专题15-阅读理解-八年级英语下期末专项复习(外研版)

专题15阅读理解（含答案解析）第一部分题型解题技巧一、阅读理解题型介绍阅读理解主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力及材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。阅读理解短文中考主要文体包括应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文，考点包括细节理解、主旨大意、词义猜测、推理判断、观点态度、写作意图、段落大意、标题归纳等。二、阅读理解题型做题技巧一、分门别类识别文体。记叙文阅读主要抓六大要素，时间地点、人物和事件的起因经过和结果。除此之外，还要注意人物之间的关系、表现，再从中分析人物的思想品质、性格特征等。议论文是阐明对人或事的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理从而得出结论。应用文能站近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、中清书、个人简历等，形式多样，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。二、统览全篇摘录要点阅读理解是对整前文章的目的、意园、观点、立场、志度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接获取的，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。抽录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。三、开动脑筋推测词义初中英语教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料。换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为，可以借助以下几种方法完成内化过程:(1)根据上下文猜测调义。(2)根据构词法猜测词义。前缓un-表反义词，如happy-unhappy;fairunfair;important-unimportant等。缀-ment表名词，如developdevelopment;statestatement;argue-argument等。后最-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate-calculator;visit-visitor;law-lawyer;art-artist等。四、用知识和生活经验理解短文如根据化学知识，可以理解Walterismadefromoxygenandhydrogen;根据生活经验可以理解Greenplantsletoutoxygenandbreatheincarbondioxide.还有一种方法是根据逻辑推理理解短文。逆细推理实际上就是文章的弦外之音”“言下之意”。五、条分缕析理解长旬物型，相生间选理制的对点之一，长句中酒常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次先批出包句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句短语等经过分析，化整为零，化默为简，此句就不难理解了。第二部分阅读理解专项训练阅读理解01Therearemanywaystohelpimproveyourhealth,likeeatinghealthyfood,exercisingandgettingmedicalhelp.Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.Thegeneralsleepingisthattheyoungeryouare,thelongersleepyouneed.Butsomepeopleneedtosleepmorewhileitisenoughforsomepeopletosleepforafewhours.Theproblemwithsleepisthatmoreandmorepeopleintheworldarenotsleepingenough.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,overhalfthepeopleintheworldmaybesleep-deprived.Havinglesssleepnotonlymakespeoplefeeltiredbutalsocausesaccidents.IntheUnitedStatesalone,sleepydriverscauseatleast100,000trafficaccidentsayear.Also,sleepproblemscancausemedicalproblemssuchashighbloodpressure(高血压).Whyaresomanypeoplesleep-deprived?Partofthereasonsmaybecultural.InAmericanculture,peopleputahighervalue(价值)onworkthanonsleep.Infact,peoplewhosleepalotareusuallyseenas“lazy”.Also,youcansometimeshearsomepeoplesayproudlythattheydon’thavemuchtimetosleep,andtheyonlysleepfourorfivehoursatnight.Itseemsthatthelessyousleep,themoreworkyou’lldo.Howdoweteachthesepeopletolearnthevalueofsleep?PerhapstheymaylistentotheadviceofDr.JamesMaas,anexpert(专家)insleep.Hesays,“Sleepislikeacreditcard(信用卡).Whenyousleepless,youareonlyborrowingtime.Youalwayshavetopayitback.Themorehoursyoudon’tsleep,themorehoursyoushouldsleepto‘payback’thehoursonyoursleepcreditcard.”Forthosewhovalueworkmorethansleep,theyshouldlistentowhatafamouspersononcesaid,“Don’tthinkyouwillbedoinglessworkbecauseyousleepduringthenight.Thatisafoolishideawhichisheldbypeoplewhohavenoimagination.Youwillbeabletodomore.”1．Thewriterthinkstheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimprovehealthisto________.A．eatmuchhealthyfoodeveryday B．takeexerciseasmuchaspossibleC．getmedicalhelpwhenevernecessary D．sleepeighthoursormoreeverynight2．Theunderlinedword“sleep-deprived”inParagraph2means________.A．sleepingenough B．havinglesssleepC．caringaboutsleephealth D．avoidinggettingill3．AccordingtoDr.JamesMaasinParagraph4,sleepislike________.A．anaccident B．areport C．acreditcard D．anexpert4．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．TheValueofSleep B．TheExperimentsofSleepC．TheReasonofSleep D．TheCultureofSleep阅读理解02Somepeoplehavefuncollectingrocks.Collectingrocksiseasy—youjustpickuparock!Buthereareafewideastogetyoustartedonyourrockcollection.WhichrockstocollectYoucancollectrocksaccordingtocolor,shape,qualityoranythingthatyoufindinteresting.Manyrockcollectorstrytocollectalltheconnectedrocksfromtheareawheretheylive.Otherslookforunusualrocksfromplacestheyvisit.WheretofindrocksYourrockcollectioncanstartwithrocksyoufindinyourownbackyardorneighborhood.Lookforrocksinriverbedsorareasoferosion(侵蚀)whereyoucanoftenfindunusualrocks.Interestingrockscanalsobefoundinplaceswherehumanshavecutintotheearth,likeroadcutsandconstructionsites.CleaningandshowingyourrocksAsyoucollectrocks,it’sagoodideatokeeparecordofwhenandwhereyoufoundit.Youcanmakeasignwithapieceoftapeandputittoyourrock.Recordthefactofyourfindinafieldnotebook.Youcanputrocksintoeggboxesorshoeboxes.Ifyouwanttoshowyourrocks,tryanartisticglassbottle.HowtofindmoreinformationManycitieshaverockclubsthatofferusefulclasses.Localrockshowsalsoofferhelpfulinformationaboutrocksandyoucanbuyorsellrocksthere.What’smore,manynaturalhistorymuseumshaveexhibitionswhereyoucanknowmoreaboutrocks.5．Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Totellushowtostartcollectingrocks.B．Tointroduceusaspecialkindofrocks.C．Togiveussomeinformationaboutrocks.D．Toshowuswherewecanbuyorsellrocks.6．Whatdoesthewritersuggestifyouwanttoshowyourrocks?A．Joinarockclub. B．Tryanexpensivevase.C．Takeanewmetalbox. D．Useanartisticglassbottle.7．Accordingtothelastparagraph,wecanfindmoreinformationaboutrocks__________.A．intwoways B．inthreeways C．infourways D．infiveways阅读理解03WhenIwasakid,Igotinterestedinastronomy(天文学),IoftenwatchednorthernlightsinmyhometowninLapland.Iusedtowonderhowbigtheuniversemightbeandwhatare“behind”thestars.ButasIgrewupandfinallywenttocollege,Ihardlyhadanytimetodevelopmyhobbybecauseoftoomuchhomework.Itwasin2009thatIrediscoveredastronomy.IfoundanastronomymagazineinalibraryandimmediatelyIgotinterestedinastronomyagain.WhenIstartreadingastronomybooksandmagazines,Istartfindingouthowmanyinterestingthingsthereareoutsidetheplanet.IrealizethattheinformationIamreading,hearingandwatchingopensadoortoahugeworldofinterestingthings.However,Idonothavemuchtimeformyhobbies.ManytimesIwouldliketoobserveanobjectinthenightsky,butIamworkingorIhavetolookaftermykids.SoIsharemyhobbieswithmykids.Iencouragethemtoobservethestarstogetherwithme.Ireadkids’astronomybooksforthemandtellthemaboutthemoon,stars,thesunandmanyotherinterestingthings.Weallfinditinterestingatthesametime.IenjoyastronomyasahobbyandIhopeotherparentslikemecanreadbooksandmagazinesaboutit.Justimaginethatyouandyourfamilysittogetherwatchingthestarsandtalkinginthegardenonasummernight!Howcoolitwillbe!