The-world-of-science-第2课时-Using-language(学生版)

2019外研版必修三Unit3Theworldofscience3.2Usinglanguage目标导航目标导航重点词汇和词转____________adj.重要的，影响深远的→____________n.重要injurevt.受伤→____________n.受伤，伤口→____________adj.受伤的3.____________n.精确→accurateadj.精确的4.____________n.少数→minoradj.小的5.originn.起源→____________adj.起初的6.mentaladj.精神的，心理的→____________adv.心理上7.____________n.物种8.____________streamn.小河，小溪9.extraordinaryadj.____________10.____________n.学说，理论11.brilliantadj.____________12.____________n.药剂，疗法重点词组1.forinstance____________2.passivevoice____________3.____________受伤4.____________少数5____________大多数6.naturalselection____________7.fieldresearch____________8.____________心理健康9.____________治愈某人的病10.____________在理论上重点语法现在完成时的被动语态Thisevening,I’llbetalkingtoDrRichardFairhurst,whosenewbookTheNewAgeofInventionhasjustbeenpublished.Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.Inaddition,importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineandenvironmentalsciencethankstoincreasingcomputerpower.Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.NothinglikethishavebeeninventedyetandI’dsaywe’realongwayfromaninventionlikethatatthemoment!知识精讲知识精讲现在完成时的被动语态课文原句感知：Thisevening,I’llbetalkingtoDrRichardFairhurst,whosenewbookTheNewAgeofInventionhasjustbeenpublished.Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.Inaddition,importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineandenvironmentalsciencethankstoincreasingcomputerpower.Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.NothinglikethishavebeeninventedyetandI’dsaywe’realongwayfromaninventionlikethatatthemoment!考点精讲：现在完成时的被动语态强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,但主语为动作的承受者,表示“……已经被……”。现在完成时被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合,即“have/hasbeendone”。一、现在完成时态的被动语态的具体构成:1.现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式:have/hasbeendone。2.完成时的被动语态的否定式:have/hasnotbeendone。3.现在完成时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将have/has提到主语的前面,即Have/Has+主语+beendone。4.现在完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/hasbeendone。*(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeenpoorlystudied.由于对全球北极熊种群的研究不足,因此很难确定其数量。*Theyhavebeentoldmanytimesnottomakenoises.他们被多次告知不要喧哗。*Hashisbikebeenrepaired?他的自行车修好了吗?*Whohasbeeninvited?谁受到了邀请?【即学即练】(1)Theexperiment_____________successfully.这个实验做得很成功。(2)Thebooks______________________bythestudents.那些书还没有被学生们借走。(3)____thesportsmeeting___________untilnextFriday?运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗? (4)Soeventheolivewreath________________.就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了。二、现在完成时态的被动语态的用法:1.现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,通常与already,yet,just,never,recently等副词连用。*Theroomhasalreadybeencleaned.房间已经被清扫干净了。(意为“已不用清扫办公室了”)*Thedoctorhasn’tbeensentforyet.还没有派人去请医生。(意为“应派人去请医生”)*Theofficehasjustbeencleaned.办公室刚被打扫过。(意为“已不用清扫房间了”)*Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.这样的事以前从未听说过。(意为“现在才听说”)2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去,常与for或since等引导的时间状语连用,或用于Howlong...?句型中。*Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.这台机器已修了两小时了。*(全国卷Ⅰ)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s.追踪北极熊数量的现代方法自从20世纪80年代中期才被采用。*Howlonghastheprojectbeencarriedout?这项工程已被实施多长时间了?【即学即练】(1)ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureontheWesternculture,butwhenandwhere__________________yet.詹姆斯教授将要给我们作西方文化的演讲,但是时间和地点还没有决定。(2)Thewatch___just________________________.这只手表刚刚被清理和修理过。(3)_____theletters___________?信已经寄出去了吗?(4)______________themachine_____________?这个机器被修了多长时间了?注意：使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题:1.现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词,即have/has和been,两者缺一不可。2.现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别:一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候,其结果对现在没有影响;而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。*Thehousewasbuiltlastyear.这房子是去年建造的。*Thehousehasbeenbuilt.这房子已经建好了。3.由finish,buy,start,begin,post,return,borrow,join,marry,open等非延续性动词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如forfourdays,howlong等连用,而要改换动词或时态。但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程,具有延续性,因而可与since或for引导的时间段连用。例如：*这本书买了多久了?误:Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?正:Howlongagowasthisbookbought?*Nobookshavebeenboughtsincelastweek.自上周以来,没有人来买过书。【即学即练】语法填空(1)Thebridge________(build)lastyear.

(2)Thecase_____________(try)recently.

