必修第一册-Unit-5-2024年高考英语一轮复习重难词汇过关练(人教版2019)VIP

新人教版必修1Unit5一．单词背诵版billion/ˈbɪljən/n十亿native/ˈneɪtɪv/adj出生地的；本地的；土著的n本地人nativelanguage母语，本族语mothertongue母语benativeto...原产于attitude/ˈætɪtju:d;NAmE'ætitu:d/n态度；看法attitudetowards/to...:对...的态度have/takeanattitudeto/towards对……持某种态度apositive/negative/firmattitude积极/消极/坚定的态度altituden海拔高度；高处longitude经度reference/ˈrefrəns/n指称关系；参考refer/rɪˈfɜ:(r)/vi提到；参考；查阅vt查询；叫……求助于(referred,referred;referring)referto...:指的是;描述;提到;查阅refer...to...把……交给……(以求获得帮助)referto...as...:将……称为

……areferencebook参考书；工具书system/ˈsɪstəm/n体系；制度；系统immunesystem免疫系统solarsystem太阳系systematicadj有系统的；有计划的；有条理的civilisation[NAmE-ization]/ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/n文明；文明世界despite/dɪˈspaɪt/prep即使；尽管inspiteof=regardlessof不顾；不管upsanddowns浮沉；兴衰；荣辱happinessandsorrows幸福和悲伤factor/ˈfæktə(r)/n因素；要素fact事实base/beɪs/vt以为据点；以为基础n底部；根据；基础basicadj.基础的；基本的；根本的→basicallyadj.基本上;总的说来bebasedon/upon:以...为基础/根据【联想词】basevt.以……为据点/基础;把（总部等）设在（常用于被动语态）n.底部；根据；基础base..on/upon...以……为基础；以……为根据（被动形式bebasedon/upon...)based/beist/以（某事）为基础的；以……为重要部分（或特征）的datebackto追溯到=datefrom...注意：该结构不用于进行时，也不用于被动语态中，但可以用现在分词形式作定语。谈论现存的某物或建筑时，虽然其可能出现或建造于过去某一时期，但仍用一般现在时。bone/bəʊn/n骨头；骨（质）bonyadj骨瘦如柴的shell/ʃel/n壳；壳状物symbol/ˈsɪmbl/n符号；象征symbolizev代表symbolize,represent,standfor,indicate,emblem,symbolcarve/kɑ:v/vt&vi雕刻dynasty/ˈdɪnəsti;'dai-/王朝；朝代variety/vəˈraɪətɪ/n(植物、语言等的）变体；异体;多样化various[ˈveərɪəs]：adj.不同的;各种各样的→vary[ˈveəri]v.改变,变化avarietyof=varietiesof各种各样的（后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，谓语动词的数根据其所修饰的名词判定）forvariousreason由于种种原因varyfrom…to…从…到…不等major/ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/adj主要的；重要的；大的n主修课程；主修学生vi主修；专门研究minorityn少数nomatterwhere,who,what,etc不论……；不管……“nomatter＋疑问词”结构与“疑问词＋-ever”在用法上的异同：①“nomatter＋疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，这时可以和“疑问词＋-ever”互换。②“疑问词＋-ever”可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。③whenever，wherever，however等只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。dialect/'daɪəlekt/n地方话；方言means/mi:nz/n方式；方法；途径bymeansof:通过……；借助……bythismeans:通过这种方式;用这种方法bynomeans:决不；无论如何都不(放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装)【用法拓展】(1)means作主语且有every，each等表示单数意义的词对其进行修饰时，谓语动词用单数。(2)means作主语且有all，several，many，few等表示复数意义的词对其进行修饰时，谓语动词用复数。classic/ˈklæsɪk/adj传统的；最优秀的；典型的n经典作品；名著firstclass一流的workingclass

工人阶级regard/rɪˈgɑ:d/n尊重；关注vt把视为；看待regard...as...:认为...是...=consider...as...=have/treat/take...as...beregardedas...被认为是……character/'kærəktə(r)/n文字；符号；角色；品质；特点calligraphy/kəˈlɪɡrəfi/n书法；书法艺术global/'gləʊbəl/adj全球的；全世界的globen球体；地球仪；地球globalwarming全球变暖affair/əˈfeə(r)/n公共事务[复数]；事件；关系appreciate/ə'pri:ʃieɪt/vt欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi增值appreciatedoing...:喜欢/感激做...Iwouldappreciateitifyoucoulddosth.如果你能做某事，我将不胜感激。expressone’sappreciationtosb.forsth.因某事表达对某人的感激之情appreciate后接动名词而不可用不定式作宾语，且不能以“人”作宾语。specific/spəˈsɪfɪk/adj特定的；明确的；具体的specialadj特殊的，特别的specialistn专家；专业工作者specializevi专攻；专门从事；专注于specializein=majorin主修struggle/ˈstrʌgl/n斗争；奋斗；努力；难事vi斗争；奋斗；搏斗；努力strugglefor...:为...而努力/拼搏/奋斗struggleagainst/with与……作斗争struggletodo...:努力做...struggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来tongue/tʌŋ/n舌头；语言mothertongue=nativelanguage母语tonguetwister绕口令accent口音pointofview观点；看法fromone’spointofview:依某人的观点/看法inone’sview:依某人的观点/看法=inone’sopinionsemester/sɪˈmestə(r)/n学期term学期gas/ɡæs/n汽油；气体；燃气petrol/'petrəl/n(NAmEgas)汽油subway'sʌbweɪ/n(BrEunderground)地铁apartment/ə'pɑ:tmənt/n（especiallyNAmE）公寓套房（=flat）pants/pænts/n[pl](BrE）beg/beg/vt恳求；祈求；哀求beggar:n.