答案（第二版）国际商贸英语

国际商贸英语（答案）（第2版）Chapter1Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.自给自足(self-sufficient)经济资源(economicresource)直接出口(directexport)批发(wholesale)海外市场(overseasmarket）间接进口(indirectimport)比较优势理论(thetheoryofcomparativeadvantage)制成品(finishedgoods)可供出口的产品(productsavailableforexport)关税(tariff)Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.visibletrade(有形贸易)directimport（直接进口）invisibletrade（无形贸易）indirectexport（间接出口）exportagent（出口代理）foreignmanufacturing（国外制造）retailing（零售）rawmaterial（原材料）consumerproducts（消费品）quota（配额）Chapter2Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.发盘（offer）可撤消的（revocable）仲裁（arbitration）商务谈判（businessnegotiation）虚盘（offerwithoutengagement/non-firmoffer）失效（invalid/lapse）实盘（offerwithengagement/firmoffer）合同（contract）撤回（revoke/withdraw）发盘人（offeror/offerer）Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.acceptance（接受）specifications（规格）document（单证）expirydate（到期日）procedure（程序）confirmation(确认)subjecttopriorsale（按原价）salesconfirmation（成交确认书）MT（公吨）transaction（交易）Chapter3Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.国际商会（InternationalChamberofCommerce）指定地点（namedplace）出口清关（clearthegoodsforexport）交货地点（placeofdelivery）承运人（carrier）由……付款（fortheaccountof…）保险范围（insurancecoverage）承担（bear/undertake）增值税（valueaddedtax/VAT）集装箱（container）Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.CIP（运费、保险费付至…）FCA（货交承运人）CPT（运费付至…）EXW（工厂交货）CFR（成本加运费）FAS（船边交货）CIF（成本加保险费，运费）DAP（在指定目的地交货）FOB（装运港船上交货）DAT（在指定目的地或目的港集散站交货）Chapter4Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglishRegisteredcapitalLiquidcapitalTradedirections OverseasChamberofCommercePubliccorporation(state-operatedcorporation) FinancialaffairsPricelist(P/L) BusinesstrustworthinessⅡ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese中华人民共和国商务部 保兑行经营范围联络办公室海外商会注册资本信用地位（股份）有限公司Ⅲ.AnswerthefollowingquestionsWhatisthesignificanceofestablishingbusinessrelations?Toestablishbusinessrelationsistochooseprospectivepartners.Forboththestart-upandoldfirms,withthedesiretoexpanditsbusinessscopeandturnover,establishingbusinessrelationsistheinitialstepandalsoavitallyimportantundertakinginthefieldofforeigntrade.Ifrightpartnersaredeveloped,newbusinesseswillbestartedandenhanced,orelsegreatlosseswillbeincurred.Whatchannelscanweusetoobtainthenamesandaddressesofthecorporationsthatwewanttodobusinesswith?Generalinformationaboutthetargetcompanycanbeobtainedfromthefollowingchannels:Self-introductionorintroductionfromhisbusinessconnections;Fromforeigntradecorporationsinthesameline;Bankswithparticularinterestinthisterritory;ChambersofCommerceathomeandabroad;TheEconomicandCommercialCounselor’sOfficeoftheEmbassyofthePeople'sRepublicofChinainforeigncountries;FromMOFCOM(MinistryofCommerceofthePeople'sRepublicofChina)anditsprovincialcommittees;Yourbranchofficesabroad;Tradedirectories;Fairs,exhibitionsandexpositionheldbothathomeandabroad;Publications,likePublicCommerceInformationService,publishedbytheMinistryofCommerce,P.R.China;Advertisementsinnewspapers,magazinesoronTV;TheInternet;Whataretheguidelinesinwritingbusinessletters?Theletterofestablishingbusinessrelationsisbasedonequalityandmutualbenefitsandthewritingpurposeistoobtainthegoodimpression.Onconsideringthat,thelettershouldbewritteninasincere,cordialandconsideratetone.Herearesomeguidelines:Thelettershouldbesimple,clearandnottoolong.Trytoavoidgrammaticalerrors.Theinformationyouofferinthelettershouldbeconcreteandcredible.Theformatandlayoutshouldbestandardizedandprintedneatly.Whatarethestepsforlettersrequestingforestablishmentofbusinessrelations?Beginyourletterbytellingtheprospectivecustomershowandwheretheirnamesandaddressesareknown;Stateclearlyyourdesireofestablishingbusinessrelations;Providenecessarygeneralinformationaboutbothcompanies,suchasthebusinesslines,theitemsyouareengagedin,thebranchesandliaisonoffices,yourtrustworthinessandcreditstatus,evenyourfirm'sfinancialpositionandmanagementcapability;Expressyourexpectations.Forinstance,whenimportingproducts,putforthyourrequirementsandaskthemtosendyousamples,pricelists,catalogs,etc.5.Whatarethestepsforlettersinreplyingtobusinessletters?Severalstepscanbefollowedtoreplytothebusinessletters:Expressyourthanksfortheincomingletterorstatingyourletter-replyingpurpose;Expressyouragreement/desire/wish;Indicatetheactionyouaregoingtotake.Chapter5Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.出票人（drawer）受票人（drawee）承兑人（acceptor）跟单汇票（documentarybill）银行汇票（banker’draft）提示（presentment）特定背书（specialendorsement）银行承兑汇票（banker’acceptancedraft）远期汇票（timebill/usancebill）空白背书（blankendorsement）Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.sightbill（即期汇票）commercialbill（商业汇票）noticeofdishonor（拒付通知书）recourse（追索）protest（拒付证书）commercialacceptancebill（商业承兑汇票）conditionalendorsement（条件背书）tenor（期限）Chapter6Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.本票（promissorynote）无条件承诺（unconditionalundertaking）止付（countermandofpayment）第一性责任（primaryresponsibility）不正当退票（wrongfuldishonor）银行汇票（banker’draft）Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.payableondemand（即期付款）ante-dated（倒签）post-dated（填迟日期）creditworthiness（好信誉）periodofpayment（付款期）adualliability（双重责任）Chapter7Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.汇付(remittance)汇出行(remittingbank)汇入行(payingbank)收款人(payee)交货付现(cashondelivery)记账交易(openaccount)密押电码(testkey)预付款(paymentinadvance)Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.debtor（债务人）reverseremittance（逆汇）outwardremittance（出口汇付）inwardremittance（进口汇付）remitter（付款人）M/T（信汇）T/T（电汇）D/D（票汇）Chapter8Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.托收行(remittingbank)代收行(collectingbank)提示行(presentingbank)托收统一规则(UniformRulesforCollection)出口托收(outwardcollection)进口托收(inwardcollection)国际商会(InternationalChamberofCommerce)光票托收(cleancollection)跟单托收(documentarycollection)付款交单(D/P)出票人(drawer)受票人(drawee)Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.T/R（信托收据）D/A（承兑交单）collectionorder（托收指示）nostroaccount（往帐）vostroaccount（来账）accommodation（融通）negotiation（议付）principal（委托人）BillsofExchangeAct（票据法）D/P、T/R（付款交单凭信托收据借货）Chapter9Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.信用状况（creditstate）远期信用证（timeL/C）通知银行（advisingbank）信用证有效期（thevalidityofL/C）议付行（negotiatingbank）