根据材料内容选择最佳答案。8．Thewritergotinterestedinastronomywhen________.A．shegrewup B．shewasachild C．shegotmarried9．Thewriterhadtogiveupherhobbybecause________.A．shewenttocollege B．shedidn’tlikeitanymore C．shehadtoomuchhomeworktodo10．Wecanknowfromthepassagethat________.A．thewriterwasmarriedwhenshetookherhobbyforthesecondtimeB．thewriterhaswrittenmanyarticlesaboutastronomysince2009C．thewriterhasalotoftimeforherhobbies11．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?A．发现 B．重新发现 C．再次喜欢12．Thewriterwantsto________inthelastparagraph.A．advisereaderstowatchtheskyatnightB．showtheimportanceofbooksandmagazinesC．encourage peopletodevelopahobbyinastronomy阅读理解04FilmsinUMECinemathisweekName:IPMan4(《叶问4》)Director(导演):YeWeixinMainactor:ZhenZidan,WuYueTime:FromMondaytoWednesdayat8:00p.m.Type:ActionTicketprice:¥50Name:FrozenII(《冰雪奇缘2》)Director:ChrisBuck,JenniferLeeMainactor:KristenBell,IdinaMenzel,JoshGadTime:FromFridaytoSundayat7:30p.m.Type:CartoonTicketprice:¥30(HalfonSundayforchildren)Name:TheFoundingofAnArmy(《建军大业》)Director:LiuWeiqiangMainactor:LiuYe,ZhuYawenTime:FromWednesdaytoFridayat8:00p.m.Type:HistoryTicketprice:¥40Name:StarsWars:EpisodeIX(《星球大战：天行者崛起》)Director:J.J.AbramsMainactor:DaisyRidley,KyloRen,PoeDameronTime:FromTuesdaytoThursdayat8:00p.m.Type:SciencefictionTicketprice:¥4513．HowmanyfilmsareputononWednesday?.A．Four B．Three C．Two D．One14．ThedirectorofIPMan4is.A．YeWeixin B．ChrisBuck C．LiuWeiqiang D．J.J.Abrams15．Mrs.GreenwantstowatchFrozenIIwithherten-year-oldsononSunday.Sheshouldpay.A．30yuan B．35yuan C．40yuan D．45yuan16．Whichofthefilmsisabouthistory?.A．IPMan4 B．FrozenII C．TheFoundingofAnArmy D．StarsWars:EpisodeIX17．Threemainactorsarementionedinthefilms.A．IPMan4andTheFoundingofAnArmy B．IPMan4andFrozenIIC．FrozenIIandStarsWars:EpisodeIX D．TheFoundingofAnArmyandStarsWars:EpisodeIX阅读理解05Peopleallovertheworldenjoysports,becausesportscanhelpthemkeephealthyandlivelong.Somesportsorgamesgobackto(追溯到)thousandsofyears,likerunningorjumping.Chineseboxing,forexample,hasaverylonghistory.Butbasketballandvolleyballareverynew.Peopleareinventingnewsportsorgamesallthetime.Manypeopleliketowatchothersplaysportsorgames.Theydon’tplaythemselves.TheybuyticketsorturnontheirTVstowatchthegames.Oftentheygetveryexcitedandhappywhentheirfavoriteplayerorteamwinsthematch.Peopleplaydifferentsportsindifferentseasons.Swimmingisfuninwarmweather,butskatingisagoodchoiceinwinter.Somesportsaresointerestingthatpeopleeverywhereenjoythem.Forexample,millionsofpeopleinmorethan200countriesplaybasketball.Peoplecanplayitinparks,schools,orfac-tories.WhatfunitistowatchanNBAmatch!根据文章内容，判断下列句子的正确（T）与错误（F）。18．Sportscanhelppeoplekeephealthy.19．Basketballhasaverylonghistory.20．ManypeoplebuyticketsorturnontheirTVstowatchthegames.21．Peopleplaythesamesportsindifferentseasons.22．Itisverycommontoplaybasketballinlotsofcountries.