2024-2025学年高中英语Unit24SocietyPeriodThreeLesson3AChangingWorld学案含解析北师大版选修8

PAGEUnit24SocietyPeriodThreeLesson3Ⅰ.重点单词1．castvt.投下2．undertakevt.着手做，从事3．squeezevt.挤4．mopn.拖把vt.用拖把拖5．relayvt.转达；传送6．editionn.版本→editvt.编辑→editorn.编辑7．rectangularadj.长方形的→rectanglen.长方形8．fragrantadj.有香味的→fragrancen.香味9．thirstn.口渴→thirstyadj.口渴的10．containern.容器→containvt.容纳，包含11．spoonfuln.一匙之量→spoonn.匙，调羹Ⅱ.核心短语1．flock_to_someplace涌到某处2．leave_a_deep_impression_on_sb.给某人留下深刻印象3．keep_control_over对……加以限制4．keep_an_eye_on留神；照看5．no_doubt毫无疑问6．godown下降，下跌7．turningpoint转折点8．walkup沿着……走9．dateback(to)始于，追溯到10．haveathirstfor对……的渴望11．morethan不仅仅；超过；特别Ⅲ.经典句式1．make＋宾语＋宾补Theywerethenabletoplaceguardsattheentrancesofthevarioushutongs,whichmadeiteasiertokeepaneyeonpeople'smovements.之后，他们派卫兵把守着各条胡同的入口，这样做使他们更简单监视人们的举动。2．状语从句的省略TheycanalsostopunderastonearchandwatchthehutongworldgobywhileenjoyingaplateofBeijing'sbest“PekingDuck”orsatisfyingtheirthirstwithacoldTsingtaobeer.他们还可以在一座石拱桥下停下来，品尝一盘北京最闻名的“北京烤鸭”或喝上一杯冰爽解渴的青岛啤酒，欣赏着胡同的世界从岁月中消逝。课文预读[以上部分译文]A每年成千上万的游客带着最新版《孤独星球》中国旅游指南涌向中国。他们来看长城和故宫的壮美景色，但经常是那些胡同给他们留下最深的印象，因为透过难得一见的胡同，游客能看到中国的过去。胡同——很多条连接四合院的小巷子——是中国古代建筑的一大特色，今日仍旧能在中国少数几个城市的老城角落里见到。然而，北京的胡同特别闻名，因为它有数千条。现在，“胡同”这个词不仅仅指连接四合院的小巷子，它还指四合院本身，甚至包括住在四合院里的人们。B北京的胡同大部分建于13至19世纪的元、明、清三个朝代。为了维持对整个城市的统治，那些朝代的皇帝们把北京城的不同地区划分成整整齐齐的四合院院落。他们派士兵把守着胡同的入口，这样做使他们简单监视人们的举动。皇家官邸，即紫禁城，在北京城的正中心，贵族与富豪的府邸位于距离皇宫最近的胡同，一般老百姓住在离皇宫较远的胡同。[以上部分译文]C胡同不仅使家家户户相通，事实上不管是富人还是一般人，他们的生活都被胡同联系起来了。因为四合院的房子门对门围绕院子四面建成，所以生活在那里的人都成为彼此生活中重要的一部分。他们相互扶持，同甘共苦，更不用说共享菜谱、借用拖把和一起点香了。孩子们在院子里一起玩耍，也正因为有了胡同，方圆好几里的四合院被连接起来，构成了人们一起工作、一起消遣、一起生活的网络——一个真正的社区。D到了清朝末年，中国的经济受到政治局势的不良影响，北京胡同的状况也每况愈下。为了容纳新增的人口，很多新胡同都是草草建成，质量欠佳。中华人民共和国成立以后状况有了转机，胡同的条件得到了很大的改善，政府对很多早期的胡同进行了修缮和爱护。E胡同仍旧是北京生活的一个重要的部分，难怪游客们宠爱胡同。他们可以在900年前修建的三庙街漫步，或徜徉在最长达两千米的绒线胡同，或侧身挤过最窄处只有40厘米的钱市胡同！他们还可以在石拱门下停留，享受一盘最好的北京烤鸭或一杯解渴的冰镇青岛啤酒的同时，望着这胡同世界缓缓而过。胡同不仅连通了北京的街道和社区，它还联系着北京的过去和现在，它证明白北京的确是一座古老而现代的城市。课文理解TaskOne：FastreadingⅠ.ThepassagemainlyintroducessomethingaboutBeijing's_Hutongs.Ⅱ.Matchthemainideawitheachparagraph.Para.AA．BadtimesforhutongsPara.BB．WhenandwhyhutongswerebuiltPara.CC．What'shutong?Para.DD．Beijing'shutongstodayPara.EE．Connectinglives答案：ParaA—CParaB—BParaC—EParaD—AParaE—DⅢ.Judgethefollowingstatementstrue(T)orfalse(F)．1．Touristsdon'tlikehutongs.(F)2．WealthypeoplelivedinhutongsclosetotheForbiddenCity.(T)3．TheconditionsinBeijing'shutongsworsenedattheendoftheQingDynasty.(T)4．SanmiaoStreetisthelongesthutonginBeijing.(F)5．TheSanmiaoStreetinBeijingis900yearsold.(T)TaskTwo：CarefulreadingReadthetextandthenchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1．WhatdeeplyimpressesthetouristsflockingtoBeijing?A．TheGreatWall.B．TheForbiddenCity.C．HutongsinBeijing.D．MuseumsandBridges.答案：C2．EveryyearthousandsoftouristscometoBeijingto______.A．tasteBeijing'sbest“PekingDuck”B．walkthroughBeijing'shutongsC．visittheGreatWallandtheForbiddenCityD．