2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit4Naturaldisasters教学知识细解码学案新人教版必修第一册

PAGE1-Unit4Naturaldisasters1．survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→survivorn．生还者；生还者→survivaln．幸存2．deadadj.无生命的→dievi.死；死亡→deathn．死；死亡3．shockn．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→shockingadj.令人震惊的→shockedadj.感到震惊的4．breathn．呼吸→breathevi.&vt.呼吸5．revivevt.&vi.复活；(使)醒悟→revivaln6．unifyvi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体→unitevi.&vt.团结7．suffervt.遭遇；蒙受vi.(因疾病、苦痛、哀痛等)受苦→sufferingn．熬煎；苦难1．affectvt.影响；深深打动；(疾病)侵袭①FromtheexperienceIlearnedalotabouthowtheattitudeoftheleadercanaffectthemembersofateam.影响②Shewasdeeplyaffectedbythesadstory.深深打动③Influenza(流感)canaffectanybodyinanyagegroup.侵袭2．sheltern．避难处；居所；庇护vt.爱护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危急)①Treesshelterthehousefromthewind.爱护②Wesatintheshade，shelteringfromthesun.躲避③Helivesintheshelterssetupbythegovernment.避难所WordsAndPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(学问要点1)rescuen．&vt.救援；营救(教材P48)Whataretherescueworkersandsoldiersdoingintheflood­hitarea?救援人员和士兵在洪水灾区做什么?[例1]Thepolicecametohisrescueandsenthimhome.警察救了他，并把他送回了家。[例2]Alargenumberofsoldiersweresenttheretorescuethosetrappedinthebuilding.大批士兵被派往那里营救被困在大楼里的人。[造句]汤姆在回家的路上从河里救了一个男孩。Tomrescuedaboyfromtheriveronhiswayhome.[学问拓展](1)rescuesb./sth.from... 把……从……营救出来(2)cometoone'srescue 来营救某人arescueteam 救援队[即学即练]完成句子①Allthepeoplenearbycametoherrescuewhenhearinghercryforhelp.旁边的人们听到她的呼救声都来营救她。②Arescueteamistryingtoreachthetrappedminers.救援队正设法到达矿工被困的位置。③Themother，alongwithhertwochildren，wasrescuedfromthesinkingboatbyapassingship.那位母亲和她的两个孩子，被经过的轮船从正在下沉的小船上救起来了。[小片段理解]Assoonastheaccidenthappened，therescueteamcametothevictims'rescue，andtheydidn'tgiveupanyhopeofrescuingthemfromdanger.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点2)damagevt.损害；破坏n．损坏；损失(教材P48)WhichbuildingsweredamagedinSeoul?首尔哪些建筑被毁?[例1]Eatingtoomuchmeatonetimewillcausedamagetoyourstomach.一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。[例2]Asweallknow，smokingcando/causedamagetoourhealth.(damagen．)＝Itiswellknownthatsmokingcandamageourhealth.(damagevt.)众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。[造句]庄稼在这场风暴中受损严峻。Thecropswerebadlydamagedbythestorm.[学问拓展](1)do/causedamageto 给……带来/造成毁坏(2)bebadlydamaged 遭遇严峻损害damageone'shealth 损害某人的健康[即学即练]完成句子①Itcaused/diddamagetotheincomeofthelocalfarmers.它给当地农夫的收入造成了损失。②Theymanagedtorepairthehousesthatwerebadlydamaged．他们尽力修复严峻受损的房屋。③Theearthquakecaused/diddamagetoproperty(财产)about$6billion.地震造成的财产损失大约有60亿。eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点3)ruinn．&vt.破坏；毁坏(教材P50)Inlessthanoneminute，alargecitylayinruins.在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市就沦为了废墟。[例1]Thatmistakeruinedhischanceofgettingthejob.那个错误使他失去了得到那份工作的机会。[例2]Theancienttemplehasfallenintoruinsandneedsrepairing.这座古老的庙宇已经破败不堪，须要修理。[造句]这个国家的经济崩溃了。Thecountry'seconomywasinruins.[学问拓展](1)be/lieinruins 成为废墟；毁灭fallintoruin 成为废墟；毁灭(2)ruinone'shope/chance 使某人的希望破灭/机会失去ruinoneself 自我毁灭[即学即练]完成句子①Yearsoffightinglefttheareainruins．