阅读理解06Theoldnameforfilmswas"movingpictures".InAmericatheystillcallthem"movies"andtheysay"Shallwegotothemovies?"whenwesay"Shallwegotothecinema?"Aboyoncesaidtohisfriend,"Doyoulikemovingpictures?"Thefriendthoughtthathewasgoingtoinvitehimtogotothecinema,sohesaid,"Yes,please.Ilikemovingpicturesverymuch.""Good,"saidthefirstboy."Myfatherhasapictureshop.Hesellspictures.ThiseveningImustmovefiftyheavyboxesofpicturesfromoneplacetoanother.Youlikemovingpictures,soI'msureyouwillenjoymovingthepictureswithme."23．Inoldtimespeoplecalledfilm"movingpictures".________24．Whentheyasktheirfriendstogotoseeafilmwiththem,theAmericanpeoplewillsay,"Shallwegotothemovies?"________25．Onceaboyaskedhisfriendtomovesomeheavyboxesofpicturesfromoneroomtoanotherforhim.________26．Hisfriendlikedpicturesverymuch.________27．Hisfrienddidn'tunderstandhimwhenheasked,"Doyoulikemovingpictures?"________参考答案阅读理解011-4．DBCA短文大意本文介绍了睡眠的价值。文章介绍了有很多方法可以帮助改善你的健康，但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或更长时间。世界上越来越多的人睡眠不足。睡眠不足不仅使人感到疲劳，而且还会造成事故。文化是造成睡眠不足的原因之一。我们如何教这些人学习睡眠的价值？睡眠专家告诉我们：“睡眠就像信用卡。当你睡眠不足时。你只是在借用时间。你总是要还钱。你不睡觉的时间越多，“偿还”你“睡眠信用卡”上的时间就越多。”解析1．细节理解题。根据“Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.”可知，但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或更长时间。故选D。2．词句猜测题。句子“AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganizationoverhalfthepeopleintheworldmaybesleep-deprived.”根据世界卫生组织的数据，世界上一半以上的人可能睡眠不足。因此sleep-deprived的意思是：睡眠不足。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据“Sleepislikeacredit(信用卡)card.”可知，睡眠就像信用卡。故选C。4．最佳标题。根据“Therearemanywaystohelpimproveyourhealthlikeeatinghealthyfood.Takingexerciseandgettingmedicalhelp.Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.”可知有很多方法可以帮助改善你的健康，比如吃健康食品。进行锻炼并获得医疗帮助。但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或更长时间。以及倒数第二段开头第一句话，可知我们如何教这些人学习睡眠的价值？可推测出，本文主要介绍了睡眠的价值。因此最好的题目是睡眠的价值，故选A。阅读理解025-7．ADB短文大意文章为石头收集爱好者介绍一些入门知识：根据颜色、形状、品质等收集石头，在河床、建筑工地等处寻找石头，及时为所收集的石头分门别类，去相关场所了解更多关于石头的信息。解析5．主旨大意题。根据“Somepeoplehavefuncollectingrocks.Collectingrocksiseasy—youjustpickuparock!Buthereareafewideastogetyoustartedonyourrockcollection.”及整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是为石头收集爱好者介绍一些入门知识，告诉人们应该如何收集石头，故选A。6．细节理解题。根据“Ifyouwanttoshowyourrocks,tryanartisticglassbottle.”可知，如果你想展示你的岩石，可以尝试用有艺术美感的玻璃瓶。故选D。7．细节理解题。根据“Manycitieshaverockclubs…Localrockshowsalsoofferhelpfulinformationaboutrocks…manynaturalhistorymuseumshaveexhibitions…”可知，可以在三个地方发现更多关于石头的信息，故选B。阅读理解038-12．BCABC短文大意本文是一篇记叙文，作者从小喜欢天文学，并讲述了自己重拾这一兴趣爱好的故事。解析8．细节理解题。根据原文“WhenIwasakid,Igotinterestedinastronomy”可知，作者还是个孩子的时候，便对天文学产生了兴趣。故选B。9．细节理解题。根据原文“Ihardlyhadanytimetodevelopmyhobbybecauseoftoomuchhomework”可知，因为要做的作业太多了，作者不得不放弃了自己的爱好。故选C。10．推理判断题。根据原文“ManytimesIwouldliketoobserveanobjectinthenightsky,butIamworkingorIhavetolookaftermykids”可知，当作者重新拾起自己的爱好时，她已经结婚生子了。故选A。11．词句猜测题。根据上文“WhenIwasakid,Igotinterestedinastronomy”可知，作者很小的时候便喜欢上了天文学，但是后来因为学业太忙不得不放弃了，到了2009年，她又重新发现了天文学的美妙。故单词“rediscovered”有“重新发现”之意。故选B。12．推理判断题。根据原文“IenjoyastronomyasahobbyandIhopeotherparentslikemecanreadbooksandmagazinesaboutit”可知，作者希望其他家长也能发展出像她一样的关于天文学方面的爱好。故选C。阅读理解0413-17．BADCC短文大意短文讲了四部电影，详细地介绍了它们的导演、放映