定语从句补充

定语从句定语从句是用来修饰、描述或提供有关名词、代词或整个主句信息的从句。它在整个句子中起形容词的作用。被修饰的名词，语法上称作先行词。从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词和关系副词不仅起引导定语从句、连接先行词的作用，同时还充当定语从句中的一个成分，如：主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语、定语或状语等。定语从句由下列关系代词和关系副词引导：(1)who,whom,that(2)which,that(3)whose(4)whenWherewhy1.修饰、指代人物关系代词who，that引导的从句修饰、指代人物，在从句中作主语。(1)关系代词作主语(1)Ithankthewoman.Shehelpedme.a.Ithankthewomanwhohelpedme.b.Ithankthewomanthathelpedme.(2)关系代词作宾语关系代词whom,who,that在从句中作动词宾语时，修饰、指代人物。Whom是宾格形式，常用于较正式的英语中。who和that常用于口语和非正式的英语中。在口语和非正式英语中更多的情况下，作动词宾语的关系代词常被省略。（2）Themantoldmetocomeback.Isawhimintheoffice. a.ThemanwhomIsawintheofficetoldmetocomeback.b.ThemanwhoIsawintheofficetoldmetocomeback.c.ThemanthatIsawintheofficetoldmetocomeback.d.ThemanIsawintheofficetoldmetocomeback.我在办公室见到的那为男士叫我回去。注意：1.引导从句的关系代词一定要放在从句的最前面，例如：从句whomIsawintheoffice，虽然关系代词whom在句子中作动词的宾语，也应放在从句的最前面。2.从句应尽可能地紧跟在所修饰的名词后面。从句whomIsawintheoffice是用来修饰theman,所以应放在theman后面。(3)关系代词作介词宾语当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，正式英语中，往往将介词提到关系代词前面。（3）ThewomanspokeFrench.Itraveledwithher.a.ThewomanwithwhomItravelledspokeFrench.和我一起旅行的那位女士讲法语。注意：在这类句子中修饰、指代人物时，只能用whom。关系代词不可以用who或that。也不可以省略关系代词。在口语和非正式英语中，介词往往放在原来的位置，即：在谓语动词之后。在这种情况下，关系代词可以是who/whom/that，也可以省略。b.ThewomanwhomItravelledwithspokeEnglish.c.ThewomanwhoItravelledwithspokeEnglish.d.ThewomanthatItravelledwithspokeEnglish.e.ThewomanItravelledwithspokeEnglish.2.修饰、指代事物关系代词that,which引导的从句用来修饰、指代事物，它们在从句中可以作句子的主语也可以作宾语。(1)关系代词作主语例句:Didyouhearabouttheearthquake?IthappenedinSanFranciscolastweek.a.DidyouhearabouttheearthquakethathappenedinSanFranciscolastweek?b.DidyouhearabouttheearthquakewhichhappenedinSanFranciscolastweek?你听说上星期在旧金山发生的地震了吗？关系代词that/which引导的定语从句修饰名词earthquake。在从句that/whichhappenedinSanFranciscolastweek中作句子的主语。“”注意：当关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略。a.b.两例句意思一样.Which要比that正式一些。(2)关系代词作宾语例句:Themoviewasn’tverygood.Wesawitlastnight.a.Themoviethatwesawlastnightwasn’tverygood.b.Themoviewhichwesawlastnightwasn’tverygood.c.Themoviewesawlastnightwasn’tverygood.我们昨晚看的那部电影不怎么样。关系代词that/which引导的从句修饰名词Themovie。在从句thatwesawlastnight中，that/which作动词saw的宾语。关系代词作动词宾语的时候可以省略。(3)关系代词作介词宾语在从句中，如果关系代词是作介词的宾语，正式英语中需要前置，即，将介词置于关系代词之前。例句:Heisstandingonachair.Isitfirmenough?a.Isthechaironwhichheisstandingfirmenough?他站的那把椅子结实吗？onwhichheisstanding是which引导的从句，修饰thechair。Which在从句中作介词on的宾语。在英语口语和非正式的英语中，介词可以放在动词的后面。关系代词可以用which,that,也可以省略。b.Isthechairwhichheisstandingonfirmenough?c.Isthechairthatheisstandingonfirmenough?d.Isthechairheisstandingonfirmenough?在例句b.c.d.，从句thatheisstandingon中的介词后置，关系代词作介词on的宾语，可以用that/which,也可以省略。(4)应该使用that的情况有些情况下，that不能与which交换使用。当从句修饰不定代词，如all,everything,something,little,much,none，theonly,those等时，必须用that来引导从句。在从句中that作动词的直接宾语时，可以省略。例:Listen,thereissomething(that)Imusttellyou.听着，有些事情我必须告诉你。b.如果先行词被上述不定代词所修饰时，引导从句的关系代词也应用that.例:Alltheapples(that)wepickedweresenttothefactory.所有的我们摘的苹果都送到工厂去了。c.如果先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰，从句应用that引导。例:Thisisthebestnovel(that)Iknow.这是我所知道的最好的一部小说。d.如果先行词被序数词所修饰，从句应用that引导。例:ThefirstEnglishfilmthatinterestedmewasGonewiththeWind.第一部使我感兴趣的英文电影是“飘”。3.表示所有格关系whose用来表示所属关系，它的意思相当于：his,her,its,their等等。Whose可以用来修饰人，也可以修饰物。whose和它所修饰的名词都置于句首。(1)修饰人物Themancalledthepolice.Hiswalletwasstolen.ａ．Themanwhosewalletwasstolencalledthepolice.