”可知，误导性信息相信虚假信息的人分享虚假信息，而假消息是分享误导甚至虚假的信息，意图欺骗他人。故选B。21．细节理解题。根据第二段“Sometimesit’sdonetoadvertiseaserviceorproduct,sothatsomeonecanmakemoney.Itcouldevenbedonetomakepeoplelaugh.”和第三段“Still,fakenewsissharedtoinfluencetheopinionsandbeliefsofothersaboutorganizationsandbusiness.”可知，人们传播虚假新闻的原因有：赚钱，娱乐别人，影响他人的看法和信念。故选B。22．细节理解题。根据第九段“Thiscouldmeanthatthosewritingthecontentarenotprofessionalwritersorjournalistsandthenewscontentisuntrustworthy.”可知，如果有很多拼写和语法错误，表面撰写内容的人不是专业作家或记者，新闻内容不可信。故选B。23．细节理解题。根据第六段“Isitamistakeorjustajoke?”，第十二段“Istheheadlinebelievable?”和第十四段“Istherebias?”可知，本身就是一个错误或者笑话，给出了一个有偏见的事实，标题很耸人听闻都属于虚假新闻。故选A。24．观点态度题。根据最后一段“Whenitcomestofakenews,it’snotenoughtonotwritesomething,wemustrefusetoshareit,too.”可知，当涉及到假新闻时，不写是不够的，我们也必须拒绝分享。故选D。（2024·江苏南京·一模）Doyouknowhowmanykindsofplantsandanimalsthereareintheworld?Expertsbelievetherearebetween8and14million,butrightnowweonlyknowabout1.5million.However,scientistsarefindingnewplantandanimalspecies(物种)allthetime—andthat’sgoodnewsforus.In2009,auniversityprofessornamedChristopherAustinandhisstudentEricRittmeyerdiscoveredanewanimalspecies.TheywereinPapuaNewGuinea,studyingthewildlifeontheisland.Oneevening,theywereinthejunglelisteningtoanimalsounds.Themostcommonsoundwasthenoiseoffrogscroakingloudly.Buttherewasanothersound—amuchsofter,high-pitchedonethatsoundedlikeitcamefromsomethingmuchsmaller.Atfirst,theycouldn’tlocatethesound,butaftersometime,theyrealizeditcamefromtheground.Theysearchedthroughthegrassanddeadleavescarefully,butwhattheyfoundsurprisedthem.Itwasatinyfrog—justsevenmillimeters(微米)long.“Thisfroghasacallthatdoesn’tsoundlikeafrogatall,”saidAustin.Thefrogtheydiscoveredwasthesmallestintheworld!Researchersbelievethatfrogsareimportantbecausetheyhelpkeeptheenvironmentclean.Wecanalsousethemtocreatenewmedicines.Wheneverwefindanewspecies,welearnnewthings.Forthatreason,scientistsworkveryhardtofindnewplantsandanimalseveryday.Buttheirjobsaregettingmoredifficult.Theforeststhattheseanimalsliveinaredisappearingquickly.And,sadly,soaretheanimals.25．WhywereAustinandRittmeyersurprisedwhentheyfoundthefrog?A．Thereweren’tanyknownfrogsinthearea. B．Thefrog’scolormatchedtheleavesperfectly.C．Itdidn’tseemlikethesoundcamefromafrog.D．Thefrogcouldbeusedtomakenewmedicines.26．WhatdidAustinandRittmeyerprobablyexpecttofindinthegrass?A．Aninsect. B．Aneagle. C．Arabbit. D．Asnake.27．Thepurposeofthelastparagraphistoshowthat________.A．frogsareusefulanimals B．scientistsareworkingveryhardC．findingnewspeciesisimportant D．scientistscanuseanimalstomakemedicines28．Thewritersaysthatresearchers’jobsaregettingmoredifficultbecausetherearefewer________.A．researchers B．labs C．medicines D．animals【答案】25．C26．A27．C28．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍2009年，一队科学家在研究陆地上植被和动物的多样性时，无意间发现一种新的青蛙。25．细节理解题。根据第三段“Itwasatinyfrog—justsevenmillimeters(微米)long.‘Thisfroghasacallthatdoesn’tsoundlikeafrogatall,’saidAustin.Thefrogtheydiscoveredwasthesmallestintheworld!”可知，让科学家惊讶的是声音不像是这么小的一只青蛙发出的。故选C。26．推理判断题。根据第三段“Atfirst,theycouldn’tlocatethesound,butaftersometime,theyrealizeditcamefromtheground.Theysearchedthroughthegrassanddeadleavescarefully,butwhattheyfoundsurprisedthem.”可知，科学家在草丛和枯叶中搜寻，可见体积会很小，可能会期望在草丛中找到一种昆虫。故选A。27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Researchersbelievethatfrogsareimportantbecausetheyhelpkeeptheenvironmentclean.Wecanalsousethemtocreatenewmedicines.Wheneverwefindanewspecies,welearnnewthings.”可知，最后一段目的是为了表明发现新物种的重要性。故选C。28．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Buttheirjobsaregettingmoredifficult.Theforeststhattheseanimalsliveinaredisappearingquickly.And,sadly,soaretheanimals.”