叫花子;乞丐begtodo...:恳求/祈求去做某事begsb.todo...:恳求某人做某事beg(sb)forsth:恳求某人某物equal/'i:kwəl/n同等的人；相等物adj相同的；同样的vt等于;和……相等；比得上equalityn平等Everymaniscreatedequal人生来平等。gap/gæp/n间隔；开口；差距agapyear:间隔年(常指中学毕业后上大学前所休的一年假期,用于实习或旅游)generationgap代沟bridgethegap缩小差距demand/dɪˈmɑ:nd/n要求；需求vt强烈要求；需要vi查问ingreatdemand急需;非常需要meet/satisfyone’sdemands:满足需要demand(ofsb.)todo...:要求(某人)做某事demand(...)+that句子(should结构):要求……做某事(从句用虚拟语气)vocabulary/və'kæbjʊlərɪ;NAmE–leri/n词汇description/dɪˈskrɪpʃn/n描写（文字）；形容describevt描述subscribevi同意；捐赠；订阅vt(签署)文件；捐助relate/rɪˈleɪt/vt联系；讲述relateto...:与…相关;涉及;谈到relateAtoB把A和B联系在一起berelatedto和……有关；和……有联系重点单词短语默写篇一、重点单词变形1．referencen．指称关系；参考→vi.提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；叫……求助于2．basedadj.以(某事)为基础的→vt.以……为基础n．底部；根据→n．基础→adj.基础的3．varietyn．异体；多样化→v．变化；不同→adj.各种各样的4．majoradj.主要的n．主修课程；主修学生vi.主修→n．大多数5．globaladj.全球的；全世界的→n．地球；地球仪6．appreciatevt.欣赏；感激；领会→n．感激；欣赏→adj.感激的7．begvt.恳求；祈求→n．乞丐8．equaln．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的→adv.平等地→n．平等9．demandn．要求；需求vt.强烈要求；需要→adj.要求高的10．descriptionn．描写(文字)；形容→vt.描述11．relatevt.联系；讲述→adj.相关的→n．关系→n．关系二、重点词组写一写1.原产于某地_________________2.指的是；描述；提到；查阅_________________3.尽管…_________________4.以…为基础；_________________5.追溯到_________________6.多种多样的；各种各样的_________________7.主修…学科_________________8.用...办法；借助..._________________9.绝不，无论如何都不_________________10.将…认为；把…视为_________________三．重点单词短语练习篇一、单句语法填空1.(2021·天津卷)After__________(struggle)forquiteawhile,Imadeadifficultdecision—leavingmyjobandstudyingmydesigncoursefulltime.2.(2021·天津卷)Everythingthathappensnextduringtheproceduremustbe__________(relate)tothisstory.3.(2021·全国甲卷)AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,the__________(globe)blackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.4.Mostpeopleagreethatthereisacause­effect__________betweenobesityandunhealthyeating.Inotherwords,yourhealthis__________towhatyoueat.(relate)5.Oneofthemajorproblemsisthata__________(major)ofthegraduateswhomajorinEnglishfinditdifficulttofindagoodjob.6.Allmenarebornequal,soeveryonehopestobetreated__________because__________isthebasicdemand.(equal)7.Itwasachallengingand__________(demand)job,butanyhowwemanagedtohandleitwithjointefforts.LearningEnglishwellisoneofthe__________(demand)ofmodernsocietyandwilldogoodtoourfuturecareer.8.Thereare__________(vary)booksinthebookstoreforustochoosefrom,likehistorybooks,sciencebooks,__________(refer)booksandsoon.9.Asamatteroffact,wisdomandeffortsare__________(equal)importantforsuccess.10.Thepositioncallsfor__________(relate)experienceinthefieldandgoodskillsatusingcomputers.11.Representingourschool,I'mwritingtoconveyour__________(appreciate)toyouforthelectureconcerningbodylanguageyougaveuslastweek.12.Theyhavetohavea__________(base)understandingofcomputersinordertousethetechnology.13.Theharderyouwork,the__________(great)progressyouwillmake.14.Thechurch__________(date)backtothe9thcenturyisasymboloftraditionalculture.15.Thepresidentdemandedthattheenvironmentproblemsreferredto__________(pay)attentionto.16.Thesurvivorofthedisasterwaswalkinginthestreet,__________(beg)forhelp.17.Itwasatime__________womenwerelookeddownuponandhadnorighttoreceiveeducation.18.Thegirl__________(refer)toatthemeetingwasstudyinginafamousuniversity,__________(major)inengineering.