钱包被窃的那个男人给警察打了电话。Whose引导的从句whosewalletwasstolen，修饰theman.Whose在从句中起定语作用，修饰wallet，意思是his。(2)修饰事物(2)I’mworkinginthehouse.Itswallsaremadeofglass.(Thewallsofthehousearemadeofglass.)a.I’mworkinginthehousewhosewallsaremadeofglass.我在那座四面墙都是玻璃的房子里工作。whosewalls=thewallsofthehousewhose=ofwhich4.修饰表示时间的名词When引导的从句往往是用来修饰一个表示时间的名词，如：time,year,month,day,century等等。When在从句中起时间状语的作用。（1）I’llneverforgettheday.Imetyouthen(onthatday).a.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenImetyou.b.I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichImetyou.我永远也忘不了见到你的那一天。例句a.中when引导的从句修饰theday.When在从句中起时间状语的作用，意思是ontheday.因此，when可以用onwhich替代。（2）1949istheyear.ThenewChinawasfoundedthen(inthatyear).a.1949istheyearwhenthenewChinawasfounded.b.1949istheyearinwhichthenewChinawasfounded.When引导的从句修饰表示时间的名词theyear.1949年是新中国成立的那一年。When在从句中作时间状语，意思是inthatyear.在此句中，when可以用inwhich来替换。看例句b.在句中，which指代的是theyear.(3)7:50isthetime.Myplanearrivesthen(atthattime).a.7:50isthetimewhenmyplanearrives.b.7:50isthetimeatwhichmyplanearrives.7:50是我乘坐的飞机到达的时间。When引导的从句修饰名词thetime,when在从句中作时间状语。意思是atthattime.在这句话中，when可以用atwhich替代。5.修饰表示地点的名词Where引导的从句用来修饰表示地点的名词，例如：city,country,room,house等等。Where在从句中起地点状语的作用。(1)Thebuildingisveryold.Helivesthere(inthatbuilding).a.Thebuildingwherehelivesisveryold.b.Thebuildinginwhichhelivesisveryold.c.Thebuildingwhichhelivesinisveryold.d.Thebuildingthathelivesinisveryold.e.Thebuildinghelivesinisveryold.他住的那座楼很旧。a.Where引导的从句修饰名词building.Where在从句中作地点状语，意思是inthatbuilding.b.介词前置。c.d.e.介词在原来的位置上。如果用where引导从句修饰名词，从句中就不必使用介词。否则就必须使用介词。（2）Thatisthepark.Wearegoingtohaveapicnicthere(atthatpark).a.Thatistheparkwherewearegoingtohaveapicnic.b.Thatistheparkatwhichwearegoingtohaveapicnic.c.Thatistheparkwhichwearegoingtohaveapicnicat.d.Thatistheparkthatwearegoingtohaveapicnicat.e.Thatistheparkwearegoingtohaveapicnicat.那就是我们将去吃野餐的公园。（我们将在那个公园吃野餐）。Where的意思是atthepark,可以用atwhich替换。定语从句练习：1.All_____isneededismoretime.A.whichB.thatC.whereD./2.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?A.whichB./ C.thatD.it3.Those_____notonlyfrombooksbutthroughpracticewillsucceed.A.wholearnB.whoC.wholearnsD.that4.Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything_____hehadstolentothepolice.A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.all5.Thisisjusttheplace_____wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.thatC.whenD.why6.Thisisthehotel_____lastyear.A.wherewestayedB.atwhichwestayeditC.whichwestayedD.wherewestayedat7.Isthatthereason_____youareinfavoroftheproposal?A.whatB.ofwhichC.whyD.for8.Thedoctor_____shesentherfriendisveryfamous.A.towhomB.towhoseC.whomD.atwhom9.Myneighborsusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_____wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.it10.Thisistheonlyoneofthestudents_____thetruth.A.whoknowsB.whoknowC.thatknowD.whichknows11._____,thecompasswasfirstmadeinChina.A.Itisknowntoall B.AsisknowntoallC.Itisknownthat D.Weallknow12.Hewasaforeigner,_____Iknewfromhisaccent.A.whichB.asC.thatD.AandB13.Doyouknowthegirl_____?A.whomheoftentalkto B.towhoheoftentalksC.tothatheoftentalks D.heoftentalksto14.Theworld_____weliveismadeupofmatter.A.onwhichB.ofwhich C.atwhichD.inwhich15.Theforeignguests,_____weregovernmentofficials,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.A.mostofthem B.mostofthat C.mostof