playandliveinthecourtyards答案：C3．Wecanseethatthepopulationrosequickly________.A．intheYuanDynastyB．intheMingDynastyC．attheendoftheQingDynastyD．in1949答案：C4．Theplacewherepeoplelivedwaslikearealcommunitybecauseof________.A．thehutongsB．therectangularcourtyardsC．theneatblocksofhousesD．thepreservationofthehutongs答案：A5．TheconditionsinBeijing'shutongsoncewentdownbecause________.A．theEmperorstoppedrepairingthemB．thepoliticalsituationaffectedChina'seconomyC．thepopulationincreasedquicklyD．noonewasinterestedinthem答案：BTaskThree：MicrowritingReadthetextcarefullyandfillinthefollowingblanks.Everyyear__1__(thousand)oftouristsflocktoChinawiththelatesteditionofChina's“LonelyPlanet”guidebookintheirhands.Butoftenitisthehutongs__2__leavethestrongest__3__(impress).Hutongs—themanylittle__4__(alley)thatconnecttherectangularcourtyardsoftraditionalhouses—are__5__featureofancientChinese.By__6__(connect)people'shomes,thehutongsinfactconnectedpeople'slives.Theysupportedeachotherandsharedthejoy__7__sadnessofeverydaylife,nodoubtsharingrecipes,borrowingmops,andburningfragrantincensetogether.TowardstheendoftheQingDynasty,theconditionsinBeijing'shutongswentdownasthepoliticalsituationcastadarkcloud__8__China'seconomy.The__9__(turn)pointcamewhenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawassetup.Conditionsimprovedagreatdealandthegovernmentundertookthepreservationofmanyoftheoldesthutongs.HutongsarestillanimportantpartofBeijinglifeanditisnot__10__(surprise)thattouristslovethehutongs.1．thousands2.that3.impression4.alleys5.a6．connecting7.and8.on9.turning10.surprising1eq\a\vs4\al(castvt.投；掷；抛)(教材P38)TowardstheendoftheQingDynasty,theconditionsinBeijing'shutongswentdownasthepoliticalsituationcastadarkcloudonChina'seconomy.清代末期，由于恶化的政治形势使中国经济日趋衰败，北京胡同的状况也衰落了。eq\x(\a\al(castout赶走，驱除,castaside抛弃，丢弃,castaway船遇难时丢下某人常用于被动语态,castdown使懊丧，使悲观常用于被动语态,castashadow/cloudon/oversth.给……投下一层阴影,castalook/glanceatsb./sth.向……看一眼,castsb.intoprison把某人投入监狱))[即学即用](1)Thefishermancastasecondnetintothewater.渔民又往河里撒了一张网。(2)Ijustcast_a_glance_attheheadline.我扫了一眼标题。(3)Don'tcast_awaytheseoldpapers;theymightbeuseful.别丢掉这些旧报纸；它们或许会有用。(4)Shewascast_downforseveraldaysaftersheheardthebadnews.听到噩耗，她懊丧了好几天。(5)Thefellowwassaidtohavebeencast_into_prison.据说那个年轻人被投入监狱。(6)Therumorcast_a_cloud/shadow_on/overthemayor'svisit.谣言给市长的访问投下了阴影。2eq\a\vs4\al(undertakevt.着手做，从事；担当，接受)(教材P38)Conditionsimprovedagreatdealandthegovernmentundertookthepreservationofmanyoftheoldesthutongs.状况大为改观，政府对很多最古老的胡同进行了修缮和爱护。undertakesth.从事/担当某事；着手做某事undertaketodosth.承诺/答应做某事undertakethat...保证……[即学即用](1)Iwouldratherundertakesomepurposefullabourthanstayidle.我宁可做些有意义的劳动也不愿闲待着。(2)Ifyouundertake_the_project,_youareboundtoencounterdifficulties.假如你承接这项工程的话，免不了会遇到很多困难。(3)Iwillundertake_to_feedyourdogswhileyouareaway.你不在家时我答应替你喂狗。(4)He_undertook_thathewouldpayitback.他答应会把它还回来。3eq\a\vs4\al(squeezevt.