(3)Greatchanges__________(take)placeinmyhometown.

(4)Sofar,manyvillages_______________(visit)

答案：wasbuilthasbeentriedhavetakenhavebeenvisited巩固练习巩固练习单句填空1.We'reconfidentthattheenvironment_______________________(improve)byourfurthereffortstoreducepollution.2.It________________________(decide)thatwewillgettrainedintheschoolgym.3.Tomydelight,I_______________________(choose)fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.4.Muchofthedebatesofar________________________(focus)onthesafetydriver-lesscars.5.Uptonowmoreandmorehigh-risebuildings_______________________(build)inbigcitiesforlackofspace.6.Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar________________________(repair).7.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho_______________________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.8.Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe_______________________(follow).9.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms________________________(produce)allovertheworld.10.Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylines_________________________(complete)bynow.11.Manynewbridges_________________(built)since2010.

12.Ourclassroom_________________(clean);youneedn’tcleanitnow.

13.Allpossiblemeans_________________(try),butnothingcanpreventthebuildingsfrombeingpulleddown.

14.Manyanewmeasure_________________(put)forwardtoreduceairpollutionsofar.

15.Theconstructionofthetworailwaylines_________________(complete)bynow.

二、把下列句子改成被动语态1.Haveyouconfirmedtomorrow'smeeting?_________________________________________________________________________________________Hehaspressedthestartbuttonandthewashingmachineisworking._________________________________________________________________________________________Anunknownvirushasjustattackedmycomputer._________________________________________________________________________________________Thecompanyhasdonateditscomputerstoalocalschool._________________________________________________________________________________________Thescientistshavedevelopedakindofintelligentrobot._________________________________________________________________________________________能力提升能力提升三、单句语法填空1.ProfessorWilliamskeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuture_____________________(belong)tothewell-educated.2.(2019・天津卷改编)Amy,aswellasherbrothers,_____________________(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.3.Everypossiblemeans______________________(try)tostopthebadbehavior,buttheydon'tworkatall.4.Overthepasttenyears,thistown____________________(hit)byearthquakes.5.Allthepreparationsforthetask_____________________(complete),andwearereadytostart.6.-Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?-Becauselargequantitiesofwater_____________________(pollute).7.Lindamakessurethetables_____________________(set)beforetheguestsarrive.8.Inthepastfiveyears,agreatmanytrees______________________(plant)aroundmyvillage.9.-Themachineisworkingagain!-Yes,itbrokedownyesterday,butit_______________________(fix).10.Greatchanges______________________(take)placeinmyhometownsince2000.四、用被动语态翻译句子1.窗户已经好几周没擦了。(clean)_________________________________________________________________________________________到目前为止已经确认了名单。(confirm)_________________________________________________________________________________________我的个人信息还没有更新。(update)_________________________________________________________________________________________在过去的一年里,我受到激励去买了电子书。(inspire)_________________________________________________________________________________________这个应用程序已经用了好几次了。(use)_________________________________________________________________________________________语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Nowadays,everyfamilyproduceselectronicrubbish(e-rubbish)—61oldTVorcomputerprinter,oranout-of-datemobilephonewenolongerneed.Butwhenwethrowtheseeverydaythingsaway,notmanyof62(we)knowwheretheseobjectsgo.Thereporter,PeterEssick,decided63(follow)thise-rubbishtoseveraldifferentcountriesaroundtheworld.Later,Essickfoundalotofe-rubbishhadgonetoGhana,64hesawmountainsofoldcomputers.Inthelocalmarkets,he65(discover)thesellersresellsomeofthecomputers,andofcoursemostofthemdon’twork.Theyrecyclethebrokencomputersbymelting(融化)thepartsinside.Thesepartshavealittlemetalsuchascopperorevengoldsometimes.However,thisprocessof66(recycle)isdangerousfortheworkersbecauseitproducesalotofpoisonouschemicals.Asaresultofhisjourney,PeterEssickthinksitisimportanttostopexportinge-rubbish.Itis67(harm)totheenvironmentanditisbadfor68(people)health.PeterEssickbelievesfactoriesneedtoproducemoreeco-friendlyelectronicsinthefuture.69otherwords,theyshouldproduceelectronicproductswhichpeoplecanrecycle70(cheap)andinthecountrywheretheyweremade.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheJapanesebranchoftheChineseLiteratureReaders'ClubwasestablishedattheChinaCulturalCenterinTokyo__61__September,2022.TheeventhadChinesesci-fiwritersWangJinkang,BaoShu,andQiYue,alongsideJapanesesci-fiwriterTaiyoFujiiandNozomiOomori,theJ