连年的斗争使这一地区破败不堪。②Hisgoodfamefellintoruinbecauseofhisrudeness.他因为粗鲁而人设倒塌。③Thebadweatherruinedourtrip．恶劣的天气破坏了我们的旅程。eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点4)shockn．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊(教材P50)Peoplewereinshock—andthen，laterthatafternoon，anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.人们都很震惊——然后，当天下午晚些时候，又一场大地震再次侵袭了唐山。[例1]Itwasquiteashocktoseemyfaceonthatscreen!从那个屏幕上看到我的脸，真让人惊愕不已！[例2]Iknowthismaycomeasashocktoyou.我知道这可能让你们很震惊。[造句]这些女孩儿震惊了。Thegirlswereinshock.[学问拓展](1)inshock 震惊；惊讶beashockto... 使……惊讶(2)shockedadj. 震惊的；惊异的beshockedat/by 对……惊讶beshockedtodosth. 做某事很惊讶(3)shockingadj. 令人震惊的[即学即练]单句语法填空①Itisshocking(shock)thatstudentscan'tspellthesewords.②Everyoneinthestreetwasshocked(shock)whentheyheardthenews.③Wewereallshockedatthenewsofhisdeath.④Itwasquiteashocktoseemyfaceonthatscreen.⑤Therewasbloodeverywhere，andthewomanwasembarrassedandclearlyinshock.[小片断理解]Wewereallshockedattheshockingnewsthathewasstillinastateofshockaftertheaccident.However，whenhefinallycametohimselfhelookedatusinshock，knowingnothingabouttheaccident.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点5)(教材P50)Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.地震后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。(1)trapvt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n．险境；陷阱[例1]Ifyouchoosethisway，you'relikelytofallintoatrap.假如你选择这条路，你很有可能会陷入圈套。[例2]Therewasapowerfailure；theyweretrappedinthelift.停电了，他们被困在电梯里。[造句]警察设下了圈套来捉拿窃贼。Thepolicesetatraptocatchthethief.[学问拓展](1)betrapped 使陷入逆境trapo(doing)sth. 诱骗某人做某事(2)setatrap 设置陷阱；布下圈套fall/walkintoatrap 落入圈套[即学即练]完成句子①Theyhavebeentrapped(被困)hereforthreedays.②Thatbigboyalwaystrapsotherchildrenintodoingthings(哄骗其他孩子做事)forhim.翻译句子③Theteamweretrappedintheburningbuildingandtheywereeagertowaitforrescue.队员们被困在燃烧的大楼中，着急地等待救援。[小片段填空]Thehuntersetatrapandtherabbitwastrappedinit.(trap)(2)buryvt.埋藏；掩埋；隐藏[例1]Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandweptwhensheheardthebadnews.当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。[例2]Inthepastthreeweeks，wehavebeenburyingourselvesinstudybecausetheexamisdrawingnear.在过去的三个星期里，我们用心的学习，因为考试即将到来。[造句]自从搬到那里以后，他始终专注于探讨工作。Eversincehemovedthere，hehasbeenburiedinhisresearchwork.[学问拓展](1)bury...in... 把……埋到……里；使……沉醉于……buryone'sfaceinhands 双手掩面(2)beburiedin 埋头于；用心于；沉醉于buryoneselfin 埋头于；用心于；沉醉于[即学即练]一句多译他用心致志地学习。①Heburies/buriedhimselfinhisstudy.(buryoneself)②Heis/wasburiedinhisstudy.(beburiedin)由于埋头读书，他不知道外面下雨了。③Buryinghimselfinthebook，hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.(运用现在分词burying作状语)④Buriedinthebook，hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.(运用过去分词buried作状语)eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点6)effortn．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力(教材P50)Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity'speople，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.在政府的大力支持和人民的不懈努力下，新的唐山从一片地震废墟当中屹然崛起。