挤；挤过；压榨)(教材P38)TheycanwalkupSanmiaoStreet,whichdatesback900years,wanderdownRongxian—thelongesthutongat2kmorsqueezethroughQianshi—thenarrowestatonly40cmwide!他们可以沿着900年前修建的三庙街漫步，或徜徉在长达2千米的最长的胡同——绒线胡同，或侧身挤过最窄处只有40厘米的钱市胡同！eq\x(\a\al(squeezein/into挤入；硬塞进,squeezeoutof榨取,squeezethrough挤过，牵强通过,squeezeup使挤紧；使靠拢))[即学即用](1)Ifyoumoveforwardalittle,Icansqueezepast.假如你朝前挪一挪，我就可以挤过去了。(2)Hetookoffhiswetclothesandsqueezed_the_water_out.他脱下湿衣服，拧干了水。(3)Fiveofussqueezed_intothebackseatofthecar.我们中有五人挤进了汽车的后座。1leavea(n)．..impressiononsb.留下……的印象(教材P38)TheycometoseethegrandsightsoftheGreatWallandtheForbiddenCitybutoftenitisthehutongsthatleavethestrongestimpression,astheyoffertravellersarareviewintoChina'spast.他们特意来看长城和紫禁城的壮美景色，但给他们印象最深的经常是那些胡同，因为透过胡同，游客有幸能窥见中国的过去。(1)leave/makea(n)．..impression(on/uponsb.)(给某人)留下……印象get/haveagood/badimpressionofsb./sth.对某人/某物的印象好/不好(2)impressv.赐予……印象；使牢记impresssb.给某人留下印象impresssth.on/uponsb.使某人牢记某事impresssb.withsth.某事物赐予某人深刻印象beimpressedby/at/with为……所感动；对……有印象[即学即用](1)Whathesaidmade/leftadeepimpressiononthestudents.他说的话给学生们留下了深刻的印象。(2)IhadthedistinctimpressionthatIwasbeingwatched.我很明显地感觉到有人在监视我。(3)Myfatherimpressedonmetheimportanceofhardwork.我父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。(4)单句语法填空①TheteacherimpressedtheimportanceofEnglishupon/onme.②Myfirstimpression(impress)ofhimwasthathewasthoughtful.③Arrivinglatecan'tleaveaveryfavorableimpression(impress)．2eq\a\vs4\al(morethan不仅仅，多于，特别，特别)(教材P38)Nowadays,theword“hutong”hascometomeanmorethanjustthealleysthatconnectthecourtyards.而现在，“胡同”这个词不仅仅指连接四合院的小巷子。more...than...与其说……倒不如说……，中间接形容词原级。nomorethan仅仅，只有，有剧烈表示少的意思，相当于only。notmorethan不超过，不多于，顶多，至多，用在数字前面。morethanone...不止一个……，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。[即学即用](1)Kateismorethanateacher.Shealsodoeswhatshecantotakecareofherpupils.凯特不仅仅是位老师，她还尽其所能地照看她的学生。(2)More_thantenpolicementurnedupatthespotwheretheaccidenthappened.十多位警察出现在事故地点。(3)Itismoreastreamthanariver.与其说它是一条河，不如说它是一条小溪。(4)Hiswholeschooleducationaddeduptono_more_thanoneyear.他所受的学校教化加起来总共不超过一年。(5)The_more,_the_better.多多益善。(6)More_and_morepeopleareusingtheInternet.越来越多的人在运用互联网。(7)Shewasmore_than_alittleshakenbytheexperience.这次经验对她产生了极大的震撼。3eq\a\vs4\al(keepaneyeon亲密凝视；照看，照料；留神，留意)(教材P38)Theywerethenabletoplaceguardsattheentrancesofthevarioushutongs,whichmadeiteasiertokeepaneyeonpeople'smovements.之后，他们派卫兵把守着各条胡同的入口，这样做使他们更简单监视人们的举动。haveaneyefor...对……有鉴赏眼光keepone'seyesopenfor...留心……；警觉……keepback阻挡，抵制；扣下；隐瞒keepout使不入内keepup保持，接着，持续keepupwith不落后，赶上keepitup保持优秀成果；接着干下去[即学即用](1)KeepaneyeonmysuitcasewhileIbuymyticket.我买票时，请留神看着我的箱子。(2)TheChinesegovernmentiskeeping_an_eye_oninflation.中国政府在亲密关注通货膨胀。(3)Foodproductionisnotkeeping_up_withpopulation.粮食生产没有跟上人口增长。(4)Neitherofthemistellingthewholetruth.Obviously,theykeepsomethingback.他们两个都没有完全讲实话，明显他们隐瞒了什么。