可知，研究人员的工作变得越来越困难，是因为动物在快速地消失，动物变得更少了。故选D。（23-24九年级下·江苏南京·阶段练习）Timeandtimeagain,Ihearsomeoneaskwhyanyonewouldwanttokeepan“ugly”buildingorabuildingthatisdirtyandclearlyinneedofwork.Ithinkyoucouldsaywepreservationists(文物保护者)lookatbuildingsthroughadifferentangle—ananglethatcanseetheswanintheuglyduck,thestoryinthesimplelines,thebookbehindthecover.TaketheQueenEmmaBuildingforexample.Whilepeoplemayrememberthatbuildingbeingnamedasoneoftheugliestbuildingsintown,theanglefromwhichapreservationistwillviewthebuildingisthatitisuniquelyconstructedwithanartisticalbrise-soleil(遮阳板)toblockthesun.Thedesignerusedstandardconcretebrickstoformadecorativewall.Unfortunately,thebrise-soleilwasremovedin2011,makingthebuildinglooklikemanyofthecontemporarybuildingsintown.Sometimespeoplerememberabeautifulsitethatwasreplacedbya“horrid”pieceofarchitectureandcan’tgetovertheiranger,evenwhenthatbuildingbecomesanimportantpartofourstory.ThisisparticularlytrueinSanFranciscowheremanypreservationiststhemselvesdislikeanythingnewerthantheVictorianera.Yes,itwasatragedythatmanyfailedtoappreciatetheVictorianbuildingsandletmanygettorndownseveraldecadesago,butthoselossesalsotellanotherimportantstory.Ittellsthestoryofthe1950sand1960swhentherewashopeforamoreequalsocietywithinexpensivehousingfortheworkingclass.Shouldthathistorybewipedfromourmemories?Preservationisnotjustaboutkeepingpretty,well-keptbuildings,butaboutconveyingpartsofourhistory—notjustthehistoryofhugeevents,butthestoryofhoweveryoneusedtogotoacertaincornermarket.Ourhistorycannotbetoldonlyinbuildingsthatmeetsomeone’scriteriaofbeauty;sometimesourhistoryispainful,butnolessimportant.29．Howdopreservationistsseebuildings?A．Theyfocusontheirvalueratherthanappearance.B．Theypaygreatattentiontoancientbuildings.C．Theyaredevotedtorepairingfamousbuildings.D．Theypreferuglybuildingstobeautifulones.30．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofremovingthebrise-soleiloftheQueenEmmaBuilding?A．It’sconfusing. B．It’spleasing.C．It’sregrettable. D．It’sunbelievable.31．WhyweremanyVictorianbuildingsinSanFranciscotorndown?A．TowipethehistoryoftheVictorianera.B．Tomakelandavailableforcheaphousing.C．Toworkoffthedeepangeroftheworkingclass.D．TorestorethearchitecturebeforetheVictorianera.32．Whatistheauthor’sintentionofwritingthispassage?A．Tointroducesomebuildingswithhistoricalvalue.B．Toexplainthereasonwhyarchitectsmakeuglybuildings.C．Topraisetheworkofpreservationists.D．Tostresstheimportanceofpreservinguglybuildings.33．Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A．Aculturepaper. B．Asciencebook.C．Anenvironmentreport. D．Atravelmagazine.【答案】29．A30．C31．B32．D33．A【导语】本文主要讲述了为什么丑陋的建筑值得保存。29．推理判断题。根据第一段“Ithinkyoucouldsaywepreservationists(文物保护者)lookatbuildingsthroughadifferentangle—ananglethatcanseetheswanintheuglyduck,thestoryinthesimplelines,thebookbehindthecover.”可知，文物保护者从不同的角度看待建筑——一个可以从丑小鸭中看到天鹅，从简单的线条中看到故事，从封面后面看到书的角度。由此推知，文物保护者关注的是建筑的价值而不是外观。故选A。30．推理判断题。根据第二段“Unfortunately,thebrise-soleilwasremovedin2011...”中的“Unfortunately”可推知，作者为拆除艾玛女王大厦的遮阳板而感到遗憾。故选C。31．细节理解题。根据第三段“Yes,itwasatragedythatmanyfailedtoappreciatetheVictorianbuildingsandletmanygettorndownseveraldecadesago,butthoselossesalsotellanotherimportantstory.Ittellsthestoryofthe1950sand1960swhentherewashopeforamoreequalsocietywithinexpensivehousingfortheworkingclass.”可知，旧金山很多维多利亚时期的建筑被拆除，是为了腾出土地为工人阶级建造廉价的住房。故选B。32．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Preservationisnotjustaboutkeepingpretty,well-keptbuildings,butaboutconveyingparts