[例1]AsfarasI'mconcerned，youshouldmakeagreaterefforttostudyhard.依我看来，你应当更加努力学习。[例2]IfIamluckyenoughtobegivensuchagoodchance，Iwillsparenoefforttofinishthetask.假如我足够幸运被赐予这样一个好机会，我将不遗余力地完成这项任务。[造句]我的确信任你的努力迟早会有所回报。Idobelievethatallyoureffortswillpayoffsoonerorlater.[学问拓展]sparenoefforttodosth.不遗余力做某事eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(makeanefforttodosth.,makegreateffortstodosth.))努力做某事[即学即练]一句多译我们将全力以赴帮助你，但你必需做好迎接各种困难的打算。①We'llmakeeveryefforttohelpyou，butyoumustgetpreparedtomeetallkindsofdifficulties.②We'llsparenoefforttohelpyou，butyoumustgetpreparedtomeetallkindsofdifficulties.③We'llmakegreateffortstohelpyou，butyoumustgetpreparedtomeetallkindsofdifficulties.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点7)suffervt.遭遇；蒙受vi.(因疾病、苦痛、哀痛等)受苦(教材P51)Whatkindofhelpdoyouthinkpeoplewhohavesufferedanearthquakeneed?你认为地震灾民须要什么样的帮助?[例1]AsfarasIknow，hehaseversufferedfromaseriousillness.据我所知，他曾患有严峻的疾病。[例2]Hesufferedgreatpainsasaresultoftheaccident.由于那次事故，他遭遇了很大苦痛。[造句]尽管遇到很多困难，他从不屈服。Evenifhesufferedfromalotofdifficulties，henevergavein.[学问拓展](1)sufferfrom 患……病；因……而受苦sufferfromcoldandhunger 忍饥挨冻(2)sufferingn. 苦难；苦痛sufferern. 受难者[明辨异同]sufferfrom/suffersufferfrom表示“遭遇斗争、自然灾难所带来的苦难”及“患病”，后跟awar，theflood，cough，headache，flu等suffer其宾语通常是表示损失、失败、苦痛等抽象意义的词，如pain，loss，punishment，disappointment等[即学即练]用suffer，sufferfrom填空①I'msufferingfromareallackoftimethisweek.②Theysufferedhugelossesinthefinancialcrisis.完成句子③Fortunatelyhesufferednopain．幸好他没感到难受。④Hesufferedfromallkindsofdiseasesinthoseyears.那些年他身患各种各样的病。[小片断理解]Weallwanttodosomethingtohelpthosesufferersoutoftheirsufferings.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)too...to...太……不……(教材P50)Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.鸡，甚至猪都惊慌得吃不下东西，狗也不情愿进圈舍里。[句式分析]本句是一个并列句。在第一个分句中，句子的主语是Chickensandevenpigs，动词不定式短语toeat作结果状语。too...todosth.意为“太……以致不……”，too后接形容词或副词，to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形，动词不定式表示否定意义。[例1]Iwastooyoungtounderstandthemeaningofthefilm.＝IwassoyoungthatIcan'tunderstandthemeaningofthefilm.我太年幼，不理解这部电影的含义。[例2]Theproblemistoodifficultformetosettle.＝TheproblemissodifficultthatIcan'tsettleit.这个问题太难了，我解决不了。[造句]那个人太累了，走不动了。Themanwastootiredtogoanyfarther.[学问拓展](1)too＋adj./adv.(forsb.)todosth意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义；(2)too...to...结构表示确定意义的状况：①当too之后跟的是表示主语的看法、情感、心情或倾向的词，如glad，eager，anxious，happy，ready，nervous，pleased等时；②当“too...to...”结构中含有not或never等否定词时；③当too前有only，just，simply，all，but等词时。[即学即练]同义句转换①Thehouseisnotcheapenoughformetobuy.→Thehouseistooexpensiveformetobuy．→ThehouseissoexpensivethatIcan'tbuy．②Hearingthenews，theteacherwassohappy.→Theteacherwastoohappytohearthenews.完成句子③Heistooclevernottounderstandthis．他太聪慧，不会不明白这一点。④Wearetooreadytohelpyou．我们很乐意帮助你。eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)asif/asthough仿佛；似乎(教材P50)Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend！仿佛世界末日即将来临！[句式分析]Itseemedasif...这是一个含有表语从句的主从复合句。asif＝asthough意为“仿佛；似乎”，引导的从句，常放在be，look，seem，sound，smell，feel等系动词之后作表语。