4eq\a\vs4\al(nodoubt无疑；很可能)(教材P38)Theysupportedeachotherwhenhelpwasneededandsharedthejoyandsadnessofeverydaylife,nodoubtsharingrecipes...当须要帮助时，他们相互支持，共同共享生活中的喜悦与苦恼，更不用说共享菜谱……(1)indoubt不确定地；不愿定地beyond/withoutdoubt无疑；确定地(2)Thereisnodoubtthat...毫无疑问……Thereissomedoubtwhether...是否……是有疑问的。留意：在确定句中，doubt后面一般接whether/if引导的宾语从句或whether引导的同位语从句；在否定句或疑问句中，doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句或同位语从句。[即学即用](1)Myroommatescannodoubtrememberhoursspentcleaningthehouse.我的室友们无疑会记起那些打扫房间的时间。(2)There_is_no_doubt_thatthiscandidate'sadvantageliesinhisabilitytocommunicatewithforeignersinEnglish.毫无疑问，这位求职者的优点在于能够用英语与外国人进行沟通。(3)There_is_some_doubt_whetherhewillbeelected.他是否能当选还不太确定。(4)Thefutureofthepeaceisin_doubt.和平前途未卜。(5)Joeiswithout/beyond_doubtoneofthebestplayersintheschool.毫无疑问乔是学校里最优秀的选手之一。5eq\a\vs4\al(datebackto始于，追溯到＝datefrom)(教材P38)TheycanwalkupSanmiaoStreet,whichdatesback900years,wanderdownRongxian—thelongesthutongat2kmorsqueezethroughQianshi—thenarrowestatonly40cmwide!他们可以在900年前修建的三庙街漫步，或徜徉在最长达两千米的绒线胡同，或侧身挤过最窄处只有40厘米的钱市胡同！[即学即用](1)Thechurchdatesfromthe13thcentury.这座教堂可追溯到13世纪。(2)Myfamilyhasanoldvase,whichissaidtodate_back_totheMingDynasty.我家有一个古老的花瓶，据说可追溯到明朝。(3)Wehaven'tgotfurtherinformationto_date.到目前为止，我们尚未获得进一步的消息。(4)Wearegoingtovisitanoldtempledating_from/back_totheHanDynasty.我们准备去参观汉代的一座古庙。(5)Thestyleofhishairisout_of_date,_whichdoesn'tgowithhisfashionableclothes.他的发型过时了，这和他新潮的穿着不匹配。eq\o(\s\up1(1),\s\do5())教材P38Theywerethenabletoplaceguardsattheentrancesofthevarioushutongs，whichmadeiteasiertokeepaneyeonpeople'smovements.之后，他们派卫兵把守着各条胡同的入口，这样做使他们更简单监视人们的举动。本句是一个主从复合句，which引导了非限制性定语从句，指代前面主句的内容；该从句中出现了it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式tokeepaneyeonpeople'smovements。1“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”是一个常用句式。假如make后的宾语是不定式或that从句或动名词，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，这时往往把形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上，把真正的宾语放在后面。2与make这一用法相同的常用动词还有：find，feel，think，consider等。[即学即用](1)Youmayfeelitcomfortabletosithere.你会发觉坐在这里很舒适。(2)Youmaydependonitthatweshallalwayshelpyou.尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。(3)单句语法填空①Doyouthinkitpossibleto_finish(finish)theworkontime?②Weconsideritawasteoftimeandmoneytogoonwiththeproject.eq\o(\s\up1(2),\s\do5())教材P38TheycanalsostopunderastonearchandwatchthehutongworldgobywhileenjoyingaplateofBeijing'sbest“PekingDuck”orsatisfyingtheirthirstwithacoldTsingtaobeer.他们还可以在一座石拱桥下停下来，品尝一盘北京最闻名的“北京烤鸭”或喝上一杯冰爽解渴的青岛啤酒，欣赏着胡同的世界从岁月中消逝。句中whileenjoying...是whiletheyareenjoying...的省略形式。在while，when，if，unless，though，assoonas等引导的状语从句中，若状语从句的主语是it或其主语与主句主语一样，且谓语含有be动词时，从句主语连同be动词可省略。[即学即用](1)While(wewere)visitingtheartexhibition,wediscussedthegreatartists'works.在参观艺术展期间，我们探讨了宏大艺术家的作品。(2)Workhardwhen_(you_are)_young,_oryou'llregret.趁年轻努力工作，否则你会懊悔的。(3)If_(it_is)_necessary,_youcanrefertothedictionary.假如有必要的话，你可以参考词典。(4)单句语法填空①Evenifinvited(invite),Iwon't