膳食营养的基本概念Basicconceptsofdietarynutrition讲解

膳食营养的基本概念BasicconceptsofdietarynutritionWeifangNursingVocationalCollege潍坊护理职业学院王冰

副教授AssociateProfessorWangBing01营养与膳食NutritionandDiet02膳食营养素参考摄入量DietaryReferenceIntakes目录CONTENTS营养与膳食NutritionandDietPART01维持人体生命活动和健康所必需的物质、能量和水分的供给和利用过程，它是人体正常生长发育、维持机体功能以及抵抗疾病的基础。营养与膳食

NutritionandDietTheprovisionandutilizationofsubstances,energy,andwateressentialforsustaininghumanlifeandhealthformthebasisfornormalgrowth,development,maintenanceofbodilyfunctions,andresistancetodiseases.营养Nutrition人体获取营养的主要途径，包括食物的种类、量、搭配以及制备方式等。Themainpathwaysforthehumanbodytoobtainnutrition,includingthetypes,quantities,combinations,andpreparationmethodsoffood.膳食Diet提供了维持人体正常运作所必需的各种营养物质，如碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素和矿物质等。Itprovidesavarietyofnutrientsessentialforthenormalfunctioningofthehumanbody,suchascarbohydrates,proteins,fats,vitamins,andminerals.营养膳食的重要性

Theimportanceofnutritiousdiet营养膳食有助于维持身体健康和功能，各种营养物质在身体中发挥不同的作用，如蛋白质参与组织修复，碳水化合物提供能量，维生素和矿物质促进身体各系统的正常运作。Nutritiousdietscontributetomaintainingoverallhealthandbodilyfunctions.Variousnutrientsplaydistinctroleswithinthebody,suchasproteinsbeinginvolvedintissuerepair,carbohydratesprovidingenergy,andvitaminsandmineralsfacilitatingthenormaloperationofthebody'ssystems.营养膳食的重要性

Theimportanceofnutritiousdiet良好的饮食结构还可以预防慢性疾病，如心血管疾病、肥胖症、糖尿病等，并增强人体的免疫力，提高身体对抗疾病的能力。Awell-balanceddietcanalsopreventchronicdiseasessuchascardiovasculardisease,obesity,diabetes,andstrengthenthehumanimmunesystem,enhancingthebody'sabilitytofightdisease.营养膳食的重要性

Theimportanceofnutritiousdiet食物多样化

Fooddiversification坚果Nut豆类Beans全谷物WholeGrain蔬菜Vegetable水果Fruit能量Energy脂肪Fat糖Sugar盐Salt食物多样化

Fooddiversification旨在通过优化膳食营养结构、改善居民营养状况、提高居民健康水平等方式，推动营养与膳食的健康发展。综合性法律法规

ComprehensivelegalregulationsandlawsItaimstopromotethehealthydevelopmentofnutritionanddietbyoptimizingthedietarynutritionstructure,improvingthenutritionalstatusofresidents,andenhancingtheirhealthlevels.膳食营养素参考摄入量DietaryReferenceIntakesPART02为了满足人群健康个体基本营养所需的能量和特定营养素的摄入量而制定的一组参考值。Asetofreferencevaluesestablishedtomeettheintakeofenergyandspecificnutrientsrequiredforthebasicnutritionalneedsofhealthyindividualsinapopulation.膳食营养素参考摄入量

DietaryReferenceIntakes

平均需要量（EAR）EstimatedAverageRequirement01

推荐摄入量（RNI）ReferenceNutrientIntake02

适宜摄入量（AI）AdequateIntake03

可耐受最高摄入量（UL）TolerableUpperIntakeLevel04四个营养水平指标Fourlevelsofnutritionalindicators在日常生活中摄取的营养素的量，可以维持不同年龄段以及男女50%个体的健康。Theamountofnutrientsconsumedindailylifecanmaintainthehealthof50%ofindividualsacrossdifferentagegroupsandgenders.平均需要量（EAR）

EstimatedAverageRequirement四个营养水平指标Fourlevelsofnutritionalindicators四个营养水平指标Fourlevelsofnutritionalindicators推荐摄入量（RNI）

ReferenceNutrientIntake相当于传统使用的推荐膳食营养素的供给量，可以满足某一类人群中的绝大多数个体的需要。ItisequivalenttothetraditionallyusedRecommendedDietaryAllowance(RDA)ofnutrients,whichcanmeettheneedsofthevastmajorityofindividualswithinacertainpopulationgroup.四个营养水平指标Fourlevelsofnutritionalindicators适宜摄入量（AI）

AdequateIntake通过实验、观察等途径获得的健康人群某种营养素的摄入量，虽然其准确性不如推荐摄入量，但可以满足目标人群中几乎所有个体的需要。Theintakeofacertainnutrientinhealthyindividualsobtainedthroughexperiments,observations,andothermeans,althoughnotasaccurateastherecommendedintake,canmeettheneedsofalmostallindividualsinthetargetpopulati