偿付

（repay/payoff）可转让信用证（transferableL/C）

背对背信用证（back–to-backL/C）预支信用证（anticipatoryL/C）付款银行

（payingbank）Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.irrevocableL/C(不可撤消信用证)stand-byL/C(备用信用证)confirmedL/C(保兑信用证)reciprocalL/C(对开信用证)middleman(中间人)

transmittingbank（转让行）revolvingL/C(循环信用证)

beneficiary(受益人)instrument(票据)

applicant（信用证申请人）Chapter10Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.仲裁人（arbitrator）退还(reimbursement)支出(outlay)期满(expire)票面价值(facevalue）保函(bond)受益人(beneficiary)担保人(guarantor)委托人(principal/applicant)投标(bid)Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.guarantorbank（担保银行）confirmingbank（保兑银行）tenderbond（投标保函）advancepaymentbond（还款保函）retentionbond（保留金保函）advisingbank（通知银行）ondemandbond（无条件保函）performancebond（履约保函）paymentbond（付款保函）contractor（承包商）Chapter11Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.物权凭证(title)承运人(carrier)被通知人(notifyparty)清洁提单(cleanB/L)班轮提单(linerB/L)直运提单(straightB/L)全式提单(longformB/L)快邮收据/邮包收据(courierreceipt/postparcelreceipt)Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.billoflading（提单）airwaybill（航空运单）shipper（托运人）railwaybill（铁路运单）seawaybill（海运单）orderB/L（指示提单）roadwaybill（公路运单） shippingmarks（唛头）Chapter12Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.投保人（theinsured）