[例1]Lookatthecloudsinthesky！Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看看天上的乌云！看起来将要下雨。[例2]Hurryup！Itlooksasifthetrainisgoingtomove.快点！看起来火车要开了。[造句]他大声地唱着、笑着，似乎他是这世界上仅有的人。Hesangandlaughedloudlyasifheweretheonlypersonintheworld.[学问拓展](1)asif从句用陈述语气：从句表示的状况是真实的或极有可能发生的；(2)asif从句用虚拟语气：①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)；②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)；③从句用would/could/mightdo形式(与将来的事实相反)。[即学即练]单句语法填空①HetreatsmeasifIwere(be)hisowndaughter.②Theytalkedasif/thoughtheyhadbeen(be)friendsforyears.完成句子③Itseemsasifthenoisecomesfromdownstairs．噪声似乎是从楼下传来的。④HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherebefore.他说起罗马来似乎他以前去过那里似的。(与过去事实相反)⑤Itseemsasifourteamisgoingtowin．看来我们队要胜了。1．Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity，oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun，aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.[分析]本句主句为：oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun，thatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing为定语从句修饰先行词aquake，aquake与oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcentury是同位语。[译文]在城市正下方11公里处，20世纪最致命的一场地震已经爆发了，就连150千米以外的北京也遭遇了此次地震带来的损害。2．Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400，000.[分析]本句为主从复合句。此句的主干为Thenumberofpeoplewasmorethan400，000。whowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequake为限制性定语从句，修饰people。[译文]这场地震造成40多万人遇难或重伤。3．Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.[分析]本句主句为：thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshan;todigout...andtoburythedead为动词不定式作目的状语；whoweretrapped为定语从句修饰先行词those。[译文]地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。教材高考2，400homesdestroyed...thatcouldsavekids'teeth，insteadofdestroyingthem.(2024·北京卷)82killed，500，000affectedTheseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.(2024·天津卷)Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity'speople，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Slowly，thecitybegantobreatheagain.Still，mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thisisoneoftheworstnaturaldisasters(disaster)evertohitthearea.2．Theoldmanwentthroughalotofsufferings(suffer)intheolddays.3．Arescueworkerrescuedtwotouristswhohadbeentrapped(trap)inthemountainfortwodays.4．Theearthquakewassobigthatmostofthehousesinthesmallvillagewerecompletelydestroyed(destroy)．5．Thefirefighterscamehererightawaytorescue(rescue)thosetrappedintheburningbuilding.6．Twodayslater，thefightingbetweenthetwocountrieslefttheareainruins(ruin)．7．Allthelistenersweregreatlyshocked(shock)whentheyheardtheterriblenewsonradio.8．Buried(bury)undertheruins，thelittlegirlwasratherfrightened.9．Hedamaged(damage)acarwithabaseballbatlastnight.10．Theirworkandstudyareaffected(affect)seriously.Ⅱ.短语填空thinkof,asif，lookup,asusual,sufferfrom，inruins,setup，digout，inshock，gothrough1．Let'sthinkofsomequestionsaboutlife.2．Theysetupschools，factoriesandhospitalsinthispoorarea.3．Weallknowthatwecan'tliveasusualwithoutgoodhealth.4．Ifyouc