二、短语填空upsanddownsdatebacktoplayanimportantroleinbebasedonpointofview1.Despitethe___________________inhislife,MrBrownneverstopslearningnewthings.2.Frommy___________________,itisofgreatimportancetopayattentiontothefeelingsofourselves.3.AsChina___________________globalaffairs,itisofgreatimportanceforustohaveagoodknowledgeofChinese.4.Accordingtotheexpert,thetemplehasahistory___________________theearlyTangDynasty.5.Asweallknow,oursuccess___________________cooperatingwithothers.三、熟词生义①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes._____________②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)“Thiswasthesortofworkthatmadeyouappreciatethedollarsyouearnedandrespectthosewhodidthework.”hetoldme._____________③(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000meters,givingwaytolandsoflowgrowingplants._____________答案核心单词变形1．referencen．指称关系；参考→refervi.提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；叫……求助于2．basedadj.以(某事)为基础的→basevt.以……为基础n．底部；根据→basisn．基础→basicadj.基础的3．varietyn．异体；多样化→varyv．变化；不同→variousadj.各种各样的4．majoradj.主要的n．主修课程；主修学生vi.主修→majorityn．大多数5．globaladj.全球的；全世界的→globen．地球；地球仪6．appreciatevt.欣赏；感激；领会→appreciationn．感激；欣赏→appreciativeadj.感激的7．begvt.恳求；祈求→beggarn．乞丐8．equaln．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的→equallyadv.平等地→equalityn．平等9．demandn．要求；需求vt.强烈要求；需要→demandingadj.要求高的10．descriptionn．描写(文字)；形容→describevt.描述11．relatevt.联系；讲述→relatedadj.相关的→relationn．关系→relationshipn．关系核心词组benativeto...refertodespitethefactthat…bebasedon/upondatebackto...（=datefrom…）avarietyof=varietiesof=variousmajorinbymeansof...bynomeansregard…as…1.(2021·天津卷)Afterstruggling(struggle)forquiteawhile,Imadeadifficultdecision—leavingmyjobandstudyingmydesigncoursefulltime.2.(2021·天津卷)Everythingthathappensnextduringtheproceduremustberelated(relate)tothisstory.3.(2021·全国甲卷)AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobal(globe)blackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.4.Mostpeopleagreethatthereisacause­effectrelationbetweenobesityandunhealthyeating.Inotherwords,yourhealthisrelatedtowhatyoueat.(relate)5.Oneofthemajorproblemsisthatamajority(major)ofthegraduateswhomajorinEnglishfinditdifficulttofindagoodjob.6.Allmenarebornequal,soeveryonehopestobetreatedequallybecauseequalityisthebasicdemand.(equal)7.①Itwasachallenginganddemanding(demand)job,butanyhowwemanagedtohandleitwithjointefforts.LearningEnglishwellisoneofthedemands(demand)ofmodernsocietyandwilldogoodtoourfuturecareer.8.Therearevarious_(vary)booksinthebookstoreforustochoosefrom,likehistorybooks,sciencebooks,reference(refer)booksandsoon.9.Asamatteroffact,wisdomandeffortsareequally(equal)importantforsuccess.10.Thepositioncallsforrelated(relate)experienceinthefieldandgoodskillsatusingcomputers.11.Representingourschool,I'mwritingtoconveyourappreciation(appreciate)toyouforthelectureconcerningbodylanguageyougaveuslastweek.12.Theyhavetohaveabasic(base)understandingofcomputersinordertousethetechnology.13.Theharderyouwork,thegreater(great)progressyouwillmake.14.Thechurchdating(date)backtothe9thcenturyisasymboloftraditionalculture.15.Thepresidentdemandedthattheenvironmentproblemsreferredto(should)_be_paid(pay)attentionto.16.Thesurvivo