共同海损（generalaverage）外来风险（extraneousrisks）

意外事故（fortuitousaccident）保险费（insurancepremium）

陆运险（overlandtransportationrisks）承保人（theinsurer）

海上风险（marinerisk）投保金额（amountinsured）

保险单

（insurancepolicy）Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.odor(串味)

warrisks(战争险)

basicriskscoverage（基本险别）oceanmarineinsurance(海险)insuredamount(投保金额)T.L.O.(全损险)freshwaterand/orraindamage(水渍险和雨淋险)insurancecertificate

(保险凭证)insurancepolicy(保险单)

freefromparticularaverage(平安险)Chapter13Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglishMate'sreceiptIdentificationmarkShippingadviceClosingdateAcombinedbillofladingShipmentclauseThecontainerdepotsShippingInstructionsTrain-AirtransportationserviceShipper/ConsignerⅡ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese理货员预定货舱含糊不清的标记多式联运运货合同装货经纪人中国外运（集团）总公司分配舱位换取运费运货代理/运货公司Ⅲ.Answerthefollowingquestions1.WhatislogisticsaccordingtoSocietyofLogisticsEngineers?Whatmightbeotherversionsofitsdefinition?AccordingtoSocietyofLogisticsEngineers,logisticsistheartandscienceofmanagement,engineeringandtechnicalactivitiesconcernedwithrequirements,designandsupplying,maintainingresourcestosupportobjectives,plansandoperation.OtherversionofLogistics’definitionmightbethatlogisticsisgenerallythedetailedorganizationandimplementationofacomplexoperation.Inageneralbusinesssense,logisticsisthemanagementoftheflowofthingsbetweenthepointoforiginandthepointofconsumptioninordertomeetrequirementsofcustomersorcorporations.2.Whataretheelementsconcernedtologistics?Theelementsconcernedtologisticsinclude:Transportation,Documentation,Customs,PaymentofCharges,PackingandWarehousing,Insurance,Security,Consolidation,GroupageandSpecialServices,CommunicationandIncoterms.3.Whendoestheshipowner’sresponsibilityforthegoodscease?Theshipowner'sresponsibilityforthegoodsceaseswhenthegoodsaredeliveredintothephysicalcustodyoftheconsigneeorappropriatedockcompanyorwarehouses.4.Whatfactorsareinvolvedinshipmentclause?TheShipmentClauseisanintegralandimportantpartofacontractsignedbetweenbuyersandsellers.Itinvolvesthetimeofshipment,theportsofloadinganddestination,meansofconveyance,theshippingdocuments,etc.5.Whatkindsoftransportdocumentsthatmaybeusedininternationallogistics?Thetransportdocumentsthatmaybeusedininternationallogisticsinclude:BillofLading,AirWaybill,RoadConsignmentNote,OfficialDocuments,CommercialDocuments.Chapter14=1\*ROMANI.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish选择税:Alternativeduty法定重量:legalweight从量税:Specificduty免税:duty-free关税:tariff/duty中国进出口商品检验局:ChinaImportandExportCommodityInspectionBureau海关手续:CustomsFormalities装载:stowage混合税:Compoundduty中国进出口商品公司:ChinaNationalImportandExportCorporation=2\*ROMANII.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinesereinspection:复验discrepancy:差异cargo:货物advaloremduties:从价税FDA:食品药物管理局subjectto:以…为准,需…consigner:发货人importandexportpermits:进出口许可税consignee:收货人inspectioncertificateofquality:质量检验证书=3\*ROMANIII.Question1.Whyisacommodityinspectionindispensableinforeigntrade?Itisquiteoftenthecasethatexportandimportgoodsaresubjecttothedamageorshortageintransitbecauseoftheroughhandlinginloadingandunloading,andthelongdistancetheyaretraveling.Besides,itispossiblethatthequalityofthegoodsreceivedbythebuyermaynotbeinconformitywiththecontractofsale.Atthistime,ifthecommodityhasbeeninspected,thecertificatewillservetoascertainwherethetroubleliesandwhoistoblame.2.Whatarethethreewaysaninspectioniscarriedout?Shippingquality/weight(quantity)asfinal;landingquality/weight(quantity)asfinal;inspectionandreinspection.3.Towhichpartyinspectionsarebeneficialrespectively?Inspectioncomesintobeingtosatisfybothparties(buyerandseller)inthisrespect,thatis:inspectionismadeattheportofshipmentandwhenthegoodsarriveattheportofdestination,thebuyerisentitledtoreinspectthegoods.Ifsomethinginqualityandweight(quantity)ofthegoodsisfounddiscrepantwiththatstipulatedinthesalescontractbymeansofreinspection,thebuyerisentitledtoclaimduecompensationforthelossesfromtheseller.4.Howarecustomsdutiesclassified?Customsdutiesareoffourtypes:specificduty,advaloremduty,compounddutyandalternativeduty.Specificdutiesareleviedattherateofsomuchperunit,pound,kiloorgallon.Advaloremdutiesareleviedonthebasisoftheproduct’svalue.Compounddutiesareacombinationofspecificandadvaloremduties.Alternativedutiesareleviedontheconditionwhenthecommodityhasadvaloremdutyandspecificduty,butonlythehigheroneislevied.Chapter15Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglishE-commerceElectronicDataInterchangeValue-AddedNetworkSuppliers/VendorsBinarysystemBisyncmodemNetworkAmazonBulletinBoardSystemRoboticsⅡ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese电子商务增值网电子数据交换通信公司企业对企业的电子商务模式会计和审计企业对消费者的电子商务模式计算机科学电子支付信息管理系统Ⅲ.AnswerthefollowingquestionsWhatisthedefinitionofE-commerce?commerceisdoingbusinessthroughelectronicmedia.Itmeansusingsimple,fastandlow-costelectroniccommunicationstotransact,withoutface-to-facemeetingbetweenthetwopartiesofthetransaction.Now,itismainlydonethroughInternetandElectronicDataInterchange(EDI).WhatisthedefinitionofEDI?Electronicdatainterchange(EDI)isthestructuredtransmissionofdatabetweenorganizationsbyelectronicmeans.Itisusedtotransferelectronicdocumentsorbusinessdatafromonecomputersystemtoanothercomputersystem.Toputitsimply,EDIcanbeformallydefinedasthetransferofstructureddata,byagreedmessagestandards,fromonecomputersystemtoanotherwithouthumanintervention.WhatarethetypesofE-commerce?ElectronicnetworkwithinthecompanyBusiness-to-Business(B2B)E-commerceBusiness-to-ConsumerConsumer-to-ConsumerGovernment-to-CitizenGovernment-to-BusinessWhataretheadvantagesofE-commerce?AdvantagesofElectronicCommerce:Canincreasesalesanddecreasesalecosts;Asmallfirm’spromotionalmessageouttopotentialcustomersineverycountryintheworldwithgoodad;Researchnarrowmarketsegmentsthataregeographicallyscattered;TheWebisparticularlyusefulincreatingvirtualcommunitiesforspecifictypesofproductsorservices;Abusinesscanreducethecostsofhandlingsalesinquiries,providingpricequotes,anddeterminingproductavailabilitybyusingelectroniccommerceinitssalessupportandorder-takingprocesses;Increasessalesopportunitiesforseller,italsoincreasespurchasingopportunitiesforthebuyers;Businessescanidentifynewsuppliersandbusinesspartners.Increasesthespeedandaccuracywithwhichbusinessescanexchangeinformation,whichreducescostsonbothsidesoftransactionsProvidesbuyerswithawiderrangeofchoicesthantraditionalcommerce;ProvidesbuyerswithaneasywaytocustomizethelevelofdetailintheinformationtheyobtainaboutaprospectivepurchaseandtheycaninstantlyaccesstodetailinformationontheWebwithoutwaitingfordays.WhatarethetransmissionmethodsofEDI?ThetransmissionmethodsofEDIincludebisyncmodem,directmodemtomodemconnections,bulletinboardsystems(BBS),andusingofmanyInternetprotocols,butmostEDIissilltransmittedusingaVAN.WhatdisciplinesdoesE-commercelieon?ThedisciplinesthatE-commerceliesoninclude:MarketingComputersciencesConsumerbehaviorandpsychologyFinanceEconomicsManagementinformationsystems(MIS)AccountingandauditingManagementBusinesslawandethicsOthers,likelinguistics,roboticsandsensorysystems,operationsresearch/managementscience,statistics,andpublicpolicyandadministration.Also,E-commerceisofinteresttoengineering,healthcare,communication,andentertainmentpublishing.Chapter16Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglishattentionlinecomplimentarycloseinsideaddress

jargonletterheadconsiderationclearnesssalutationcoherencecompletenessⅡ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoC